RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Simple radiography in conjunction with pertinent medical history and a comprehensive physical examination is typically adequate for diagnosing chronic osteomyelitis (CO). However, radiographic manifestations of CO lack specificity; therefore, the concordance among specialists in this regard has not been systematically assessed. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the proficiency of orthopedic surgeons and radiologists in identifying radiographic indicators present in simple radiographs for diagnosing CO. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was a correlational investigation utilizing plain radiographs obtained from a cohort of 60 patients diagnosed with CO. Comprehensive assessments of the demographic and clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and microbiological parameters were conducted. Additional variables included the anatomical location of the CO, existence of fistulas, disease duration, and presence of pseudoarthrosis. This study meticulously documented the presence or absence of six specific findings: bone destruction, which incorporates erosion and radiolucencies around implants; bone sclerosis; cortical thinning concomitant with erosion; cortical thickening; sequestrum formation; and soft-tissue swelling. RESULTS: Most patients were men (75%), with a mean age of 45.1 years. Hematogenous etiology of CO represented 23%. Bone sclerosis (71.3%) and cortical thickening (67.7%) were the most common radiographic findings, followed by soft-tissue swelling (51.3%), sequestration (47.3%), bone destruction (33.3%), and cortical erosion (30.3%). The mean agreement was 74.2%, showing a marked disagreement rate of 25.8% among all radiographic findings. The presence or absence of soft tissue edema, a prominent radiographic finding that was more important than the other findings, showed the greatest disagreement. CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic findings in CO were universally observed in all patients, demonstrating a high degree of concordance among specialists, with the exception of soft tissue swelling.
Assuntos
Osteólise , Osteomielite , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Esclerose/complicações , Osteomielite/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteomielite/epidemiologia , Osteomielite/complicações , Radiografia , Infecção PersistenteRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Studies focusing on bone and joint infections (BJIs) in young infants are rare. Some cases of BJI are accompanied by sepsis. This study aimed to identify the clinical and bacteriological features of sepsis in neonates and young infants with BJIs. METHODS: Neonates and infants younger than 3 months diagnosed with BJI in the present institution from 2014 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, clinical data, and outcomes were documented and compared between those with and without sepsis. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients with a mean age of 34.8 days were included. Nine BJI cases had concomitant sepsis (group A), and 16 had BJI without sepsis (group B). Within group A, staphylococcus aureus was the major pathogenic germ (5 cases, of which 4 were of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) type). There was no statistical difference in male-to-female ratio, age, history of hospitalization, anemia, birth asphyxia, peripheral leukocyte counts, C-reactive protein on admission, and sequelae between groups. Univariate analyses indicated a significant difference in the incidence of septic arthritis (SA) combined with osteomyelitis (OM) (88.9% vs 37.5%), congenital deformities (44.4% vs 0%), and mean duration of symptoms (2.83 days vs 9.21 days) in comparisons between groups A and B. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogenic bacteria in BJI cases complicated with sepsis in neonates and young infants. Among infants younger than 3 months diagnosed with BJI, those with concurrent SA and OM, MRSA infection, or congenital deformities are more likely to develop sepsis.
