RESUMO
Renal biopsy is useful to better understand the histological pattern of a lesion (glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular) and the pathogenesis that leads to kidney failure. The potential impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the kidneys is still undetermined, and a variety of lesions are seen in the kidney tissue of coronavirus disease patients. This review is based on the morphological findings of patients described in case reports and a series of published cases. A search was conducted on MEDLINE and PubMed of case reports and case series of lesions in the presence of non-critical infection by SARS-CoV-2 published until 15/09/2020. We highlight the potential of the virus directly influencing the damage or the innate and adaptive immune response activating cytokine and procoagulant cascades, in addition to the genetic component triggering glomerular diseases, mainly collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial, and even vascular diseases. Kidney lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2 are frequent and have an impact on morbidity and mortality; thus, studies are needed to assess the morphological kidney changes and their mechanisms and may help define their spectrum and immediate or long-term impact.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/patologia , COVID-19/patologia , Glomerulonefrite/patologia , Rim/patologia , Microangiopatias Trombóticas/patologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/sangue , Injúria Renal Aguda/imunologia , Imunidade Adaptativa/imunologia , Arteriosclerose/imunologia , Arteriosclerose/patologia , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Glomerulonefrite/imunologia , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/imunologia , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/patologia , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/imunologia , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/patologia , Humanos , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Infarto/imunologia , Infarto/patologia , Rim/irrigação sanguínea , Rim/imunologia , Necrose do Córtex Renal/imunologia , Necrose do Córtex Renal/patologia , Nefrite Intersticial/imunologia , Nefrite Intersticial/patologia , Nefrose Lipoide/imunologia , Nefrose Lipoide/patologia , Rabdomiólise , SARS-CoV-2 , Trombofilia/sangue , Microangiopatias Trombóticas/imunologiaRESUMO
Acute kidney injury is an unusual complication during dengue infection. The objective of this study was to better identify the characteristics of glomerular changes focusing on in situ immune cells and cytokines. An immunohistochemical assay was performed on 20 kidney specimens from fatal human cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). It was observed a lymphomononuclear infiltrate, neutrophils and nuclear fragmentation in the glomeruli, hydropic degeneration, nuclear retraction, eosinophilic tubules and intense acute congestion. Sickle erythrocytes were frequent in glomeruli and inflammatory infiltrate. The glomeruli presented endothelial swelling and mesangial proliferation. Lymphocytes CD4+ predominated over CD8+ T cells, B cells and natural killer cells. There were also an expressive number of macrophagic CD68+ cells. S100, Foxp3 and CD123 cells were not identified. Cells expressing IL17 and IL18+ cytokines predominated in the renal tissues, while IL4, IL6, IL10, IL13, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were rarely visualized. The high number of cells expressing IL17 and IL18+ could reflect the acute inflammatory response and possibly contribute to the local lesion. CD8+ T cells could play a role in the cytotoxic response. DHF is a multifactorial disease of capillary leakage associated with a "Tsunami of cytokines expression". The large numbers of cells expressing IL17 seems to play a role favoring the increased permeability.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Necrose do Córtex Renal/etiologia , Dengue Grave/complicações , Injúria Renal Aguda/imunologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/fisiopatologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Necrose do Córtex Renal/imunologia , Necrose do Córtex Renal/fisiopatologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Dengue Grave/imunologia , Dengue Grave/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Infection with polyomavirus (BK virus) is the cause of renal graft losses in more than 50% of the infected cases. There should be a high index of suspicion about this disease, although the incidence is only between 2% and 5% as the future of renal graft depends on the early and appropriate management of the same. Herein, we describe three clinical cases: Two were those of kidney transplant and the third, a combined kidney-pancreas transplant. In these cases, by reducing immunosuppression and, in one case, replacing the calcineurin inhibitor by MTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) in addition, we were able to preserve of the normal function of the transplanted organs.
