RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To predict treatment-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) and second cancer 30-year absolute mortality risks (AMR30) for patients with mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma in a large multicentre radiation oncology network in Ireland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study includes consecutive patients treated for mediastinal lymphoma using chemotherapy and involved site radiotherapy (RT) 2016-2019. Radiation doses to heart, left ventricle, cardiac valves, lungs, oesophagus, carotid arteries and female breasts were calculated. Individual CVD and second cancer AMR30 were predicted using Irish background population rates and dose-response relationships. RESULTS: Forty-four patients with Hodgkin lymphoma were identified, 23 females, median age 28 years. Ninety-eight percent received anthracycline, 80% received 4-6 cycles ABVD. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) ± deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) was delivered, median total prescribed dose 30 Gy. Average mean heart dose 9.8 Gy (range 0.2-23.8 Gy). Excess treatment-related mean AMR30 from CVD was 2.18% (0.79, 0.90, 0.01, 0.13 and 0.35% for coronary disease, heart failure, valvular disease, stroke and other cardiac diseases), 1.07% due to chemotherapy and a further 1.11% from RT. Excess mean AMR30 for second cancers following RT were: lung cancer 2.20%, breast cancer in females 0.34%, and oesophageal cancer 0.28%. CONCLUSION: For patients with mediastinal lymphoma excess mortality risks from CVD and second cancers remain clinically significant despite contemporary chemotherapy and photon-RT. Efforts to reduce the toxicity of combined modality treatment, for example, using DIBH, reduced margins and advanced RT, e.g. proton beam therapy, should be continued to further reduce potentially fatal treatment effects.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Doença de Hodgkin , Linfoma , Neoplasias do Mediastino , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/efeitos adversos , Doença de Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Hodgkin/radioterapia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/epidemiologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/etiologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Suspensão da Respiração , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Órgãos em Risco/efeitos da radiação , Bleomicina , Dacarbazina , Doxorrubicina , Vimblastina , Coração/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias do Mediastino/etiologia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/radioterapia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por ComputadorRESUMO
Introducción: La cardiotoxicidad depende de varios factores y se manifiesta por las alteraciones cardiovasculares inducidas por los tratamientos oncoespecíficos en la función y morfología del corazón. Objetivo: Determinar las manifestaciones de cardiotoxicidad en pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que se incluyeron 79 pacientes tratados en el Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología de Cuba con irradiación tórax-mediastino, entre enero 2008 a diciembre 2014. La enfermedad de Hodgkin estaba presente en 54 pacientes y en 25, tumores del sistema nervioso central: meduloblastomas en 19 y tumores primarios neuroectodérmicos en 6 pacientes. A todos se les hizo historia clínica con examen físico, electrocardiograma de 12 derivaciones y ecocardiograma 2D pre- y postratamientos. Se analizaron las características demográficas y clínicas. Los enfermos con Hodgkin recibieron irradiación con intensidad de 2 400 centigray y de 2 340 los pacientes con tumores del sistema nervoso central; la poliquimioterapia se realizó con antraciclinas, vincristina, vinblastina y otros. Resultados: La edad promedio de todos los pacientes fue de 7 años con predominio del sexo masculino. No se registraron síntomas o signos de cardiotoxicidad. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie de pacientes la irradiación del área cardiaca aparentemente es bien tolerada, sin aparición temprana de cardiotoxicidad, ni en periodos de seguimiento de hasta 9 años. Aparecieron naúseas y leucopenias transitorias en algunos casos. No existió diferencias en las toxicidades en los grupos de tumores estudiados Es necesario mantener un seguimiento estrecho para descartar la aparición de cardiotoxicidad en años siguientes(AU)
Introduction: Cardiotoxicity depends on various factors and it is evident in cardiovascular alterations induced by oncologic treatments directed to the heart´s function and morphology. Objective: To determine the symptoms of cardiotoxicity in pediatric patients. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study in which there were included 79 patients treated in the Cuban Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology with thorax-mediastine irradiation from January 2008 to December 2014. Hodgkin disease was present in 54 patients, tumors of the central nervous system in 25, medulloblastomas in 19, and neuroectodermic primary tumors in 6. All the patients underwent physical examination, 12 -lead electrocardiogram and pre- and post-treatment 2D echocardiograms to include in the clinical records. The demographic and clinic characteristics were analyzed. Hodgkin disease's patients received irradiation with 2 400 cGy intensity and the patients presenting tumors in the central nervous system with 2 340 cGy. Polychemotherapy was carried out with antracyclines, vincristine, vinblastine and others. Results: Average age of all patients was 7 years with predominance of male sex. Symptoms of cardiotoxicity were not recorded. Conclusions: In the serie of analyzed patients, irradiation in the heart area was apparently well beared by the patients, without early appearance of cardiotoxicity, not even in follow up periods of 9 years. Transitory nausea and leucopenia appeared in some cases. There are no differences in the toxicities of the different tumour's groups studied. It is necessary to keep the regular follow up to rule out the appearence of cardiotoxicity in the next years(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Tórax/efeitos da radiação , Cardiotoxicidade/prevenção & controle , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias do Mediastino/radioterapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Intrathoracic sarcomas (ITS) are considered rare tumors and have a dismal prognosis. We investigated outcomes and risk factors for local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients with resected nonmetastatic ITS treated with or without adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) and/or chemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients from the Rare Cancer Network database were studied. A Kaplan-Meier estimate was used to assess survival curves, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess risk factors for LC, DFS, and OS. