RESUMO
In this work, previously synthesized and characterized core-shell silica nanoparticles (FCSNP) functionalized with immobilized molecular bait, Cibacron blue, and a porous polymeric bis-acrylamide shell were incubated with pooled urine samples from adult women or men with normal weight, overweight or obesity for the isolation of potential biomarkers. A total of 30 individuals (15 woman and 15 men) were included. FCSNP allowed the capture of a variety of low molecular weight (LMW) proteins as evidenced by mass spectrometry (MS) and the exclusion of high molecular weight (HMW) proteins (>34 kDa) as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and 2D SDS-PAGE. A total of 36 proteins were successfully identified by MS and homology database searching against the Homo sapiens subset of the Swiss-Prot database. Identified proteins were grouped into different clusters according to their abundance patterns. Four proteins were found only in women and five only in men, whereas 27 proteins were in urine from both genders with different abundance patterns. Based on these results, this new approach represents an alternative tool for isolation and identification of urinary biomarkers.
Assuntos
Obesidade/urina , Proteinúria/urina , Proteômica , Adulto , Biomarcadores/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) are associated with low urinary pH and represent risk factors for nephrolithiasis, especially composed by uric acid. Acidogenic diets may also contribute to a reduction of urinary pH. Propensity for calcium oxalate precipitation has been shown to be higher with increasing features of the MS. OBJECTIVE: A retrospective evaluation of anthropometric and body composition parameters, MS criteria and the dietary patterns of overweight and obese calcium stone formers and their impact upon urinary pH and other lithogenic parameters was performed. METHODS: Data regarding anthropometry, body composition, serum and urinary parameters and 3-days dietary records were obtained from medical records of 102(34M/68F) calcium stone formers. RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between urinary pH, waist circumference and serum uric acid levels (males). The endogenous production of organic acids (OA) was positively correlated with triglycerides levels and number of features of MS (males), and with glucose, uric acid and triglycerides serum levels, and number of features of MS (females). No significant correlations were detected between Net Acid Excretion (NAE) or Potential Renal Acid Load of the diet with any of the assessed parameters. A multivariate analysis showed a negative association between OA and urinary pH. CONCLUSION: The endogenous production of OA and not an acidogenic diet were found to be independently predictive factors for lower urinary pH levels in calcium stone formers. Hypercalciuric and/or hyperuricosuric patients presented higher OA levels and lower levels of urinary pH.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Dieta , Cálculos Renais/metabolismo , Estado Nutricional , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/urina , Cálcio/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Cálculos Renais/química , Cálculos Renais/complicações , Cálculos Renais/urina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/urina , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/urina , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) are associated with low urinary pH and represent risk factors for nephrolithiasis, especially composed by uric acid. Acidogenic diets may also contribute to a reduction of urinary pH. Propensity for calcium oxalate precipitation has been shown to be higher with increasing features of the MS. Objective: A retrospective evaluation of anthropometric and body composition parameters, MS criteria and the dietary patterns of overweight and obese calcium stone formers and their impact upon urinary pH and other lithogenic parameters was performed. Methods: Data regarding anthropometry, body composition, serum and urinary parameters and 3-days dietary records were obtained from medical records of 102(34M/68F) calcium stone formers. Results: A negative correlation was found between urinary pH, waist circumference and serum uric acid levels (males). The endogenous production of organic acids (OA) was positively correlated with triglycerides levels and number of features of MS (males), and with glucose, uric acid and triglycerides serum levels, and number of features of MS (females). No significant correlations were detected between Net Acid Excretion (NAE) or Potential Renal Acid Load of the diet with any of the assessed parameters. A multivariate analysis showed a negative association between OA and urinary pH. Conclusion: The endogenous production of OA and not an acidogenic diet were found to be independently predictive factors for lower urinary pH levels in calcium stone formers. Hypercalciuric and/or hyperuricosuric patients presented higher OA levels and lower levels of urinary pH.