Assuntos
Vírus BK , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Necrose do Córtex Renal/virologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Polyomavirus/complicações , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/complicações , Adulto , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transplante de Pâncreas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Previous studies have shown ocular haemorrhages in choline-deficient rats. The aim of this paper is to study further the relationship between ocular and renal lesions and biochemical alterations in rats fed a choline-deficient diet. Fifty one weanling male Wistar rats, were divided into two groups. Thirty one of them were fed a choline-deficient diet and the rest was fed a choline-supplemented diet ad libitum. Animals from both groups were killed between the fifth and the eighth day. Urea, creatinine and homocysteine concentrations in blood were determined. Eyes were used for light microscopy study; high resolution light microscopy and the study of the retina as "rétine a plat". Kidneys were studied by light microscopy. Choline-supplemented rats did not show ocular or renal lesion. Choline-deficient rats that showed renal lesions, tubular or cortical necrosis, did not always have ocular changes. There were no ocular changes in the only choline-deficient rat without renal lesion. The ocular changes consisted mainly in haemorrhage in both cameras and ciliary and vitreous bodies. Correlations between ocular and renal lesion (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001, CI 95%: 0.48-0.86); ocular lesion and creatinine (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001, Cl 95%: 0.72-0.93) and ocular lesion and urea (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001, Cl 95%: 0.44-0.85) were positive. Choline-deficiency induces ocular haemorrhagic lesions after the development of renal necrosis. The ocular pathology could be due to the immaturity of the ocular vasculature at this age. The hyaloid, choroid and retinal system are involved.
Assuntos
Deficiência de Colina/patologia , Dieta , Traumatismos Oculares/patologia , Olho/ultraestrutura , Necrose do Córtex Renal/patologia , Necrose Tubular Aguda/patologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Deficiência de Colina/complicações , Creatinina/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Olho/irrigação sanguínea , Traumatismos Oculares/complicações , Homocisteína/sangue , Necrose do Córtex Renal/etiologia , Necrose Tubular Aguda/etiologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Hemorragia Retiniana/etiologia , Hemorragia Retiniana/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ureia/sangueRESUMO
The association between microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has seldom been reported. We describe a patient with PBC and MPA who presented with polyarthritis and pulmonary nodules followed by pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis and liver dysfunction. Detection of p-ANCA, antimyeloperoxidase, and antimitochondrial antibodies along with liver and renal histopathology allowed a diagnosis of MPA and PBC. We also discuss 2 other cases that could be unrecognized associations of both diseases. Further reports are necessary to clarify if the coexistence between PBC and MPA is causal or casual.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/complicações , Nefropatias/patologia , Cirrose Hepática Biliar/complicações , Pneumopatias/patologia , Vasculite/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Necrose do Córtex Renal/etiologia , Nefropatias/sangue , Pneumopatias/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Previous studies have shown ocular haemorrhages in choline-deficient rats. The aim of this paper is to study further the relationship between ocular and renal lesions and biochemical alterations in rats fed a choline-deficient diet. Fifty one weanling male Wistar rats, were divided into two groups. Thirty one ofthem were fed a choline-deficient diet and the rest was fed a choline- supplemented diet ad libitum. Animalsfrom both groups were killed between the fifth and the eighth day. Urea, creatinine and homocysteine concentrations in blood were determined. Eyes were used for light microscopy study; high resolution lightmicroscopy and the study of the retina as ¶rétine a plat÷. Kidneys were studied by light microscopy. Cholinesupplementedrats did not show ocular or renal lesion. Choline-deficient rats that showed renal lesions, tubular or cortical necrosis, did not always have ocular changes. There were no ocular changes in the only cholinedeficient rat without renal lesion. The ocular changes consisted mainly in haemorrhage in both cameras andciliary and vitreous bodies. Correlations between ocular and renal lesion (r=0.72, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.48-0.86); ocular lesion and creatinine (r=0.86, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.72-0.93) and ocular lesion and urea (r=0.70, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.44-0.85) were positive. Choline-deficiency induces ocular haemorrhagic lesions after the development of renal necrosis. The ocular pathology could be due to the immaturity of the ocular vasculature at this age. The hyaloid, choroid and retinal system are involved (AU)
