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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a dispensing device specially developed to standardize the amount of fluoride dentifrice to be delivered on the toothbrush. The amount and variability of dentifrice applied using this device were compared with recommendations to apply dentifrice amounts equivalent to "rice size" or "pea-size". Material and Methods: Two dentifrices, one used by children (NaF/Silica-based) and one used by the entire family (MFP/CaCO3-based), and five methods to apply them on the toothbrush (pea and rice sizes, and three different amounts using the developed device) were tested by 12 volunteers. The amount of dentifrice placed on the toothbrush was weighed, and the experiment was repeated three times. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: No differences were observed between the dentifrices used (p>0.05), but the method of application significantly affected the amount of dentifrice applied (p<0.05). Smaller amounts (p<0.05) and less variability were observed when the volunteers used the dispenser device than when they were asked to apply a pea or rice size. Conclusion: The device can help parents and caregivers to safely use fluoride dentifrice on children.

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Objetivo: evaluar el grado de educación, prevención e importanciadental en caries y enfermedad periodontal en padres de familia de niños de primaria de la ciudad de León, Guanajuato. Material y métodos:En este estudio descriptivo, transversal y observacional se hizo una encuesta a 1,249 padres de familia de niños de seis diferentes escuelas primarias que constó de 18 preguntas enfocadas en la educación, prevención e importancia dental. Se estableció una comparación entre padres de familia con niños de escuelas públicas y privadas, así como entre el grado de estudios de los padres de familia con su propio grado de educación y prevención dental. Resultados: Se observó un grado moderado de prevención dental (48.04 por ciento de educación dental (49.48 por ciento), la mayoría da importancia a los dientes deciduos (87.43 por ciento); 65.89 por ciento de los padres consideró sus propios dientes como muy importantes, 8.02 por ciento, moderadamente importantes, 5.12 por ciento, poco importantes y 0.96 por ciento nada importantes. También afi rman que la salud dental tienela misma importancia que la salud sistémica (98.88 por ciento). Hubo máspadres de familia de niños de escuelas privadas en los niveles altos deprevención y educación dental que de escuelas públicas. Asimismo, seobservó que en el nivel alto de educación y prevención dental, cuantomayor era el grado de estudios de los padres de familia, mayor cantidadde ellos se encontraban en estos niveles. Conclusiones: Dado que hayun alto grado de educación dental y uno moderado de prevención, sedetectó que no se lleva a la práctica lo que se sabe, aun cuando se da gran importancia a los dientes, por lo que sería conveniente diseñar un método para asegurar que se apliquen las medidas preventivas e indagar las causas por las que se omiten.

Objective: to evaluate the level of dental education, prevention, andthe importance of caries and periodontal disease in parents of primarylevel children in the city of León, Gto. Material and methods: Inthis descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study, a surveywas applied to 1,249 parents whose children study in six diff erentprimary schools. The survey had 18 questions about dental education,prevention, and importance. A comparison was made between parentswhose children study in private and public schools and between thelevel of studies of parents in the level of dental education and dentalprevention. Results: It was found a moderate level of dental prevention(48.04%) and a high level of dental education (49.48%), almost allparents think that temporal teeth are important (87.43%); 65.89% ofthe parents considered their own teeth as «very important¼, 28.02%as «moderately important¼, 5.12% as «little important¼ and 0.96% as«no important¼. They also affi rm that dental health is as important assystemic health (98.88%). There were more parents with children fromprivate schools with high levels of dental prevention and education thanchildren from public schools. It was also observed that in the high levelof dental education and prevention, the higher the level of studies werein parents, the most of them were found in those levels. Conclusions:Due to the high level of dental education, and a moderate level ofprevention, it was observed that people don’t practice what they know,even though they think teeth are important, so it would be convenientto design a method to assure that preventive measures are done andfi nd out the reasons why they are not taking place.

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Objetivo: Describir nivel de conocimiento, actitud y práctica de medidas básicas de prevención en salud oral en odontólogos que asistieron al VI Congreso Paraguayo de Endodoncia en el año 2011.Metodología: Estudio transversal, a través de una encuesta autoaplicada validada que contenía preguntas básicas referentes a Odontología Preventiva. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 173 profesionales, con una mediana de 33 años,62,4% con 1 a 12 años de ejercicio en la profesión y 58,4% procedían de universidades públicas.El 57,8% de los encuestados demostró tener muy buenos niveles de conocimiento,de actitud en el 46,8%y38,2%en práctica.La aplicación de medidas de prevención produjo en el 64,2% de los encuestados satisfacción personal. Respecto a las medidas de control de placa, las técnicas más difundidas fueron:cepillado de Bass 80,4%,método del lazo para el hilo dental 53,8% y el flúor se aplica en el 76,9% en su presentación de enjuagues bucales. Se encontró una fuerte asociación entre el conocimiento y la actitud (OR=4,3;p<0,0001) y entre la actitud y la práctica (OR=2,3;p=0,0162) Conclusión: La práctica de la filosofía preventiva se halla condicionada por la actitud y ésta a su vez depende del conocimiento constituyéndose componentes esenciales para la mejora del estado de salud de una población. Palabras claves: Conocimiento, Odontología Preventiva, Odontólogos.

