RESUMO
This study further investigated the mechanisms underlying the rat model of tooth pulp inflammatory pain elicited by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), in comparison to other pulpitis models. Pulps of the left maxillary first molars were accessed. In the CFA group, the pulps were exposed, and CFA application was followed by dental sealing. In the open group, the pulps were left exposed to the oral cavity. For the closed group, the pulps were exposed, and the teeth were immediately sealed. Naïve rats were used as negative controls. Several parameters were evaluated at 1, 2, 3 and 8 days. There was no statistical significant difference among the groups when body weight variation, food or water consumption were compared. Analysis of serum cytokines (IL-1ß, TNF or IL-6) or differential blood cell counts did not reveal any evidence of systemic inflammation. The CFA group displayed a significant reduction in the locomotor activity (at 1 and 3 days), associated with an increased activation of satellite glial cells in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion (TG; for up to 8 days). Amygdala astrocyte activation was unaffected in any experimental groups. We provide novel evidence indicating that CFA-induced pulp inflammation impaired the locomotor activity, with persistent activation of ipsilateral TG satellite cells surrounding sensory neurons, without any evidence of systemic inflammation or amygdala astrogliosis.
Assuntos
Polpa Dentária , Adjuvante de Freund/efeitos adversos , Células Satélites Perineuronais , Odontalgia , Gânglio Trigeminal , Tonsila do Cerebelo/metabolismo , Tonsila do Cerebelo/patologia , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiopatologia , Animais , Citocinas/metabolismo , Polpa Dentária/metabolismo , Polpa Dentária/patologia , Polpa Dentária/fisiopatologia , Adjuvante de Freund/farmacologia , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/fisiopatologia , Locomoção , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Células Satélites Perineuronais/metabolismo , Células Satélites Perineuronais/patologia , Odontalgia/induzido quimicamente , Odontalgia/metabolismo , Odontalgia/patologia , Odontalgia/fisiopatologia , Gânglio Trigeminal/metabolismo , Gânglio Trigeminal/patologia , Gânglio Trigeminal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Technological innovations in dental materials have been fueled by the desire of patients to improve the esthetics of their teeth. This emphasis on esthetics has led dentists to seek resources that respect the standards established by society, but without compromising the integrity of the teeth. METHODS/DESIGN: The aim of the proposed controlled clinical trial will be to assess colorimetric changes and increased dental sensitivity in adolescent patients submitted to tooth whitening with 6% and 7.5% hydrogen peroxide using home kits with whitening strips. Adolescents aged 12 to 20 years will be allocated to different groups based on treatment (n = 16 per group): (1) placebo; (2) 6.0% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with Calcium, FGM); (3) 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with Calcium, FGM); and (4) 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (Oral B 3D White, Oral-B). After the whitening procedures, the participants will be evaluated using a visual analog scale for tooth sensitivity and digital spectrophotometry to measure changes in color. Descriptive analysis of the data will be performed. Either the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test will be used for the determination of associations among the categorical variables. Student's t-test and analysis of variance will be used to compare mean colorimetric data. Pearson's correlation coefficients will be calculated to determine the strength of correlations among the continuous variables. DISCUSSION: This randomized trial will provide an opportunity to evaluate products such as whitening strips in comparison to other self-administered methods, especially in adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol for this study was submitted to Clinical Trials in November 2013 with registration number NCT01998386.