Estudios previos han demostradohemorragia ocular en ratas deficientes en colina. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en la relación entre las alteraciones oculares, renales y bioquímicas en ratas deficientes en colina. Cincuenta y una ratas Wistar macho recién destetadas fueron divididas en dos grupos: treinta y una fueron alimentadas con una dieta colino deficiente y el resto con colina suplementada ad-libitum. Los animales de ambos grupos fueron sacrificados entre el quinto y el octavo día. Se midió la concentración de urea, creatinina y homocisteína en sangre. Los ojos fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz, microscopía óptica de alta resolución y para el estudio de la retina como retina plana. Los riñones fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz. Las ratas suplementadas con colina no mostraron lesiones oculares o renales. Las colino deficientes que mostraron lesiones renales, necrosis tubular o cortical, no siempre tuvieron cambios oculares. No se encontraron cambios oculares en la única rata deficiente en colina sin lesión renal. Los cambios oculares consistieron principalmente en hemorragia enambas cámaras, cuerpo ciliar y vítreo. La correlación entre la lesión ocular y renal (r=0.72, p<0.0001, CI 95%:0.48-0.86), lesión ocular y creatinina (r=0.86, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.72-0.93) y lesión ocular y urea (r=0.70,p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.44-0.85) fue positiva. La deficiencia de colina induce lesiones oculares luego del desarrollode la necrosis renal. La patología ocular podría ser debida a la inmadurez de los vasos oculares. El sistemahialoide, coroideo y retinal están involucrados (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Dieta , Deficiência de Colina/patologia , Traumatismos Oculares/patologia , Olho/ultraestrutura , Necrose do Córtex Renal/patologia , Necrose Tubular Aguda/patologia , Análise de Variância , Deficiência de Colina/complicações , Creatinina/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Traumatismos Oculares/complicações , Olho/irrigação sanguínea , Homocisteína/sangue , Necrose do Córtex Renal/etiologia , Necrose Tubular Aguda/etiologia , Ratos Wistar , Hemorragia Retiniana/etiologia , Hemorragia Retiniana/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ureia/sangueRESUMO
Previous studies have shown ocular haemorrhages in choline-deficient rats. The aim of this paper is to study further the relationship between ocular and renal lesions and biochemical alterations in rats fed a choline-deficient diet. Fifty one weanling male Wistar rats, were divided into two groups. Thirty one ofthem were fed a choline-deficient diet and the rest was fed a choline- supplemented diet ad libitum. Animalsfrom both groups were killed between the fifth and the eighth day. Urea, creatinine and homocysteine concentrations in blood were determined. Eyes were used for light microscopy study; high resolution lightmicroscopy and the study of the retina as ¶rétine a plat÷. Kidneys were studied by light microscopy. Cholinesupplementedrats did not show ocular or renal lesion. Choline-deficient rats that showed renal lesions, tubular or cortical necrosis, did not always have ocular changes. There were no ocular changes in the only cholinedeficient rat without renal lesion. The ocular changes consisted mainly in haemorrhage in both cameras andciliary and vitreous bodies. Correlations between ocular and renal lesion (r=0.72, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.48-0.86); ocular lesion and creatinine (r=0.86, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.72-0.93) and ocular lesion and urea (r=0.70, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.44-0.85) were positive. Choline-deficiency induces ocular haemorrhagic lesions after the development of renal necrosis. The ocular pathology could be due to the immaturity of the ocular vasculature at this age. The hyaloid, choroid and retinal system are involved (AU)
Estudios previos han demostradohemorragia ocular en ratas deficientes en colina. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en la relación entre las alteraciones oculares, renales y bioquímicas en ratas deficientes en colina. Cincuenta y una ratas Wistar macho recién destetadas fueron divididas en dos grupos: treinta y una fueron alimentadas con una dieta colino deficiente y el resto con colina suplementada ad-libitum. Los animales de ambos grupos fueron sacrificados entre el quinto y el octavo día. Se midió la concentración de urea, creatinina y homocisteína en sangre. Los ojos fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz, microscopía óptica de alta resolución y para el estudio de la retina como retina plana. Los riñones fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz. Las ratas suplementadas con colina no mostraron lesiones oculares o renales. Las colino deficientes que mostraron lesiones renales, necrosis tubular o cortical, no siempre tuvieron cambios oculares. No se encontraron cambios oculares en la única rata deficiente en colina sin lesión renal. Los cambios oculares consistieron principalmente en hemorragia enambas cámaras, cuerpo ciliar y vítreo. La correlación entre la lesión ocular y renal (r=0.72, p<0.0001, CI 95%:0.48-0.86), lesión ocular y creatinina (r=0.86, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.72-0.93) y