RESUMO
Emerald tree boas (Corallus batesii) are boids that in situ occurs in forested habitats in the Amazon Basin. The mycobacterial species can infect reptiles but the species Mycolicibacterium fortuitum was identified only in feces samples of ex situ Python regius and was isolated from granulomatous lesions of an ex situ Iguana iguana when was still part of the genus Mycobacterium. This article aims to report a mycobacteria infection case in a female Corallus batesii kept under human care. The animal presented apathy and 2 months of anorexia, being found dead. The necropsy revealed presence of tracheal and pulmonary nodules besides multifocal, bacterial, granulomatous pneumonia. After Fite-Faraco histochemical staining, immunohistochemistry, semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetic sequencing the Mycolicibacterium fortuitum complex was diagnosed with 99.54% of nucleotide similarity. This mycobacterial species was already pointed out as an important nosocomial pathogen and more studies are necessary to explore their zoonotic potential.
Assuntos
Boidae , Mycobacterium fortuitum , Animais , Feminino , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Mycobacterium fortuitum/classificação , Boidae/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/veterinária , Evolução Fatal , FilogeniaAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/patologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Biópsia , Resultado do Tratamento , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Soft tissue or skin infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported frequently and are mostly associated with trauma or cosmetic interventions like plastic surgery. However, infection with NTM as a result of a dental procedure have rarely been described and the lack of clinical suspicion and a clear clinical manifestation makes diagnosis challenging. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on three patients with a facial cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin, due to an infection with respectively Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. abscessus and M. peregrinum. The infection source was the dental unit waterlines (DUWLs), which were colonized with NTM. CONCLUSIONS: Water of the DUWL can pose a health risk. This report emphasizes the need for quality control and certification of water flowing through DUWLs, including the absence of NTM. Our report also shows the need for a rapid recognition of NTM infections and accurate laboratory diagnosis in order to avoid long-term ineffective antibiotic treatment.
Assuntos
Face/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Criança , DNA Viral/metabolismo , Feminino , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/genética , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Micobactérias não Tuberculosas/genética , Microbiologia da Água , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/patologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/tratamento farmacológico , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This manuscript reports, at the first time, the photoinactivation evaluation of tetra-cationic and anionic porphyrins as photosensitizers (PS) for the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of rapidly growing mycobacteria strains. Two different charged porphyrin groups were obtained commercially. PDI experiments in the strains Mycobacterium massiliense e Mycobacterium fortuitum conducted with adequate concentration (without aggregation) of photosensitizer under white light at a fluence rate of 50â¯mW/cm2 over 90â¯min showed that the most effective PS caused a 100 times reduction in the concentration of viable mycobacteria. The present results show that porphyrin with positively charge are more efficient PS than anionic porphyrin (negatively charged) against M. massiliense e M. fortuitum. It is also clear that the effectiveness of the molecule as PS for PDI studies with mycobacteria is strongly related with the porphyrin peripheral charge, and consequently their solubility in physiological media. Cationic PSs might be promising anti-mycobacteria PDI agents with potential applications in medical clinical cases and bioremediation.