Assuntos
Artrite Infecciosa , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Osteomielite , Sepse , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Artrite Infecciosa/complicações , Artrite Infecciosa/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus aureus , Osteomielite/complicações , Osteomielite/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/complicações , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
AIMS: To report the case of chronic osteomyelitis of a maxilla in a woman with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and mental illness, in an attempt to clarify its pathogenesis and treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: A case of a woman with moderate G6PD deficiency (Class III) who developed bilateral and asynchronous chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO) of her maxilla with extensive bone sequestra, fistulae and whose management was performed by local surgery for bony sequestra and fistulae removal; closure communication under 4 weeks antibiotic cover. CONCLUSIONS: CSO of the jaw may be a complication of the G6PD deficiency and DM and its severity depends on patient's medical status.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas , Diabetes Mellitus , Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase , Osteomielite , Feminino , Humanos , Maxila , Osteomielite/complicações , Osteomielite/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features of osteoarticular infection in infants cared for in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and to assess the presence of multifocal infection. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review with structured data abstraction of infants with osteomyelitis or pyogenic arthritis or both in NICUs at 3 children's hospitals over a 29-year period. RESULTS: Of the 45 cases identified, 87% occurred in prematurely born infants, with a median gestational age of 27.4 weeks (IQR, 26, 31 weeks). Median postnatal age at diagnosis of infection was 33 days (IQR, 20, 50 days). Osteomyelitis was present without joint involvement in 53% and with joint involvement in 44% of cases. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (71%) was the predominant pathogen, despite prevalent methicillin-resistant S aureus in community-associated infections. More than 1 bone was infected in 34% of cases. The femur (in 50% of patients) was the most frequently involved bone and the hip (in 20% of patients) was the most frequently involved joint. Bacteremia persisted for 4 or more days in 54% of patients with a positive blood culture despite active antimicrobial therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Among infants with osteoarticular infection in NICUs, multifocal disease is common and frequently is unsuspected. Search for additional sites of infection including the hip is warranted following the diagnosis of osteoarticular infection at a single site. Involvement of contiguous joints should be suspected in cases of osteomyelitis; conversely the presence of pyogenic arthritis usually indicates extant osteomyelitis in a contiguous bone.
Assuntos
Artrite Infecciosa/epidemiologia , Doenças Ósseas Infecciosas/epidemiologia , Articulação do Quadril , Osteomielite/epidemiologia , Artrite Infecciosa/complicações , Artrite Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Artrite Infecciosa/terapia , Doenças Ósseas Infecciosas/complicações , Doenças Ósseas Infecciosas/diagnóstico , Doenças Ósseas Infecciosas/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Osteomielite/complicações , Osteomielite/diagnóstico , Osteomielite/terapia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción : La osteomielitis es la infección de estructuras óseas ya sea por inoculación directa a través de heridas, por vía hematógena a través de focos distantes o por contigüidad con estructuras vecinas como los oídos. Objetivo: Reportar un caso que demuestra la necesidad de seguimiento de las otitis medias con vistas a evitar recurrencias y complicaciones. Presentación del Caso: Paciente femenina, de 62 años de edad, tez blanca y ama de casa de la localidad de Baracoa, provincia Guantánamo, Cuba. Con antecedentes de otitis de un año de evolución que desarrolló osteomielitis crónica cervical y un cuadro neurológico caracterizado por cuadriparesia y dificultad para la acción asociado a la osteomielitis cervical. Se trató con vancomicina y levofloxacino durante 6 semanas y oxigenación hiperbárica con lo cual egresó totalmente rehabilitada. Conclusiones: El manejo inadecuado de la otitis puede desencadenar complicaciones graves y poco frecuentes como la osteomielitis cervical tal y como se presenta en este caso(AU)
Introduction: Osteomyelitis is the infection of the osseous structures associated with the direct inoculation of microorganisms through wounds, hematogenous route from distant focus of infection or the contiguity with neighboring structures like the ears. Objective: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the need for medical follow-up of otitis media in order to avoid recurrence and complications of this disease. Case presentation: Sixty-two-year-old white woman, housewife, from Baracoa, Guantanamo Province, Cuba. The patient had antecedents of one-year history of otitis media. She developed cervical chronic osteomyelitis and a neurological picture that was characterized by quadriparesis and difficulty to carry out actions, which was associated with cervical osteomyelitis. She was treated with Vancomycin and Levofloxacin during 6 months and hyperbaric oxygenation that helped her to be totally recovered after discharge from hospital. Conclusions: Inadequate treatment of otitis can cause very serious and less frequent complications such as cervical osteomyelitis, as it is presented in this case(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteomielite/complicações , Otite Média/complicações , Osteomielite/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to describe a series with 66 cases of infected cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) and to discuss the demographic distribution, clinicoradiographic features and treatment of this condition. A study looking back on the diagnoses made at a single Brazilian centre within a 28-year timeframe was performed. A literature review with searches across five databases was also conducted to identify reports on osteomyelitis/infected COD. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. The case series study showed a female/male ratio of 21:1. Affected individuals' mean age was 57.4 years. Mandible was the most affected site (95.5%) and florid subtype was the most frequent infected COD (62.1%). Tooth extraction was the main factor associated with the development of infection associated within a COD lesion. The literature review retrieved 30 studies reporting 46 cases of this condition. Asian women in their 40 s and 50 s were more affected. Surgery for removal/curettage of necrotic bone was acknowledged as an appropriate approach to the treatment of this infection. The clinicodemographic data of the study were similar to data collected across the literature. Clinicians, maxillofacial surgeons and oral rehabilitation providers should be alert to the diagnosis of COD, since infection is a frequent complication whose management is challenging.