Objective: To describe the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of basic preventive measures in oral health acquired by dentists who attended the VI Paraguayan Congress of Endodontics in 2011. Methods: Cross-sectional study by a validated self-administered survey containing basic questions regarding to Preventive Dentistry. Results: The study comprised 173 professionals, with an average age of 33 years old, 62.4 % with 1-12 years of practice in the profession and almost 58.4 % were from public universities. Whatsmore, 57.8 % of respondents proved to have very good levels of knowledge, 46.8 % of them proved it in attitude and 38.2 % in practice. The application of preventive measures gave to 64.2% of respondents a personal satisfaction. Concerning plaque control measures, the most widely used techniques were: 80.4 % Bass brushing, 53.8 % in a method to tie dental floss and fluoride applies to 76.9% in its presentation of rinses mouth. Furthermore, it has been found a strong association between attitude and practice (OR = 2.3, p = 0.0162) and between knowledge and attitude (p < 0.0001 OR = 4.3) Conclusion: the practice of prevention philosophy is based on the attitude and this in turn depends on knowledge. Therefore, attitude and knowledge are essential components in order to improve the health status of a population. Keywords: Knowledge, Preventive Dentistry, Dental.

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This study evaluated the effect of dental education on oral health-related attitudes and behavior of students in a five-year dental program in Peru. A survey using the Hiroshima University-Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI), which consists of twenty dichotomous responses (agree-disagree) regarding oral health behavior and attitudes, was completed by Year 1 and Year 5 dental students at the Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega in Lima, Peru. A total of 153 Year 1 students and 120 Year 5 students responded to the Spanish version of the HU-DBI questionnaire. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses. Compared to the Year 1 students, the Year 5 dental students were more likely to agree with questions such as "I think I can clean my teeth well without using toothpaste" (OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.58); "I have used a dye to see how clean my teeth are" (OR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.10-0.36); and "I have had my dentist tell me that I brush very well" (OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.69). Overall, the data showed that the curriculum in this dental school in Peru resulted in more positive oral health-related attitudes and behavior among Year 5 dental students compared to those of Year 1 dental students.

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Las reformas en salud en Latinoamérica han fomentado la privatización de los tratamientos en salud, estando asíel acceso a los servicios acorde al poder adquisitivo del individuo. Actualmente, las patologías bucales representan un problema prioritario en salud pública. Comunidades desfavorecidas económicamente tienden a acumular niveles de salud bucal deteriorados. Para reducir las desigualdades en salud bucal, las estrategias y recursos deben considerar las diferencias entre comunidades, promoviendo la odontología preventiva primaria desde una perspectiva comunitaria; teniendo en cuenta aspectos biológicos, contexto social, cultural, económico, ambiental y acceso a los sistemas de atención en salud. Para ello la educación y el cambio de conducta tienen un papel preponderante. La Universidad como componente de la sociedad, tiene como misión participar en la cultura y aportar soluciones a los problemas sociales, articulando la formación en salud bucal comunitaria con la docencia, investigación y extensión, de manera a formar profesionales orientados en la atención de necesidades de la población. La metodología de la investigación científica debe facilitar y contribuir en la generación de nuevos conocimientos que aporten soluciones concretas al mejoramiento en salud bucal comunitaria. Es preciso emprender nuevos esfuerzos en la formación odontológica a nivel nacional. En tal sentido, se presenta una revisión de los aspectos fundamentales que conciernen a la desigualdad en salud, a la educación como punto de partida para la prevención, a la motivación humana y al cambio de conducta del individuo, incluyendo al rol de la Universidad en la propuesta de soluciones a problemas sociales. Palabras clave: Odontología Comunitaria -Educación en Salud Dental - Odontología Preventiva

Health reforms in Latin America have encouraged the privatization of treatments, thus, access to services are dependent of the individual's purchasing power. Oral pathologies currently represent a public health priority. Economically disadvantaged communities tend to present high levels of impaired oral health. In order to reduce inequalities in oral health, both strategies and resources should consider the differences between communities, promoting primary preventive dentistry from a community perspective, while taking into account biological, social, cultural, economic, and environmental aspects, as well as the access to health care systems. In this regard, education and behavioral changes have a major role. The University, as a component of society, has the mission to participate in culture and provide solutions to social problems, articulating community oral health education with teaching, research and extension, in order to form professionals focused on caring for the needs of the population. Scientific research methodology should facilitate and contribute to the generation of new knowledge that provides concrete solutions for the improvement of community oral health. New efforts on dental training nationwide need to be applied. In this regard, fundamental aspects of health inequality, education as a starting point for prevention, human motivation and individual behavioral change, including the role of the University role in the solution of social problems. Keywords: Community Dentistry -Health Education, Dental - Preventive Dentistry

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