RESUMO Introdução: A obesidade e a Síndrome Metabólica (SM) se associam a pH urinário ácido e representam fatores de risco para litíase renal, especialmente a úrica. Dietas acidogênicas também podem contribuir para a redução do pH urinário. Já foi demonstrado maior risco de precipitação de oxalato de cálcio em proporção aos critérios de SM. Objetivo: Avaliar retrospectivamente o impacto de parâmetros antropométricos, composição corporal, critérios de SM e padrão alimentar sobre o pH urinário e outros parâmetros litogênicos em pacientes com sobrepeso e obesos com litíase cálcica. Métodos: Foram coletados dados de antropometria, composição corporal, exames séricos e urinários, e registros alimentares (3 dias) de 102 (34M/68F) pacientes com litíase cálcica. Resultados: O pH urinário se correlacionou negativamente com a circunferência da cintura e ácido úrico sérico (homens). A produção endógena de ácidos orgânicos (AO) se correlacionou positivamente com os triglicérides séricos e o número de critérios de SM (homens), e com glicemia, ácido úrico, triglicérides e número de critérios para SM (mulheres). Não se observaram correlações significantes entre a excreção renal líquida de ácidos (NAE) e o potencial de carga ácida renal (PRAL) da dieta com nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Na análise de regressão multivariada, os AO apresentaram associação negativa significante com o pH urinário. Conclusão: A produção endógena de AO, e não um padrão de dieta acidogênica, foi o fator determinante independente para menores níveis de pH urinário em pacientes com litíase cálcica. Pacientes com hipercalciúria e/ou hiperuricosúria apresentaram maiores valores de AO e menores de pH urinário.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Úrico/urina , Cálculos Renais/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Dieta , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Cálculos Renais/complicações , Cálculos Renais/urina , Cálculos Renais/química , Cálcio/análise , Estado Nutricional , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/urina , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/urinaRESUMO
There has been substantial interest in phytoestrogens, because of their potential effect in reducing cancer and heart disease risk. Measuring concentrations of phytoestrogens in urine is an alternative method for conducting epidemiological studies. Our objective was to evaluate the urinary excretion of phytoestrogens as biomarkers for dietary phytoestrogen intake in Mexican women. Participants were 100 healthy women from 25 to 80 years of age. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24 h recall were used to estimate habitual and recent intakes of isoflavones, lignans, flavonols, coumestrol, resveratrol, naringenin, and luteolin. Urinary concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) using the electrospray ionization interface (ESI) and diode array detector (DAD) (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS). Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations between dietary intake and urine concentrations. The habitual consumption (FFQ) of total phytoestrogens was 37.56 mg/day. In urine, the higher compounds were naringenin (60.1 µg/L) and enterolactone (41.7 µg/L). Recent intakes (24 h recall) of isoflavones (r = 0.460, p < 0.001), lignans (r = 0.550, p < 0.0001), flavonoids (r = 0.240, p < 0.05), and total phytoestrogens (r = 0.410, p < 0.001) were correlated to their urinary levels. Total phytoestrogen intakes estimated by the FFQ showed higher correlations to urinary levels (r = 0.730, p < 0.0001). Urinary phytoestrogens may be useful as biomarkers of phytoestrogen intake, and as a tool for evaluating the relationship of intake and disease risk in Mexican women.