Assuntos
Cementoma/complicações , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/complicações , Osteomielite/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cementoma/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteomielite/epidemiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Ten patients with scurvy were evaluated by rheumatology; we review their clinical, laboratory, and dietary presentations. Eight patients had developmental delay or autism. All had elevated inflammatory markers. These clinical and laboratory features with imaging findings can mimic rheumatic conditions such as arthritis, vasculitis, and chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO).
Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil/diagnóstico , Dieta , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Escorbuto/diagnóstico , Vasculite/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Artrite Juvenil/sangue , Artrite Juvenil/complicações , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Deficiência de Ácido Ascórbico , Transtorno Autístico/sangue , Transtorno Autístico/complicações , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/complicações , Masculino , Dor Musculoesquelética/complicações , Dor Musculoesquelética/diagnóstico , Osteomielite/complicações , Osteomielite/diagnóstico , Reumatologia/métodos , Escorbuto/sangue , Escorbuto/complicações , Vasculite/sangue , Vasculite/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is characterized by swelling of the glabelar region and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone, owing to a subperiosteal pseudoinflammatory tumor responsible for the detachment of the pericranium from the outer table of the skull. Nowadays, the incidence of PPT is very low, so this entity is frequently underdiagnosed. The late treatment and identification of PPT are strongly associated with intracranial complications, which could jeopardize the life of the patient. In the literature, PPT is described as a complication of frontal head trauma or of chronic sinusitis. There are a few cases reported in patients with frontal insect bites or in recreational nasal drug users, such as cocaine or methamphetamines. In the present case report, the authors describe the case of a 40-year-old male who was submitted to a frontal sebaceous cyst surgery. In the postoperative period, he developed an infectious process compatible with PPT. After an extensive review of the literature, no similar cases were identified. Therefore, in the opinion of the authors, sebaceous cyst surgery should be included in the short list of risk factors for the development of PPT.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Osteomielite/complicações , Tumor de Pott/cirurgia , Tumor de Pott/etiologia , Tumor de Pott/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto EpidérmicoRESUMO
Objetivo: Realizar uma análise estatística das internações de pacientes idosos com osteomielite, por região brasileira. Métodos: Foram pesquisadas informações de saúde disponíveis na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), avaliando-se, de 2012 a 2016, as variáveis: internações por osteomielite (M86 do CID-10), faixa etária acima de 60 anos, sexo e etnia. Resultados: De 78.967 pacientes internados por osteomielite no Brasil, 16.736 (21,19%) eram idosos, com a Região Sudeste registrando maior número de casos (7.163 internações; 42,79%), seguida da Nordeste (5.165; 30,86%), da Sul (2.462; 14,71%), da Centro-Oeste (1.162; 6,9%) e da Norte (784; 4,6%). O número de internações manteve-se relativamente constante, com média de 3.347 casos por ano. Pacientes de 60 a 69 anos foram os com maior registro (8.786 casos; 52,49%). Em segundo lugar, ficaram os de 70 a 79 anos (5.232; 31,2%) e, por último, os acima de 80 anos (2.718; 16,24%). Em relação ao sexo, o masculino notificou 9.232 internações (55,16%), com 7.504 (44,83%) para o feminino. A etnia branca apresentou maior número de notificações (6.117; 36,54%), principalmente nas Regiões Sudeste e Sul, seguida pela parda (4.947; 29,55%), que se destacou dentre as demais regiões. Conclusão: Diante da heterogeneidade de fatores que predispõem à osteomielite, com destaque para o diabetes mellitus, urge garantir um manejo precoce da infecção e de comorbidades causadoras, a fim de evitar complicações debilitantes ao idoso, bem como prevenir futuras recidivas e internações onerosas ao sistema de saúde brasileiro. (AU)
