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Introduction: Burkitt's lymphoma is a non- Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma whose cranial location is extremely rare. Clinical case: The case of a 35-year-old Peruvian man with a progressive parietal left cranial tumor is described. A biopsy with immunohistochemistry was performed for the diagnostic confirmation of Burkitt's lymphoma. First-line outpatient treatment with CODOX-M/IVAC was initiated, however, he stopped attending his treatment for 2 months. He returns, he is shown progression of the disease and is treated with rituximab, ifosfamide carboplatin and etoposide. Does not respond satisfactorily and dies. Conclusions: Burkitt's lymphoma is a very aggressive tumor that, if not treated in a timely manner, has high mortality, as happened with the patient in the case.

Introducción: El linfoma de Burkitt es un linfoma no Hodgkin de células B cuya ubicación craneal es extremadamente rara. Caso clínico: Se describe el caso de un hombre peruano de 35 años con una tumoración craneal parietal izquierda de crecimiento progresivo. Para la confirmación diagnóstica de linfoma de Burkitt se realizó una biopsia con inmunohistoquímica. Se inició tratamiento ambulatorio de primera línea con CODOX-M/IVAC, sin embargo, deja de acudir a su tratamiento por 2 meses. Retorna, se le evidencia progresión de la enfermedad y se le trata con rituximab, ifosfamida carboplatino y etopósido. No responde de forma satisfactoria y fallece. Conclusiones: El Linfoma de Burkitt es un tumor muy agresivo que si no es tratado oportunamente presenta alta mortalidad, tal como ocurrió con el paciente del caso.

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BACKGROUND: As the management of ventral skull-base pathology has transitioned from open to endonasal treatment, there has been an increased focus on the prevention and endoscopic endonasal management of internal carotid artery (ICA) and major vascular injury. The use of adenosine to induce transient hypotension or flow arrest has been previously described during intracranial aneurysm surgery; however, there have been no reports of the technique being used during endonasal skull-base surgery to achieve hemostasis following major vascular injury. METHODS: Case report (n = 1) and literature review. RESULTS: A 25-year-old female underwent attempted endoscopic endonasal resection of an advanced right-sided chondrosarcoma. During resection of the tumor, brisk arterial bleeding was encountered consistent with focal injury to the right cavernous ICA. Stable vascular hemostasis could not be achieved with tamponade. An intravenous bolus dose of adenosine was administered to induce a transient decrease in systemic blood pressure and facilitate placement of the muscle patch over the direct site of vascular injury. The patient subsequently underwent endovascular deconstruction of the right ICA. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported use of adenosine to induce transient hypotension for a major vascular injury sustained during endonasal skull-base surgery. Based on well-established safety data from neurosurgical application, adenosine has the potential to be used as a safe and effective adjunctive technique in similar endonasal circumstances and may represent an additional tool in the armamentarium of the skull-base surgeon. Surgeons should consider having adenosine available when a risk of ICA injury is anticipated.

