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Supplementation of Cv (clove) and Ts (tulsi) augments the growth rate and gut health of broilers. However, studies on their impact on the vital organs and male reproductive system remain scarce. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of Cv and Ts supplementation on hematological profiles, as well as the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, and testes of broilers, both morphologically and biometrically. Sixty one-day-old broiler chicks, divided into four homogenous groups (control-T0 and three supplement groups-T1, T2, and T3), were fed 0.5% Cv and 2% Ts (T1), 1% Cv and 3% Ts (T2), and 1.5% Cv and 4% Ts (T3) with drinking water for 21 d. Organ samples were collected on d 14 and d 28 for macroscopic and microscopic (hematoxylin and eosin stain) investigation. Cv and Ts didn't affect the hematological profile, organ weight gain, and their general histoarchitectures. However, the histomorphometric investigation showed an increased (p<0.05) parabronchus surface area of the lungs, size of the renal glomeruli, the diameter of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the kidney in the T1 and T2 groups, and size of the seminiferous tubules of the testes in group T1. These findings suggest that unlike antibiotic or steroid growth promoters (GPs), Cv and Ts have beneficial impacts on the vital organs as well as on the male gonad of broilers from the morphologic and biometric perspectives.(AU)

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The objective of the current work was to assess the effects of Tulsi plant powder on the health, growth and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail. In total, 300 quails (1-week old) were distributed into four treatment groups with five replicates each. The first group (T0) was a control group where a basal standard diet was offered to the birds. Groups T0.5, T1 and T1.5 were supplemented with Tulsi plant powder at a rate of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, respectively. Data were analyzed in SPSS software by applying one-way ANOVA and significant and notable means were analyzed through Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Dietary supplementation of T1.5 significantly (p≤0.05) increased the feed intake, body weight, gain in weight and presented a better feed conversion ratio. Significantly higher glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, WBCs, RBCs and HCT were observed in the quails from T1 than in the control group (p≤0.05). However, the quails from T1.5 had significantly (p≤0.05) higher hemoglobin, MCV, platelets and total protein contents. On the other hand, the T0 group was only higher in LDL contents. Non-significant (p>0.05) in MCH, MCHC, triglyceride, VLDL were noted among the experimental groups. It was concluded that the dietary supplementation of Tulsi plant powder at 1.5 % is beneficial for improving the growth performance and can be used in the diet of Japanese quail without compromising the health status and carcass traits.(AU)

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Ocimum sanctum L. (albahaca morada) es una especie medicinal tradicional con efecto hipoglucemiante y otros de interés terapéutico. OBJETIVOS: optimizar una tecnología de obtención de extracto acuoso de O. sanctum y analizar la influencia de los parámetros de proceso. MÉTODOS: se estudió el efecto de 3 variables en el proceso de obtención del extracto acuoso de las hojas y su optimización a partir de la maximización de los sólidos totales en el extracto y los valores de recobrados, obtenidos en un reactor cilíndrico de laboratorio con geometría desescalada de un reactor industrial. El estudio de superficie de respuesta realizado, utiliza un diseño híbrido con 11 experimentos, logra analizar 3 factores en 5 niveles y da una respuesta adecuada a la necesidad de determinar la influencia de las variables de proceso y los valores óptimos para la extracción. RESULTADOS: la relación droga disolvente resultó ser la variable analizada que influyó con mayor significación en la extracción, aunque todas fueron significativas; y 100 ºC de temperatura, relación droga/disolvente (1:11) y 3 h de agitación, resultaron ser los parámetros óptimos de operación, para el procedimiento propuesto. CONCLUSIONES: se determinó cuáles de los factores estudiados tenían influencia sobre el proceso, se demostró su significación y, además, se logró optimizar una tecnología de obtención de extracto acuoso de O. sanctum determinando los valores más adecuados para los parámetros de operación.

INTRODUCTION: Ocimum sanctum L. (albahaca morada) is a traditional medicinal herb with hypoglycaemic action and other therapeutic effects.OBJECTIVES: to optimize a technique for obtaining aqueous extract from O. sanctum and to analyze the impact of the process parameters. METHODS: the effect of three variables in the process of obtaining aqueous extract from O. sanctum leaves was studied along with the optimization of this technique on the basis of maximizing the number of total solids present in the extract and the recovery values by using a lab cylindrical reactor with de-scaled geometry of an industrial reactor. The response surface study used hybrid design of eleven experiments, managed to analyze 3 factors at five levels and adequately responded to the need of finding out the impact of the process variables and the optimal extraction values. RESULTS: drug-solvent ratio was the most influential variable, being the most significant in the extraction, although all of them were significant. Also, 100 ºC temperature, drug/solvent ratio (1:11) and three hours for shaking were the optimal operational parameters for the suggested process. CONCLUSIONS: the factors having the highest impact on the process and their significance were found. Additionally, the technique to obtain O. sanctum aqueous extract was optimized by estimating the most adequate values for operational parameters.

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Se realizó el estudio de la acción hipoglicemiante de Ocimum sanctus (Albahaca morada), Notholaena nivea (Cuti-Cuti), Geranuim lechleri (Pasuchaca) y Smallantus sonchifolius (Yacón), frente a la hiperglicemia aloxánica, tanto de los extractos atomizados, como del pool de alcaloides, de cada una de las plantas. Igualmente, se determinó la DL50 del extracto atomizado y de los alcaloides de las cuatro plantas evaluadas. La toxicidad aguda se determinó en ratones albinos, cepa nihs, cuyos pesos oscilaron entre 25 y 30 g. La acción hipoglicemiante, fue evaluada en ratas albinas cepa holtzman, de 200 a 250 g de peso. Tanto los extractos atomizados, como los alcaloides de Cuti-Cuti, Pasuchaca y hojas de Yacón, mostraron un excelente efecto hipoglicemiante, frente a la hiperglicemia inducida por aloxano. Las tres plantas poseen escasa toxicidad aguda, y según los criterios de Williams podrían considerarse como plantas prácticamente atóxicas. Sin embargo, solamente el pool de alcaloides de Albahaca a la dosis de 250 mg/ kg de peso, mostró una escasa acción hipoglicemiante, no mostrando eficacia la dosis de 500mg/kg, del pool de alcaloides, ni el atomizado de la planta, a la dosis de 1000 mg/kg de peso.

The study of the hypoglicemic action of Ocimum sanctum (Albahaca morada), Notholaena nivea (Cuti-Cuti), Geranuim lechleri (Pasuchaca) and Smallantus sonchifolius (Yacón), was performed on alloxan-induced hyperglicemic rats. In addition, atomized extracts and the pool of alkaloids, of the different plants were studied. To evaluate acute toxicity, DL50 of the atomized extract and of the alkaloids on the four plants were determined using albino mice, whose weights oscillated between 25 and 30 g. The hypoglycemic action, was evaluated in Holtzman albino rats, of 200 to 250 g of weight. The atomized extracts, as well as the alkaloids of Cuti-Cuti, Pasuchaca and leaves of Yacón, showed an excellent hypoglicemic effect in the hyperglicemic alloxaninduced rats. These three plants have little acute toxicity and according to the Williams` criteria they could be considered as practically non toxic. On the other hand only the pool of alkaloids of Albahaca, at the dose of 250 mg/kg showed little hypoglicemic action. No hypoglicemic effect was observed with the albahaca alkaloids at the dose of 500mg/kg nor with the atomized extract of the plant at the dose of 1000 mg/kg.

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