Objective: To perform a statistical analysis of hospitalizations of elderly patients with osteomyelitis, by Brazilian region. Methods: Health information available from the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) platform was investigated, from 2012 to 2016. The following variables were assessed: admissions due to osteomyelitis (ICD-10 M86), age group over 60, gender and ethnicity. Results: Of the 78,967 patients hospitalized due to osteomyelitis in Brazil, 16,736 (21.19%) were elderly, with the Southeast Region having a higher number of cases (7,163 admissions - 42.79%), followed by the Northeast (5,165 - 30.86%), South (2,462 - 14,71%), Midwest (1,162 - 6,9%), and North (784 - 4,6%). The number of hospitalizations remained relatively constant, with an average of 3,347 cases per year. Patients aged 60 to 69 years were the ones with the highest registry (8,786 cases - 52.49%); in second place, those aged 70 to 79 years (5,232 - 31.2%) and, finally, those above 80 years old (2,718 - 16.24%). Regarding gender, males accounted for 9,232 hospitalizations (55.16%), with 7,504 (44.83%) for females. White people had the highest number of reports (6,177 - 36.54%), mainly in the Southeast and South Regions, followed by browns (4,947 - 29.55%), who were more prevalent in the other regions. Conclusion: In view of the heterogeneity of factors that predispose to osteomyelitis, especially diabetes mellitus, it is urgent that early management of the infection and causative comorbidities is ensured, in order to avoid debilitating complications for the elderly, as well as to prevent future relapses, and costly hospitalizations to the Brazilian health system. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Osteomielite/epidemiologia , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Osteomielite/complicações , Osteomielite/etiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Fatores Sexuais , Demografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Incidência , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Fatores Etários , Distribuição por Sexo , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Vulnerabilidade em Saúde , Distribuição por EtniaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The management of septic arthritis of the hip in children can be complicated by the presence of additional coexisting periarticular infections (PAIs). Criteria predicting the presence of PAI have recently been proposed by Rosenfeld and colleagues with the goal of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) efficiently in the workup of septic arthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the applicability of recently published predictive criteria for PAI (developed in the Southwestern United States using a variety of joints) to septic arthritis of the hip treated at a large Northeastern tertiary care center. METHODS: We studied patients treated for septic arthritis of the hip with irrigation and debridement in a large Northeastern tertiary care center over a 10-year period. Laboratory and clinical variables related to presentation, treatment, and outcome were collected. Subjects with and without a perioperative MRI were compared with published criteria by Rosenfeld and colleagues. RESULTS: Fifty-one subjects (53 hips) were identified with a mean age of 7.0 years (range, 1.2 to 19.3 y) and mean follow-up was 16 months (range, 2 to 85 mo). MRIs were obtained in 20 subjects (43%). Coexisting osteomyelitis was revealed in 7/20 of these studies (35% of MRIs); 4 of which showed coexisting intramuscular abscesses. Within our MRI cohort, the Rosenfeld criteria were found to have a sensitivity of 86%, a specificity of 54%, and a false-positive rate of 50% for the hip (compared with originally reported sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 67%, and false-positive rate of 33%). Overall, advanced imaging changed management in 5/51 patients (9%) by influencing the need for further treatment, whereas the remainder underwent isolated treatment of the septic hip joint with no adverse outcomes. One patient in the MRI cohort (without PAI) developed osteonecrosis of the femoral head. CONCLUSIONS: We found lower sensitivity and specificity and higher false-positive rates for the Rosenfeld criteria in the hip for our geographically distinct population. Using the Rosenfeld criteria, MRIs would have been ordered unnecessarily in half of our series. Because of potential differences in regional microbiology and anatomic-specific factors, general predictive criteria for coexisting PAI based a single geographic region may be less generalizable to cases of hip sepsis in other geographic areas such as the Northeastern United States. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4-retrospective cohort study.