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2017, 121 patients met inclusion criteria. The primary site was lung in 30%, mediastinum in 34%, and pleura in 36%. Thirty-nine percent and 32% received RT and chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 34 months (range, 2-141). LC, DFS, and OS at 10 years were 52%, 18.7%, and 7.2%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, RT (P = .003) and R1 margin status (P = .041) retained a significant association with LC. Only R1 resection (P = .002) remained associated with an increased risk of death in multivariate analysis. Overall, 7 patients (6%) developed grade 3 treatment-related chronic toxicity events. CONCLUSIONS: This joint analysis revealed that OS remains modest in this group of patients, mainly given by the high risk of local and distant failure. Our results suggest that resected ITS can benefit from adjuvant RT.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pleurais/radioterapia , Doenças Raras/radioterapia , Sarcoma/radioterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Masculino , Neoplasias do Mediastino/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Mediastino/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Mediastino/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pleurais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pleurais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pleurais/cirurgia , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Doenças Raras/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Raras/mortalidade , Doenças Raras/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Sarcoma/mortalidade , Sarcoma/cirurgia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: We developed a controlled clinical trial to assess the efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant-involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) in patients with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma that achieved complete response after the patients were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and rituximab (R-CHOP-14). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between January 2001 and June 2004, 124 consecutive patients who were in complete remission after dose dense chemotherapy and rituximab administration (R-CHOP14) were randomly assigned to received IFRT (30 Gy). Sixty-three patients received IFR, and 61 patients did not (control group). RESULTS: The study aimed to include 182 patients in each arm but was closed prematurely because in a security analysis (June 2004), progression and early relapse were more frequent in patients that did not received IFRT. Patients were followed until March 2009, at which point actuarial curves at 10 years showed that progression free-survival was 72% in patients who received IFR and 20% in the control group (p < 0.001), overall survival was 72% and 31%, respectively (p < 0.001). Acute toxicity was mild and well tolerated. DISCUSSION: Adjuvant radiotherapy to sites of bulky disease was the only difference to have an improvement in outcome in our patients; the use of rituximab during induction did not improve complete response rates and did affect overall survival; patients who received rituximab but not IFRT had a worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The use of IFRT in patients with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma who achieved complete response remain as the best treatment available, even in patients that received rituximab during induction.
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/radioterapia , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Término Precoce de Ensaios Clínicos/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/mortalidade , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Masculino , Neoplasias do Mediastino/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Mediastino/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Mediastino/patologia , México , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Radioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Radioterapia Adjuvante/mortalidade , Rituximab , Vincristina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Doença cardíaca isquêmica é uma complicação rara e, só recentemente reconhecida, de irradiação mediastínica para tratamento de tumores nesta região. É relatado caso de uma mulher de 51 anos com angina do peito, rapidamente progressiva, em que o achado angiográfico foi representado por lesão suboclusiva ostial de tronco de coronária esquerda. A história pregressa era marcada por uso de radioterapia para tratamento de linfoma Hodgkin mediastínico, com íntima relação com ventrículo direito, ressecado cirurgicamente e tratado em seqüência com irradiação e quimioterapia, dois anos antes. A indução de estenoses coronarianas nesses pacientes pode ser dependente ou não de aterosclerose focal e é mediada, principalmente, por espessamento intimal decorrente de fibrose tissular, sem que haja alteração na camada média e com predileção pelas porções proximais (ostiais) das artérias principais. O reconhecimento desta condição (radioterapia torácica), como fator isolado e independente para doença coronariana, deve ser considerada na programação de medidas para prevenção, detecção e tratamento precoce.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença das Coronárias/etiologia , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/etiologia , Doença de Hodgkin/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/radioterapia , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Artéria Torácica InternaRESUMO
