RESUMO
To evaluate the prevalence of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis in road killed armadillos identified along Brazilian regions, samples of liver, spleen, muscle, ear, nose and tail were collected on highways from 78 animals. The armadillos were of four different species, Cabassous tatouay, Dasypus novemcinctus, Dasypus septemcinctus and Euphractus sexcinctus. After DNA extraction from two tissues, specific primers were used for the detection of each pathogen using SYBR green qualitative Real-Time PCR, and amplicons were sequenced. The species with the highest prevalence was D. novemcinctus, mainly in the Central-West, South, and Southeast regions of Brazil. We detected M. leprae DNA in 32 (41 %) of the 78 individuals and M. lepromatosis DNA was not identified in any of the examined samples. The zoonotic component of leprosy may play a role in the transmission of the disease in endemic areas in which environmental conditions and contact with reservoirs must be investigated.
Assuntos
Tatus , Hanseníase , Mycobacterium leprae , Tatus/microbiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Animais , Mycobacterium leprae/genética , Mycobacterium leprae/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Mycobacterium/genética , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium/classificação , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa considerada un problema de salud pública ya que constituye una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial; su forma clínica más frecuente es la tuberculosis pulmonar, sin embargo, esta enfermedad también puede afectar estructuras extrapulmonares cuyo diagnóstico generalmente es tardío debido a que los síntomas y signos son inespecíficos. En este artículo se presenta un caso clínico de tuberculosis extrapulmonar (miliar, sistema nervioso central e intestinal) en el Hospital Universitario de Puebla (AU)
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease considered a public health problem since it is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; the most common clinical form is pulmonary tuberculosis; however, this disease can also affect extrapulmonary structures whose diagnosis is generally late because the symptoms and signs are nonspecific. This article presents a clinical case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (miliary, central nervous system and intestinal) at the University Hospital of Puebla (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Tuberculose Miliar/diagnóstico , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Unidade Hospitalar de Odontologia , Tuberculose Extrapulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Extrapulmonar/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Non-tuberculosis infections in immunocompromised patients represent a cause for concern, given the increased risks of infection, and limited treatments available. Herein, we report that molecules for binding to the catalytic site of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibit its activity, thus increasing the innate immune response against environmental mycobacteria. The action of HDAC inhibitors (iHDACs) was explored in a model of type II pneumocytes and macrophages infection by Mycobacterium aurum. The results show that the use of 1,3-diphenylurea increases the expression of the TLR-4 in M. aurum infected MDMs, as well as the production of defb4, IL-1ß, IL-12, and IL-6. Moreover, we observed that aminoacetanilide upregulates the expression of TLR-4 together with TLR-9, defb4, CAMP, RNase 6, RNase 7, IL-1ß, IL-12, and IL-6 in T2P. Results conclude that the tested iHDACs selectively modulate the expression of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides that are associated with reduction of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection.
Assuntos
Citocinas , Reposicionamento de Medicamentos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Imunidade Inata , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas , Imunidade Inata/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/imunologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/efeitos dos fármacos , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/imunologia , Mycobacterium/imunologia , Mycobacterium/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Background: The scope of the study was to analyze original preclinical studies on the antimicrobial effects of carvacrol and derivatives on the Mycobacterium genus. Materials & methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and EMBASE) were searched. Results: The search retrieved 392 records, of which 11 papers were selected. Heterogeneity in the techniques and mycobacterial targets was observed. Carvacrol demonstrated synergistic antimycobacterial activity with rifampicin against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis on membranes and biofilms. In silico approaches showed specific targets in mycobacteria, by inhibition and molecular docking assays, on the enzyme chorismate mutase and the heat shock protein 16.3. Conclusion: Carvacrol has been shown to be a scaffold candidate for future molecules with activity against mycobacteria.