Assuntos
Dieta Saudável , Cardiopatias/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Cooperação do Paciente , Fitoestrógenos/administração & dosagem , Fitoestrógenos/urina , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/urina , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Feminino , Cardiopatias/epidemiologia , Cardiopatias/etnologia , Cardiopatias/urina , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/etnologia , Neoplasias/urina , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/etnologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Obesidade/urina , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/etnologia , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso/urina , Cooperação do Paciente/etnologia , Prevalência , RiscoRESUMO
Mexico is considered as a nutritional transition country with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, and recent studies have reported a high iodine intake in children. Both high iodine intake and obesity have been associated with thyroid dysfunction. Our aim was to assess iodine and salt intake and thyroid function in Mexican schoolchildren with normal weight and obesity. A cross-sectional study was performed during 2012-2013 in schoolchildren from Queretaro, Mexico. Six hundred seventy-eight schoolchildren were evaluated to obtain nutrition status, urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid volume (TVol). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 47.3 %, the median UIC was 428 µg/L and TVol was normal in all schoolchildren; however, obese girls had a higher TVol than normal weight at the age of 8, 10 and 12 years. A subsample of schoolchildren was divided in 6-8 and 9-12-year-old groups, in order to compare thyroid function (thyrotropin, free T4, and anti-thyroid antibodies); iodine and salt intake were estimated with 24-h urinary samples. No differences in thyroid function were observed in both age groups. In the 6-8-year-old group, obese schoolchildren had higher iodine intake than normal-weight children (415.5 vs. 269.1 µg/day, p < 0.05), but no differences in salt intake. In contrast, in the 9-12-year-old group, obese schoolchildren had higher salt intake than normal-weight children (6.2 vs. 3.8 g/day, p < 0.05), but no differences in iodine intake. Dietary patterns could explain the differences between both age groups. Further studies are needed to identify the main sources of iodine intake in Mexican populations.
Assuntos
Iodo/administração & dosagem , Obesidade/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Iodo/urina , Masculino , México , Obesidade/urina , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/urina , Testes de Função TireóideaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate interchangeability of two tests to diagnose Cushing's syndrome. We compared 10:00-11:00 PM urinary free cortisol/creatinine ratio (UFC/Cr) with late night 11:00 PM salivary cortisol (LNSC) in normal and obese controls vs. patients with Cushing's syndrome. Mean UFC/Cr did not differ between 69 normal and 62 obese controls (9.9 ± 7.9 vs. 9.7 ± 9.3) whereas 116 Cushing's patients had significantly higher values (277.0 ± 318.0; z: -11.1 and -10.2, respectively; p < 0.001). LNSC was 1.9 ± 1.2 nmol/l in 44 normal and 2.5 ± 1.6 in 45 obese subjects with no differences between them, but was significantly higher in 47 Cushing's patients (24.8 ± 23.3; z: -7.22 and -6.96, respectively, p < 0.001). Comparison of UFC/Cr and LNSC in samples obtained simultaneously showed that UFC/Cr was 12.0 ± 8.7 ng cortisol/mg creatinine in 34 normal, 12.3 ± 8.9 in 40 obese and 319.5 ± 333.4 in 35 CS subjects (p < 0.001 vs. normal and obese), whereas LNSC was 1.8 ± 1.2 nmol/l in normal, 2.6 ± 1.7 in obese and 24.6 ± 17.4 in CS patients (p < 0.001 vs. normal and obese); ROC curves showed comparable high sensitivity and specificity figures for the diagnosis of CS. We concluded that UFC/Cr test is easy to perform, readily available in routine laboratories, has high sensitivity and specificity, and offers a valuable alternative to LNSC in the study of Cushing's syndrome.
Assuntos
Creatinina/urina , Síndrome de Cushing/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Cushing/urina , Hidrocortisona/urina , Saliva/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ritmo Circadiano , Estudos Transversais , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Endócrino/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/urina , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of a cohort of patients with lung-dominant connective tissue disease (LD-CTD). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) results (≥ 1/320), with or without specific autoantibodies, and at least one clinical feature suggestive of connective tissue disease (CTD). RESULTS: Of the 1,998 patients screened, 52 initially met the criteria for a diagnosis of LD-CTD: 37% were male; the mean age at diagnosis was 56 years; and the median follow-up period was 48 months. During follow-up, 8 patients met the criteria for a definitive diagnosis of a CTD. The remaining 44 patients comprised the LD-CTD group, in which the most prevalent extrathoracic features were arthralgia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Raynaud's phenomenon. The most prevalent autoantibodies in this group were ANA (89%) and anti-SSA (anti-Ro, 27%). The mean baseline and final FVC was 69.5% and 74.0% of the predicted values, respectively (p > 0.05). Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia patterns were found in 45% and 9% of HRCT scans, respectively; 36% of the scans were unclassifiable. A similar prevalence was noted in histological samples. Diffuse esophageal dilatation was identified in 52% of HRCT scans. Nailfold capillaroscopy was performed in 22 patients; 17 showed a scleroderma pattern. CONCLUSIONS: In our LD-CTD group, there was predominance of females and the patients showed mild spirometric abnormalities at diagnosis, with differing underlying ILD patterns that were mostly unclassifiable on HRCT and by histology. We found functional stability on follow-up. Esophageal dilatation on HRCT and scleroderma pattern on nailfold capillaroscopy were frequent findings and might come to serve as diagnostic criteria. .