lesión ocular y urea (r=0.70,p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.44-0.85) fue positiva. La deficiencia de colina induce lesiones oculares luego del desarrollode la necrosis renal. La patología ocular podría ser debida a la inmadurez de los vasos oculares. El sistemahialoide, coroideo y retinal están involucrados (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Dieta , Deficiência de Colina/patologia , Traumatismos Oculares/patologia , Olho/ultraestrutura , Necrose do Córtex Renal/patologia , Necrose Tubular Aguda/patologia , Análise de Variância , Deficiência de Colina/complicações , Creatinina/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Traumatismos Oculares/complicações , Olho/irrigação sanguínea , Homocisteína/sangue , Necrose do Córtex Renal/etiologia , Necrose Tubular Aguda/etiologia , Ratos Wistar , Hemorragia Retiniana/etiologia , Hemorragia Retiniana/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ureia/sangueRESUMO
Previous studies have shown ocular haemorrhages in choline-deficient rats. The aim of this paper is to study further the relationship between ocular and renal lesions and biochemical alterations in rats fed a choline-deficient diet. Fifty one weanling male Wistar rats, were divided into two groups. Thirty one ofthem were fed a choline-deficient diet and the rest was fed a choline- supplemented diet ad libitum. Animalsfrom both groups were killed between the fifth and the eighth day. Urea, creatinine and homocysteine concentrations in blood were determined. Eyes were used for light microscopy study; high resolution lightmicroscopy and the study of the retina as rétine a plat. Kidneys were studied by light microscopy. Cholinesupplementedrats did not show ocular or renal lesion. Choline-deficient rats that showed renal lesions, tubular or cortical necrosis, did not always have ocular changes. There were no ocular changes in the only cholinedeficient rat without renal lesion. The ocular changes consisted mainly in haemorrhage in both cameras andciliary and vitreous bodies. Correlations between ocular and renal lesion (r=0.72, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.48-0.86); ocular lesion and creatinine (r=0.86, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.72-0.93) and ocular lesion and urea (r=0.70, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.44-0.85) were positive. Choline-deficiency induces ocular haemorrhagic lesions after the development of renal necrosis. The ocular pathology could be due to the immaturity of the ocular vasculature at this age. The hyaloid, choroid and retinal system are involved
Estudios previos han demostradohemorragia ocular en ratas deficientes en colina. El objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en la relación entre las alteraciones oculares, renales y bioquímicas en ratas deficientes en colina. Cincuenta y una ratas Wistar macho recién destetadas fueron divididas en dos grupos: treinta y una fueron alimentadas con una dieta colino deficiente y el resto con colina suplementada ad-libitum. Los animales de ambos grupos fueron sacrificados entre el quinto y el octavo día. Se midió la concentración de urea, creatinina y homocisteína en sangre. Los ojos fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz, microscopía óptica de alta resolución y para el estudio de la retina como retina plana. Los riñones fueron estudiados por microscopía de luz. Las ratas suplementadas con colina no mostraron lesiones oculares o renales. Las colino deficientes que mostraron lesiones renales, necrosis tubular o cortical, no siempre tuvieron cambios oculares. No se encontraron cambios oculares en la única rata deficiente en colina sin lesión renal. Los cambios oculares consistieron principalmente en hemorragia enambas cámaras, cuerpo ciliar y vítreo. La correlación entre la lesión ocular y renal (r=0.72, p<0.0001, CI 95%:0.48-0.86), lesión ocular y creatinina (r=0.86, p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.72-0.93) y lesión ocular y urea (r=0.70,p<0.0001, CI 95%: 0.44-0.85) fue positiva. La deficiencia de colina induce lesiones oculares luego del desarrollode la necrosis renal. La patología ocular podría ser debida a la inmadurez de los vasos oculares. El sistemahialoide, coroideo y retinal están involucrados
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Deficiência de Colina/patologia , Dieta , Traumatismos Oculares/patologia , Olho/ultraestrutura , Necrose do Córtex Renal/patologia , Necrose Tubular Aguda/patologia , Análise de Variância , Deficiência de Colina/complicações , Creatinina/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Traumatismos Oculares/complicações , Olho/irrigação sanguínea , Homocisteína/sangue , Necrose do Córtex Renal/etiologia , Necrose Tubular Aguda/etiologia , Ratos Wistar , Hemorragia Retiniana/etiologia , Hemorragia Retiniana/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ureia/sangueRESUMO
Atualmente, a necrose cortical é uma causa rara de insuficiência renal aguda. Sua freqüência tem sido cada vez menor, principalmente nos países desenvolvidos, em decorrência do menor número de casos de insuficiência renal aguda associados à gestação. Neste artigo, é descrito um caso de necrose cortical em placas, secundária a choque séptico por colangite e feita uma revisão da literatura pertinente.