Assuntos
Cimenos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium , Cimenos/farmacologia , Cimenos/química , Mycobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/químicaRESUMO
In this manuscript, we report the photo-inactivation evaluation of new tetra-cationic porphyrins with peripheral Pt(II) complexes ate meta N-pyridyl positions in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of rapidly growing mycobacterial strains (RGM). Four different metalloderivatives were synthetized and applied. aPDT experiments in the strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Abscessus (ATCC 19977), Mycolicibacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841), Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Massiliense (ATCC 48898), and Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (ATCC 700084) conducted with adequate concentration of photosensitizers (PS) under white-light conditions at 90 min (irradiance of 50 mW cm-2 and a total light dosage of 270 J cm-2) showed that the Zn(II) derivative is the most effective PS significantly reduced the concentration of viable mycobacteria. The effectiveness of the molecule as PS for PDI studies is also clear with mycobacteria, which is strongly related with the porphyrin peripheral charge and coordination platinum(II) compounds and consequently about the presence of metal center ion. This class of PS may be promising antimycobacterial aPDT agents with potential applications in medical clinical cases and bioremediation.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium , Porfirinas , Platina/farmacologia , Luz , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Porfirinas/farmacologia , AntibacterianosRESUMO
Purpose: In vitro evaluation of rose bengal (RB) photoactivated by our custom-built green light-emitting diode (LED) source for the growth inhibition of bacterial strains and rapidly growing mycobacterial (RGM) isolates in infectious keratitis. Methods: Six corneal clinical bacteria isolates were included in this study: two Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] and Staphylococcus epidermidis), two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens), and two RGM (Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus). Microorganisms were cultured and incubated at specific conditions and prepared in suspensions to adjust their concentration to 104 cells/mL. Different treatments were conducted in triplicates: Group I, no treatment; Group II, treated with 0.1% rose bengal alone (exposed to dark for 30 minutes); Group III, exposed to custom green LED for 30 minutes (12.87 J/cm2); and Group IV, treated with 0.1% rose bengal and exposed to custom green LED for 30 minutes. Agar plates were incubated at specific conditions and photographed after growth for pixel analyses. Results: Complete growth inhibition of all bacteria and RGM was observed in Group IV. MRSA and S. epidermidis in Group II also showed complete growth inhibition. Conclusions: The custom-built green LED presented good activity by photoactivating RB and inhibiting micro-organism growth. For the first time, we demonstrated the expressive growth inhibition effect of RB against S. epidermidis, RGM, and S. marcescens. Clinical treatment with RB may offer an alternate adjunct therapy for corneal surface infections. Translational Relevance: Validating in vitro the custom-built green LED encourages the clinical application for the treatment of infectious keratitis.
Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Mycobacterium , Rosa Bengala/farmacologia , CórneaRESUMO
Múltiples infecciones oportunistas pueden manifestarse simultáneamente cuando la inmunosupresión es grave en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana. Se presenta un caso de coinfección de VIH, Bartonella spp y Mycobacterium kansasii, siendo escasos los reportes a la fecha de dicha asociación y aun más en pacientes que desconocen su condición de VIH
Multiple opportunistic infections can manifest simultaneously when immunosuppression is severe in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. A case of co-infection with HIV, Bartonella spp and Mycobacterium kansasii is presented, with few reports to date of this association and even more so in patients who are unaware of their HIV status.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Infecções por Bartonella/diagnóstico , HIV/imunologia , MycobacteriumRESUMO
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate molecular and immunological methods and to propose a workflow using them for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis routine. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed, including 121 liquid cultures from a TB laboratory located in the extreme south of Brazil. All cultures were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) by in-house Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using DNA extracted by the CTAB method (PCR-CTAB) for IS6110 detection. These cultures were subjected to faster tests than this one, the immunological MPT64 assay and the PCR using DNA extracted by thermal lysis method (PCR-TL), and these were evaluated for MTBC identification using PCR-CTAB as a reference method. Results: The sensitivity of MPT64 assay and PCR-TL to identify MTBC in positive cultures by PCR-CTAB were 73.6% (89/121) and 98.3% (119/121), respectively. We proposed a workflow based on the use of MPT64 assay in liquid cultures suggestive of MTBC, and in case of a negative result, we suggest the performance of PCR-TL. The PCR-CTAB is suggested only if faster tests are negative. Conclusions: Methods capable of confirming MTBC in cultures should continue to be standardized, tested, and optimized to meet the ideal requirements of simplicity, quickness, and effectiveness. The molecular and immunological methods evaluated have differences in the execution and detection of MTBC in cultures, but they are rapid tools for laboratory TB diagnosi