OBJETIVO: Descrever as características de uma coorte de pacientes com colagenose pulmão dominante (CPD). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com doença pulmonar intersticial (DPI), anticorpo antinuclear (ANA) positivo (≥ 1/320), com ou sem autoanticorpos específicos, e com a presença de ao menos uma manifestação clínica sugestiva de doença do tecido conjuntivo (DTC). RESULTADOS: Dos 1.998 avaliados, 52 preencheram inicialmente os critérios para o diagnóstico de CPD: 37% eram homens; a média de idade ao diagnóstico era de 56 anos e a mediana do tempo de seguimento era de 48 meses. Durante o seguimento, 8 pacientes preencheram os critérios para um diagnóstico definitivo de DTC. Os 44 pacientes restantes formaram o grupo CPD, no qual as manifestações extratorácicas mais prevalentes foram artralgia, doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e fenômeno de Raynaud. Os autoanticorpos mais prevalentes nesse grupo foram ANA (89%) e anti-SSA (anti-Ro, 27%). A média de CVF no início e na última avaliação foi de 69,5% e 74,0% do predito, respectivamente (p > 0,05). Pneumonia intersticial não específica e pneumonia intersticial usual foram identificadas em 45% e 9% das TCARs, respectivamente; 36% das TCARs eram não classificáveis. Uma prevalência semelhante foi identificada na histologia. Dilatação esofágica difusa foi identificada em 52% das TCARs. Capilaroscopia subungueal foi realizada em 22 pacientes; 17 apresentavam um padrão de esclerodermia. CONCLUSÕES: No grupo CPD, houve predominância feminina, e os pacientes apresentaram alterações espirométricas leves ao diagnóstico, com diferentes padrões de DPI, em sua maioria não classificáveis, tanto em TCAR como na histologia. Estabilidade funcional foi identificada no seguimento. A dilatação esofágica em TCAR e o padrão de esclerodermia na capilaroscopia subungueal foram achados frequentes que poderiam servir como critérios diagnósticos. .
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fígado Gorduroso/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , /genética , /metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Progressão da Doença , Fígado Gorduroso/complicações , Fígado Gorduroso/enzimologia , Fígado Gorduroso/urina , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Hidrocortisona/urina , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Modelos Biológicos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/urina , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Qbesity is a disease characterized by an abnormal accumulation body fat that results in neuroen-docrine changes that alter the homeostasis of sodium, producing an increased risk of hypertension in adulthood. objective: To evaluate the effect of obesity on urinary sodium excretion in children and adolescents. subjects and Methods: 266 male and female children in the age group of 5-15 years were studied: 154 obese (OB) with > 95th percentile of BMI, and 112 normal-weight patients (C) with percentile 5-85 of BMI, from the outpatient service of the Children Hospital, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina during the years 2008 -2009. The determinations of serum sodium (Na s) and 24-hour urine (Na ur) were performed using Ion Selective Electrode. The fractional excretion of sodium (FENa percent) was calculated. results: Na ur values (mEq/kg/day) and FENa percent reported significantly lower differences in the obese group compared to controls: OB Na ur 2.23 vs C Na ur 3.40 (p < 0.0001); OB FENa percent 0.59 vs C FENa percent 0.71 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Results obtained in the present study showed that obese children have a significantly decreased urinary sodium excretion compared to normal weight children. This difference could be caused by renal retention of this ion.
Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad caracterizada por el aumento de grasa corporal, que genera modificaciones neuroendocrinas involucrando alteraciones en la homeostasis del sodio, que podrían generar hipertensión arterial en la adultez. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la obesidad sobre la excreción urinaria de sodio en niños y adolescentes. Pacientes y Método: Se estudiaron 266 niños de ambos sexos, entre 5 y 15 años: 154 obesos (OB) definidos como IMC percentil > 95, y 112 normopeso (C), IMC percentil 5-85, provenientes del Servicio de Consultorio Externo del Hospital de Pediatría-Posadas, Misiones, Argentina, durante los años 2008-2009. Las determinaciones de sodio en suero (Na s) y orina de 24 h (Na ur) se realizaron con electrodo ion selectivo. Se calculó la excreción fraccional de sodio (EFNa por ciento). Resultados: Los valores de Naur (mEq/ kg/día) y la EFNa por ciento significativamente menores en el grupo de obesos con respecto a los controles: Na ur QB 2,23 vs Na ur C 3,40 (p < 0,0001); EFNa por ciento OB 0,59 vs EFNa por ciento C 0,71 (p = 0,001). Conclusión: En el presente estudio los resultados mostraron que los niños y adolescentes obesos presentan una disminución significativa de la excreción urinaria de sodio respecto de los niños normopeso. Dicha diferencia podría estar generada por la retención renal de dicho ion.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Natriurese/fisiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Estudos Transversais , Obesidade/urina , RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between urinary pH and metabolic syndrome risk factors along with insulin resistance in obese adolescents, and to evaluate the relationship between other urinary stone-forming and -inhibiting markers and metabolic syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 46 obese adolescents were enrolled. Twenty-four hour and randomly obtained urine samples were analyzed for urinary pH, promoters of stone formation (ie, uric acid, oxalate, and relative saturation ratio of calcium oxalate [RSR-CaOx]), and inhibitors of stone formation (ie, citrate and osteopontin). Other data collected included height, weight, blood pressure, and fasting lipid, insulin, and glucose levels. RESULTS: The subjects had a mean age of 14.6±2.0 years and a mean body mass index of 36±6.3 kg/m(2). Random urine pH and the number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome were negatively correlated (r=-0.34; P=.02). RSR-CaOx was correlated with both homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score (r=0.38; P<.01) and number of risk factors for metabolic syndrome (r=0.47; P=.001) CONCLUSION: Decreased urinary pH and increased RSR-CaOx are associated with risk factors for metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents.
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Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Nefrolitíase/epidemiologia , Nefrolitíase/etiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/urina , Nefrolitíase/urina , Obesidade/urina , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may have increased cortisol (F) production caused by 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11ß-HSD1) in liver and adipose tissue and/or by HPA axis dysregulation. F is then mainly metabolized by liver reductases into inactive tetrahydrometabolites (THMs). We measured THM levels in patients with or without MetS and evaluate the correlation between THMs and anthropometric and biochemical parameters. We recruited 221 subjects, of whom 130 had MetS by ATP III. We evaluated F, cortisone (E), adipokines, glucose, insulin and lipid profiles as well as urinary (24h) F, E and THM levels. ß Cell function was estimated by the HOMA Calculator. We observed that patients with MetS showed higher levels of THMs, HOMA-IR and leptin and lower levels of adiponectin and HOMA-ß but no differences in F and E in plasma or urine. THM was associated with weight (r = +0.44, p<0.001), waist circumference (r = +0.38, p<0.01), glycemia (r = +0.37, p<0.01), and triglycerides (r = +0.18, p=0.06) and negatively correlated with adiponectin (r = -0.36, p<0.001), HOMA-ß (r = -0.21, p<0.001) and HDL (r = -0.29, p<0.01). In a logistic regression model, THM levels were associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. We conclude that MetS is associated with increased urinary THMs but not with F and E levels in plasma or urine. Increased levels of THM, reflecting the daily cortisol production subsequently metabolized, are correlated with hypoadiponectinemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and ß cell dysfunction. A subtle increased in glucocorticoid production may further account for the phenotypic and biochemical similarities observed in central obesity and Cushing's syndrome.