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The case of a 27-year-old Hispanic female who presented with an occipito-parietal tumor after suffering trauma to the area. A physical examination revealed no tenderness to palpation and with evidence of healing ulcerations. The biopsy was consistent with a synovial sarcoma. A wide excision of the mass (15cm x 14cm x 6cm) followed by a pericranial flap was performed. A follow-up CT showed recurrence involving the parietal sagittal sinus. After a second biopsy the mass was determined to be a small-cell sarcoma, consistent with Ewing's sarcoma. Chemotherapy included 8 cycles of doxorubicin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide, with alternating cycles of etoposide and ifosfamide. A year later, a second wide excision of the mass was performed, followed by bilaminate skin substitute and skin graft placement for reconstruction of the soft-tissue defect. After chemotherapy, a follow-up PET scan showed no signs of re-uptake in any soft tissue or skeletal structures. After 2 years, the patient remains in complete remission.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Malignant tumors of the temporal bone are rare, with an estimated incidence of about 0.8-1.0 per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year. The vast majority of these tumors are squamous cell carcinomas and their treatment is eminently surgical. OBJECTIVE: This study is an attempt at systematizing the forms of clinical presentation, the therapeutic possibilities, and oncological outcomes of patients with malignant tumors of the temporal bone in a tertiary hospital in Portugal. METHODS: The authors present a retrospective study of temporal bone tumors treated and followed during otorhinolaryngology consultations between 2004 and 2014. A review of the literature is also included. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients included in the study, 16 had a primary tumor of the temporal bone, in most cases with squamous cell carcinoma histology. Of these, 13 patients were treated with curative intent that always included the surgical approach. Disease persistence was observed in one patient and local recurrence in five patients, on average 36.8 months after the initial treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical complexity of the temporal bone and the close associations with vital structures make it difficult to perform tumor resection with margins of safety and thus, tumor relapses are almost always local. A high level of suspicion is crucial for early diagnosis, and stringent and prolonged follow-up after treatment is essential for diagnosis and timely treatment of recurrances.

Resumo Introdução: Os tumores malignos do osso temporal são raros, com uma incidência estimada de cerca de 0,8-1 por milhão de habitantes por ano. A grande maioria são carcinomas espinocelulares e o seu tratamento é eminentemente cirúrgico. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo tentar sistematizar as formas de apresentação clínica, as possibilidades terapêuticas e os resultados oncológicos de doentes com tumores malignos do osso temporal num hospital terciário em Portugal. Método: Os autores apresentam um estudo retrospectivo de tumores do osso temporal tratados e acompanhados em consultas de otorrinolaringologia entre 2004 e 2014. É também apresentada uma revisão da literatura. Resultados: Dos 18 doentes incluídos no estudo, 16 apresentavam um tumor primário do osso temporal, na maioria dos casos com histologia de carcinoma espinocelular. Destes, 13 doentes foram submetidos a tratamento com intuito curativo que incluiu sempre uma abordagem cirúrgica. Verificou-se persistência da doença em 1 doente e recidiva local em 5 doentes, em média 36,8 meses após o tratamento inicial. Conclusões: A complexidade anatómica do osso temporal e as estreitas relações com estruturas de importância vital tornam difícil a exérese tumoral com margens de segurança, pelo que as recidivas tumorais são quase sempre locais. Um nível de suspeição elevado é fundamental para um diagnóstico precoce e o seguimento rigoroso e prolongado após o tratamento é essencial para o diagnóstico e tratamento oportuno das recidivas.

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Varios tumores pueden afectar el cráneo y la cavidade nasal de perros. La evaluación radiologica de estas regiones se solicita rutinariamente para ayudar em la evaluación de los huesos y estructuras de tejido blando, que proporciona información sobre la localización y la agresividad del tumor. A pesar de la aplicabilidad hay que conocer las limitaciones de las radiografias para elegir otras herramientas de diagnóstico para los pacientes con tumores craneales y / o nasales. Los objetivos de esta revisión son describir la anatomía radiográfica de los principales tumores que pueden afectar esas regiones y discutir los cambios radiográficos y limitaciones asociadas.

Several tumors can affect the skull and nasal cavities of dogs. Radiographic evaluation of these regions is routinely requested to assist in the evaluation of bones and soft tissue structures, providing information about the location and aggressiveness of the tumor. Despite of the applicability we must know the x-ray limitations to be prepared and choose other diagnostic tools for patients with cranial and/or nasal tumors. The aims of this review are to describe the radiographic anatomy of the major tumors that can affect the regions presented and discuss the radiographic changes and limitations associated.