Objetivos: O estudo objetivou avaliar métodos molecular e imunológico e propor um fluxo de trabalho utilizando-os para a rotina de diagnóstico da tuberculose (TB). Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal retrospectivo, incluindo 121 culturas líquidas de um laboratório de TB localizado no extremo sul do Brasil. Todas as culturas foram positivas para o complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CMTB) por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) in-house para detecção do IS6110, usando DNA extraído pelo método CTAB (PCR-CTAB). Essas culturas foram submetidas a testes mais rápidos que este, o ensaio imunológico MPT64 e a PCR com DNA extraído pelo método de lise térmica (PCR-LT), e estas foram avaliadas para identificação de CMTB usando PCR-CTAB como método de referência. Resultados: A sensibilidade do ensaio MPT64 e da PCR-LT para identificar o CMTB em culturas positivas pela PCRCTAB foi de 73,6% (89/121) e 98,3% (119/121), respectivamente. Propusemos um fluxo de trabalho baseado no uso do ensaio MPT64 em culturas líquidas sugestivas de CMTB e, em caso de resultado negativo, sugerimos a realização de PCR-LT. Sugere-se a PCR-CTAB apenas se os testes mais rápidos forem negativos. Conclusões: Os métodos capazes de confirmar o CMTB em culturas devem continuar sendo padronizados, testados e otimizados para atender aos requisitos ideais de simplicidade, rapidez e eficácia. Os métodos molecular e imunológico avaliados apresentam diferenças na execução e detecção do CMTB em culturas, mas são ferramentas rápidas para o diagnóstico laboratorial da TB.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , DNA , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Cetrimônio , MycobacteriumRESUMO
La tuberculosis (TB) cutánea es una forma rara de tuberculosis extrapulmonar y puede tener diversas manifestaciones clínicas. La afectación cutánea puede producirse como resultado de inoculación exógena, diseminación contigua desde un foco de infección, o mediante la propagación hematógena desde un foco distante 1. Las formas multibacilares de localización cutánea siguen siendo, con mucho, las más comunes en los niños 2. La tuberculosis cutánea representa sólo el 1-2% de las formas extrapulmonares de TB. Se clasifica en varias variantes, y la escrofulodermia es una forma de tuberculosis endógena. Afecta a personas de todas las edades, sin embargo, los niños, los adolescentes y los ancianos se ven muy afectados, debido a la incapacidad inmunológica para contener la infección por micobacterias. La escrofulodermia puede presentarse de forma aislada o coexistir con formas pulmonares y diseminadas de TB. Se presenta como nódulos eritematosos que se fistulizan y descargan material caseoso y purulento 3. Los exámenes patológicos revelan abscesos, necrosis y granulomas de tipo tuberculoide (3). La correlación clínica, biológica, patológica y, a veces, la progresión con el tratamiento antibacilar son la clave del diagnóstico 2
Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that can have diverse clinical manifestations. Cutaneous involvement may occur as a result of exogenous inoculation, contiguous dissemination from a focus of infection, or by hematogenous spread from a distant focus (1). Multibacillary forms of cutaneous localization remain by far the most common in children (2). Children and the elderly are greatly affected due to immunological inability to contain the mycobacterial infection. Scrofuloderma can occur in isolation or coexist with pulmonary and disseminated forms of TB. It presents with erythematous nodules that fistulize and discharge caseous and purulent material (3). Anatomopathological examinations reveal abscesses, necrosis and tuberculoid granulomas (3). Clinical, biological, pathological correlation and sometimes progression with antibacillary treatment are the key to diagnosis (2)
Assuntos
Tuberculose , Pediatria , Tuberculose Cutânea , Infecções , MycobacteriumRESUMO
En la Revista Colombiana de Neumología, número dos, volumen 34 del año 2022, está publicado el artículo original de los doctores Daniel Adolfo Suárez, Andrea Carolina Córdoba y Oscar Alberto Sáenz titulado "Factores de riesgo para complicaciones en pacientes con tuberculosis en una institución de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Bogotá". Es un estudio observacional retrospectivo de la cohorte de 130 pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar diagnosticados entre los años 2017 y 2018, cuyo objetivo fue el de identificar posibles factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de complicaciones por la tuberculosis. Los autores presentan la revisión de la literatura con relación a las complicaciones de la tuberculosis. En general, las complicaciones de la tuberculosis se han dividido según el sitio anatómico comprometido, esto es, pulmonar o respiratorio, neurológico, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal u otros y han sido atribuidas al efecto patológico de la micobacteria o al efecto inflamatorio desencadenado por la respuesta inmune del huésped.
In the Colombian Journal of Pneumology, number two, volume 34 of the year 2022, the original article by doctors Daniel Adolfo Suárez, Andrea Carolina Córdoba and Oscar Alberto Sáenz entitled "Risk factors for complications in patients with tuberculosis in a hospital third level of the city of Bogotá". It is a retrospective observational study of the cohort of 130 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed between 2017 and 2018, whose objective was to identify possible risk factors associated with the development of complications from tuberculosis. The authors present a review of the literature regarding the complications of tuberculosis. In general, the complications of tuberculosis have been divided according to the anatomical site involved, that is, pulmonary or respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal or others, and have been attributed to the pathological effect of the mycobacteria or to the inflammatory effect triggered by the immune response. of the host.