Treatment of patients with primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) remains controversial. We started a controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a conventional versus more intensive regimen of combined chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy to the mediastinum with the mantle technique. From 1989 to 1997, 68 patients diagnosed with previously untreated PMBCL, aged 18-65 years and negative for immunodeficiency virus test, were considered candidates to receive either conventional chemotherapy with CEOP-Bleo (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m(2), vincristine 1.4 mg/m(2), prednisone 40 mg/m(2), epirubicin 70 mg/m(2), and bleomycin 10 mg/m(2)) or mega CEOP-Bleo (cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m(2), epirubicin 120 mg/m(2), vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin at the same doses) every 21 days for six cycles, followed by radiotherapy to the mediastinum with the mantle technique (35-45 Gy, mean 38 Gy). Complete response (CR) rates were not statistically different: 64% [95 percent confidence interval (CI): 58 percent to 70 percent] for conventional arm vs 81 percent (95 CI: 77-86 percent) in the intensive group (p=0.2). However, failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) had statistical differences. At 5 years, actuarial FFS for patients treated with conventional chemotherapy was 51 percent (95 percent CI: 44-59 percent) compared to 70 percent (95 percent CI: 65-76 percent) in the intensive arm (p>0.01). OS rates were also different: 54 percent (95 percent CI: 48-57 percent) vs 70 percent (95 percent CI: 65-76 percent), respectively (p<0.01). Toxicity was mild and no therapy-related deaths were observed. At a median follow-up of 7.3 years, no second neoplasia or acute leukemia has been observed. The international prognostic index was not useful to define clinical risk in this selected group of patients. Multivariate analysis identified pleural and pericardial effusion and chemotherapy regimen as prognostic factors influencing FFS and OS. We feel that patients with PMBCL should be treated with more intensive, but not myeloablative chemotherapy, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy to achieve an improvement in outcome in this setting of patients. Patients with pleural or pericardial effusion are considered at high risk for failure with the actual programs of treatment and probably will be considered for experimental therapeutic approaches.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Bleomicina/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Epirubicina/uso terapêutico , Linfoma de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Mediastino/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Vincristina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Bleomicina/administração & dosagem , Bleomicina/efeitos adversos , Terapia Combinada , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Epirubicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B/radioterapia , Masculino , Neoplasias do Mediastino/radioterapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Prednisona/efeitos adversos , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Vincristina/administração & dosagem , Vincristina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Introduçäo: Diferentes tipos de massa podem se implantar em cada um dos compartimentos do mediastino, sendo convencional que elas sejam classificadas conforme a localizaçäo anatômica. Tais massas podem ter origem congênita, traumática, infecciosa, degenerativa ou neoplásica. O conhecimento da clínica, do sexo e da idade do paciente, bem como da localizaçäo e das características radiológicas da massa, é fundamental no manuseio das lesöes, uma vez que säo estes os fatores que definiräo o diagnóstico e a propedêutica a ser adotada. No estudo das massas mediastinais, a Radiografia de tórax é muito importante. A Tomografia Computadorizada de tórax e a Ressonância Nuclear Magnética devem ser utilizadas, bem como a Cintilografia pelo I131, para casos específicos. Procuramos dar ênfase ao tratamento cirúrgico para as lesöes ressecáveis. O tratamento quimio/radioterápico foi utilizado também para os casos em que näo foi possível a ressecçäo da massa e para os linfomas...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias do Mediastino/diagnóstico , Brasil , Neoplasias do Mediastino/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A leiomyosarcoma of the right pulmonary vein in a 43-year-old woman extended to the right atrial wall and compromised the posterior mitral leaflet. Successful surgical treatment was accomplished with a right pneumonectomy, partial resection of the left atrial wall, and mitral valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass. Six months later a mediastinal recurrence with extension to the left hemithorax was treated with resection and postoperative radiotherapy.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Cardíacas/cirurgia , Leiomiossarcoma/cirurgia , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Neoplasias Vasculares/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/cirurgia , Humanos , Leiomiossarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/patologia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Mediastino/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Invasividade Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Neoplasias Torácicas/patologia , Neoplasias Torácicas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Torácicas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Vasculares/patologiaRESUMO
Sesenta y seis pacientes en edades comprendidas entre 16 horas y 15 años recibieron tratamiento en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente "William Soler" de 1967 a 1988. Las lesiones encontradas fueron las siguientes: neuroblastoma, 11; ganglioneuroma, 6; ganglioneuroblastoma, 5; quiste broncógeno, 6; quiste enterógeno, 5;higroma quístico, 3;teratoma, 3; lipoma, 2; timoma linfocítico, 1; timoma teratomatosa, 1; timoma granulomatoso, 1; carcinoma indiferenciado del timo, 1; timolipoma, 12; hiperplasia del timo, 5; enfermedad de Hodgkin, 9 y linfosarcoma, 6.Veinte y ocho (42,4 %) tenían de 0 a 2 años y 38 (57,7 %) entre 3 y 15 años. En 31 pacientes (47%) la lesión se localizó en el mediastino posterior; en 14 (21 %) en el medio: en 16 (25,7%) se localizó en el anterior y en 5 (6%) ocupó más de un comportamiento mediastínico. Veinte y cuatro pacientes (36%) se mostraron asintomáticos. En los pacientes sintomáticos predominaron los sintomas respiratorios, entre ellos disnea, tos, cianosis e infecciones respiratorias repetidas. Hubo 29 tumores benignos (44 %) y 37 lesiones malignas (56%). Entre la lesiones benignas sobrevivieron 26 (90%) y entre las malignas 23 (62%). El diagnóstico se comprobó por toracotomía en 53 pacientes, por biopsia ganglionar en 12 y por necropsia en uno. El tratamiento de elección fue la cirugía, excepto en los linfomas. En los tumores malignos se usó radioterapia y poliquimioterapia