Diversas neoplasias podem acometer o crânio e a cavidade nasal dos cães. A avaliação radiográfica dessas regiões pode ser requisitada para auxiliar na avaliação das estruturas ósseas e de tecidos moles, fornecendo informações quanto à agressividade e localização da neoplasia. Apesar da sua aplicabilidade devemos conhecer as suas limitações para determinar novas condutas diagnósticas em pacientes com neoplasias em crânio e/ou cavidade nasal. Os objetivos dessa revisão são descrever a anatomia radiográfica, as principais neoplasias que podem afetar as regiões apresentadas e as alterações e limitações radiográficas associadas às mesmas.

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Varios tumores pueden afectar el cráneo y la cavidade nasal de perros. La evaluación radiologica de estas regiones se solicita rutinariamente para ayudar em la evaluación de los huesos y estructuras de tejido blando, que proporciona información sobre la localización y la agresividad del tumor. A pesar de la aplicabilidad hay que conocer las limitaciones de las radiografias para elegir otras herramientas de diagnóstico para los pacientes con tumores craneales y / o nasales. Los objetivos de esta revisión son describir la anatomía radiográfica de los principales tumores que pueden afectar esas regiones y discutir los cambios radiográficos y limitaciones asociadas.(AU)

Several tumors can affect the skull and nasal cavities of dogs. Radiographic evaluation of these regions is routinely requested to assist in the evaluation of bones and soft tissue structures, providing information about the location and aggressiveness of the tumor. Despite of the applicability we must know the x-ray limitations to be prepared and choose other diagnostic tools for patients with cranial and/or nasal tumors. The aims of this review are to describe the radiographic anatomy of the major tumors that can affect the regions presented and discuss the radiographic changes and limitations associated.(AU)

Diversas neoplasias podem acometer o crânio e a cavidade nasal dos cães. A avaliação radiográfica dessas regiões pode ser requisitada para auxiliar na avaliação das estruturas ósseas e de tecidos moles, fornecendo informações quanto à agressividade e localização da neoplasia. Apesar da sua aplicabilidade devemos conhecer as suas limitações para determinar novas condutas diagnósticas em pacientes com neoplasias em crânio e/ou cavidade nasal. Os objetivos dessa revisão são descrever a anatomia radiográfica, as principais neoplasias que podem afetar as regiões apresentadas e as alterações e limitações radiográficas associadas às mesmas.(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Malignant tumors of the temporal bone are rare, with an estimated incidence of about 0.8-1.0 per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year. The vast majority of these tumors are squamous cell carcinomas and their treatment is eminently surgical. OBJECTIVE: This study is an attempt at systematizing the forms of clinical presentation, the therapeutic possibilities, and oncological outcomes of patients with malignant tumors of the temporal bone in a tertiary hospital in Portugal. METHODS: The authors present a retrospective study of temporal bone tumors treated and followed during otorhinolaryngology consultations between 2004 and 2014. A review of the literature is also included. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients included in the study, 16 had a primary tumor of the temporal bone, in most cases with squamous cell carcinoma histology. Of these, 13 patients were treated with curative intent that always included the surgical approach. Disease persistence was observed in one patient and local recurrence in five patients, on average 36.8 months after the initial treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical complexity of the temporal bone and the close associations with vital structures make it difficult to perform tumor resection with margins of safety and thus, tumor relapses are almost always local. A high level of suspicion is crucial for early diagnosis, and stringent and prolonged follow-up after treatment is essential for diagnosis and timely treatment of recurrances.