Assuntos
Mycobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Porfirinas/farmacologia , Ânions , Cátions , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Humanos , Luz , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos da radiação , Mycobacterium/fisiologia , Mycobacterium/efeitos da radiação , Mycobacterium abscessus/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium abscessus/fisiologia , Mycobacterium abscessus/efeitos da radiação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium fortuitum/fisiologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/efeitos da radiação , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
An adult male Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis under human care presented with 3 circular cutaneous lesions on the dorsal aspect of the rostrum and between the nostrils (plenum). Initially these lesions were superficial, hypopigmented, without warmth and non-painful. Microbiological cultures of skin swabs isolated Candida sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and topical treatment with antiseptic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medication was instituted. This treatment strategy did not lead to any clinical improvement, and after 6 mo, the lesions progressed to a confluent abscess (5.0 × 3.0 cm) with increased temperature and obvious discomfort on palpation. An impression smear of a cutaneous biopsy was submitted for Ziehl-Neelsen staining and after detection of acid-fast bacilli, the cutaneous biopsy and a swab from the lesion were sent for histopathology, culture and sensitivity testing. After 5 d of incubation and through PCR-restriction analysis of the isolates, Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. abscessus were identified. Sensitivity testing indicated that the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin, and after draining of the lesion and administration of systemic antibiotic treatment, there was rapid clinical improvement. This report describes non-healing lesions in an aquatic animal and illustrates the importance of evaluating the presence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, opportunistic pathogens which are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, in protracted, non-responsive cases. We also highlight the importance of a correct diagnosis and treatment approach, and we review concerns that these bacteria are zoonotic agents and are frequently resistant to conventional antibiotics.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/veterinária , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/veterinária , Trichechus inunguis/microbiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/administração & dosagem , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Patients with HIV are susceptible to mycobacterium infection. In the case of fast-growing mycobacteria, the group to which Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) belongs, infections have been described in the skin, lungs, lymph nodes and disseminated disease. We present the case of a 43-year-old male patient with pre-diagnosis of HIV in antiretroviral therapy, which comes as a fever, asthenia, weight loss and chronic diarrhea. Abdominal tomography is performed and hepatosplenomegaly is evidenced with nodular lesions in the spleen. The splenic culture was finally positive for M. Fortuitum, with positive PCR to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The current treatment protocols for this type of infection are based on the susceptibility shown in the cultures performed. With regard to coinfections between M. Fortuitum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in HIV positive patients, there are even less information.
Los pacientes con VIH son susceptibles a la infección por micobacterias. En el caso de las micobacterias de crecimiento rápido, grupo al que pertenece el Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum), se han descrito infecciones en la piel, pulmones, ganglios linfáticos y enfermedad diseminada. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 43 años, con diagnóstico previo de VIH en tratamiento antirretroviral, que acude por fiebre, astenia, pérdida de peso y diarrea crónica. Se realiza tomografía abdominal y se evidencia hepatoesplenomegalia con lesiones nodulares en el bazo. El cultivo esplénico, finalmente, fue positivo para M. fortuitum, con PCR positivo a Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Los protocolos actuales de tratamiento para este tipo de infecciones se basan en la susceptibilidad mostrada en los cultivos realizados. En lo que respecta a coinfecciones entre M. fortuitum y Mycobacterium tuberculosis, en pacientes VIH positivos, la información es aun menor.
Assuntos
Abscesso/complicações , Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/complicações , Mycobacterium fortuitum , Esplenopatias/complicações , Esplenopatias/microbiologia , Tuberculose/complicações , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
A infecção por Mycobacterium spp. tem sido constatada em diversos vertebrados, ocasionando doenças em humanos e animais. As espécies responsáveis pela ocorrência de micobacteriose em peixes, a saber, Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum e M. chelonae, também são potencialmente infecciosas para os camarões peneídeos. A micobacteriose que afeta crustáceos corresponde a uma enfermidade sistêmica, granulomatosa, possuindo como agente etiológico bacilos Gram positivos ácido-álcool resistentes. Relata-se neste trabalho a ocorrência de micobacteriose em camarões da espécie Litopenaeus vannamei, sendo identificada a bactéria M. marinum nas amostras teciduais analisadas. Durante a manutenção de juvenis da espécie foram observadas lesões enegrecidas no sexto segmento abdominal de 20 espécimes. A partir das técnicas de Fite-Faraco e Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) foi identificado o patógeno, representando uma doença bacteriana com potencial zootécnico que ocorre em ambientes aquáticos, acarretando riscos de contaminação tópica em pessoas envolvidas na manipulação de camarões.
The Mycobacterium spp. infection they have been documented in many vertebrates, causing known diseases in man and animals. The species responsible for the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in fish, Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae, are also potentially infectious for penaeid shrimp. The mycobacterial disease that affects shellfish corresponds to a systemic disease, granulomatous, having as an etiological agent Gram-positive bacilli resistant acid-alcohol. We report the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in shrimps of the species Litopenaeus vannamei, and identified the species M. marinum in tissue samples analyzed. During the maintenance of juvenile of the species, blackish lesions were observed in the sixth abdominal segment in 20 specimens. From techniques Fite-Faraco and hybridization in situ with fluorescence (FISH), has identified the pathogen in the analyzed tissue was observed, representing a bacterial disease of aquatic environments with zoonotic potential, causing risks of topical contamination on people involved in handling shrimp.