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Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are the most common lesions of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) corresponding to 76-91 % of the cases. Usually, these lesions present typical CT and MRI findings. Non-schwannomatous tumors restricted to the internal auditory meatus (IAM) are rare and their preoperative radiological diagnosis may be difficult. This article describes nine surgically treated intrameatal non-schwannomatous lesions (NSL) and reviews the literature. In the last 16 years, a total of 471 patients with diagnosis of VS were operated on in our department. Preoperatively, 42 patients had diagnosis of intrameatal schwannomas, but surgery revealed in nine cases NSL (3 meningiomas, 3 arachnoiditis/neuritis, 1 cavernoma, 1 vascular loop, and 1 arachnoid cyst). Most frequent symptoms presented by patients with NSL were hearing loss 89 % (8/9) of patients, tinnitus 78 % (7/9), and vertigo 33 % (3/9). Almost all lesions (8/9) presented MRI findings of isointense signal in T1W with contrast enhancement. The only exception was the arachnoid cyst with intracystic bleeding, which was hyperintense in T1W that is not enhanced with contrast. This series shows an occurrence of 21.4 % of non-schwannomatous tumors in 42 cases of lesions restricted to the IAM. Whenever a solely intrameatal enhanced tumor is detected, it is necessary to think about other diagnostic possibilities rather than VS. Therapeutic management may be changed, specially if radiosurgical treatment is considered.

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PURPOSE: Given the problems of overuse of medical technology and the current burden of health care cost in the United States, it is important to establish clear imaging guidelines to diagnose conditions such as juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF). This study compared the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of JOF and thus could aid establishing such guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiologic criteria were established by 2 radiologists to compare the efficacy of CT and MRI in the evaluation of JOF. The following parameters were compared: presence of a well-defined corticated border, presence of a well-delineated internal calcified component, fluid-to-fluid levels, and anatomic extent of the lesion. Six patients diagnosed with JOF of the craniofacial bones from 2002 to 2013 had preoperative CT and MRI studies available for review. RESULTS: After review of CT and MRI images, fluid-to-fluid levels and anatomic extent of the lesions were comparable on CT and MRI. However, the corticated borders and the internal calcified component were better defined on CT images, which also enabled for distinction between the 2 subtypes of JOF. No MRI characteristics were identified that allowed for this distinction. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, CT is an adequate and preferable imaging modality in the evaluation of JOF.

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Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la eficacia del consumo de arroz fortificado en el incremento de los niveles de hierro y otros micronutrientes en niños de 6 a 59 meses de edad, con la finalidad de evaluar su utilidad como intervención de salud pública. Métodos. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library y LILACS. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) que evaluaron el consumo de arroz fortificado comparado con placebo u otras formas de intervención sobre la mejora de los niveles de hierro y otros micronutrientes. Para evaluar la calidad metodológica, se utilizó la lista de verificación CONSORT®. El riesgo de sesgo de los estudios se evaluó según la metodología de la Colaboración Cochrane®. Resultados. Se incluyeron siete ECA en la revisión. Todos los estudios mostraron mejoras significativas en indicadores del estado nutricional de hierro en los grupos intervenidos, sin reportar efectos adversos. No se evidenció mejoría en los niveles de vitamina A, ni en los indicadores antropométricos de peso y talla como resultado secundario de la intervención. Los estudios incluidos mostraron calidad metodológica moderada. Conclusiones. La fortificación del arroz representó una estrategia de intervención eficaz para corregir la deficiencia de hierro en la población infantil menor de cinco años. Su implementación como medida de salud pública requiere estudios locales que evalúen su efectividad en intervenciones a largo plazo y en mayor escala.

Objective. To carry out a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of fortified rice consumption in terms of increasing levels of iron and other micro­nutrients in children aged 6-59 months, with a view to evaluating its usefulness as a public health intervention. Methods. A search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases. The review included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed the consumption of fortified rice, compared with a placebo or other forms of intervention, in terms of enhanced levels of iron and other micronutrients. The CONSORT® checklist was used to assess methodological quality. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using the Cochrane® Collaboration methodology. Results. Seven RCTs were included in the review. All the studies showed significant improvements in indicators of nutritional iron status in the intervention groups, without reporting adverse effects. There was no evidence of improvement in vitamin A levels or in anthropometric indicators of weight and height as a secondary result of the intervention. The included studies showed moderate methodological quality. Conclusions. Rice fortification was an effective intervention strategy to correct iron deficiency in children under age 5. For implementation as a public health measure, local studies are needed to assess its effectiveness in long-term and large-scale interventions.

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