Assuntos
Animais , Infecções por Mycobacterium/parasitologia , Mycobacterium chelonae/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium marinum/isolamento & purificação , Penaeidae/parasitologia , Hibridização In SituRESUMO
A infecção por Mycobacterium spp. tem sido constatada em diversos vertebrados, ocasionando doenças em humanos e animais. As espécies responsáveis pela ocorrência de micobacteriose em peixes, a saber, Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum e M. chelonae, também são potencialmente infecciosas para os camarões peneídeos. A micobacteriose que afeta crustáceos corresponde a uma enfermidade sistêmica, granulomatosa, possuindo como agente etiológico bacilos Gram positivos ácido-álcool resistentes. Relata-se neste trabalho a ocorrência de micobacteriose em camarões da espécie Litopenaeus vannamei, sendo identificada a bactéria M. marinum nas amostras teciduais analisadas. Durante a manutenção de juvenis da espécie foram observadas lesões enegrecidas no sexto segmento abdominal de 20 espécimes. A partir das técnicas de Fite-Faraco e Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) foi identificado o patógeno, representando uma doença bacteriana com potencial zootécnico que ocorre em ambientes aquáticos, acarretando riscos de contaminação tópica em pessoas envolvidas na manipulação de camarões.(AU)
The Mycobacterium spp. infection they have been documented in many vertebrates, causing known diseases in man and animals. The species responsible for the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in fish, Mycobacterium marinum, M. fortuitum and M. chelonae, are also potentially infectious for penaeid shrimp. The mycobacterial disease that affects shellfish corresponds to a systemic disease, granulomatous, having as an etiological agent Gram-positive bacilli resistant acid-alcohol. We report the occurrence of mycobacteriosis in shrimps of the species Litopenaeus vannamei, and identified the species M. marinum in tissue samples analyzed. During the maintenance of juvenile of the species, blackish lesions were observed in the sixth abdominal segment in 20 specimens. From techniques Fite-Faraco and hybridization in situ with fluorescence (FISH), has identified the pathogen in the analyzed tissue was observed, representing a bacterial disease of aquatic environments with zoonotic potential, causing risks of topical contamination on people involved in handling shrimp.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Penaeidae/parasitologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/parasitologia , Mycobacterium fortuitum/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium marinum/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium chelonae/isolamento & purificação , Hibridização In SituRESUMO
RESUMEN Los pacientes con VIH son susceptibles a la infección por micobacterias. En el caso de las micobacterias de crecimiento rápido, grupo al que pertenece el Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum), se han descrito infecciones en la piel, pulmones, ganglios linfáticos y enfermedad diseminada. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 43 años, con diagnóstico previo de VIH en tratamiento antirretroviral, que acude por fiebre, astenia, pérdida de peso y diarrea crónica. Se realiza tomografía abdominal y se evidencia hepatoesplenomegalia con lesiones nodulares en el bazo. El cultivo esplénico, finalmente, fue positivo para M. fortuitum, con PCR positivo a Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Los protocolos actuales de tratamiento para este tipo de infecciones se basan en la susceptibilidad mostrada en los cultivos realizados. En lo que respecta a coinfecciones entre M. fortuitum y Mycobacterium tuberculosis, en pacientes VIH positivos, la información es aun menor.
ABSTRACT Patients with HIV are susceptible to mycobacterium infection. In the case of fast-growing mycobacteria, the group to which Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) belongs, infections have been described in the skin, lungs, lymph nodes and disseminated disease. We present the case of a 43-year-old male patient with pre-diagnosis of HIV in antiretroviral therapy, which comes as a fever, asthenia, weight loss and chronic diarrhea. Abdominal tomography is performed and hepatosplenomegaly is evidenced with nodular lesions in the spleen. The splenic culture was finally positive for M. Fortuitum, with positive PCR to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The current treatment protocols for this type of infection are based on the susceptibility shown in the cultures performed. With regard to coinfections between M. Fortuitum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in HIV positive patients, there are even less information.