RESUMO
The mandibular advancements performed in orthognathic surgeries can be stabilized with several techniques when using stable internal fixation. This study aims to comparatively evaluate, in vitro, the mechanical strength in a polyurethane mandibular model for four fixation techniques for sagittal split ramus osteotomy mandibular. 60 samples were divided into 4 groups, with 15 units for each group: group A, group B, group C and group D. Advances of 5 mm were made for each subgroup and fixed with 2.0 mm system plates and monocortical screws in the replicas of human hemimandibles in polyurethane resin. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests of linear loading, being evaluated the peak load and peak deformation. Technique B presented higher peak load (Kgf) and techniques A and B presented higher peak strain (p<0.05). Technique D presented lower peak load and lower peak strain (p<0.05). It is concluded that the study based on the development of new techniques for fixation for sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramus is of great importance for the advancement of orthognathic surgery, provided by the technical innovation of more favorable plate models.
Los avances mandibulares realizados en cirugías ortognáticas pueden estabilizarse con varias técnicas cuando se utiliza fijación interna estable. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar comparativamente, in vitro, la resistencia mecánica en un modelo mandibular de poliuretano para cuatro técnicas de fijación para la osteotomía sagital de la rama mandibular. Se dividieron 60 muestras en 4 grupos, con 15 unidades para cada grupo: grupo A, grupo B, grupo C y grupo D. Se realizaron avances de 5 mm para cada subgrupo y se fijaron con placas de sistema de 2,0 mm y tornillos monocorticales en las réplicas de hemimandíbulas humanas en resina de poliuretano. Las muestras fueron sometidas a pruebas mecánicas de carga lineal, siendo evaluadas la carga máxima y la deformación máxima. La técnica B presentó mayor pico de carga (Kgf) y las técnicas A y B presentaron mayor pico de deformación (p<0,05). La técnica D presentó menor carga máxima y menor tensión máxima (p<0,05). Se concluye que el estudio basado en el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de fijación para la osteotomía sagital de la rama mandibular es de gran importancia para el avance de la cirugía ortognática, proporcionada por la innovación técnica de modelos de placas más favorables.
Assuntos
Avanço Mandibular/métodos , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Cirurgia Ortognática/métodos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Defects in the lower border of the mandible may represent an aesthetic problem after mandibular advancement in orthognathic surgery. The use of bone grafts has been reported in the literature as a possibility to reduce these defects in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to answer the following research question: Is it necessary to use bone grafts to prevent defects at the lower border of the mandible after mandibular advancement? METHODS: The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Central Cochrane, Embase, LILACS, and Sigle via Open Gray up until December 2020. Five studies were eligible for this systematic review, considering the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: 1340 mandibular osteotomies were evaluated, with a mean advance of 8 mm, being 510 with bone graft (42 defects), 528 without graft (329 defects), and 302 with an alternative technique (32 defects). Regarding the type of bone graft used, three articles used xenogenous or biomaterial grafts and two allogenous bone grafts. The results of the meta-analysis showed a reduction in the presence of defects in the bone graft group: OR 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.19; p = 0.0005, (I2 = 87%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The use of bone grafts seems promising in reducing defects in the lower border of the mandible after mandibular advancement. New controlled prospective studies with a larger number of participants are needed to ensure the effectiveness of this procedure.
Assuntos
Avanço Mandibular , Humanos , Avanço Mandibular/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estética Dentária , Mandíbula/cirurgiaRESUMO
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether the presence of inferior third molars during sagittal split mandibular ramus osteotomy increases the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. The PRISMA protocol was followed in this study, and the review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020147642). A search was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases on November 1, 2021. Nineteen articles were included, and the variables analysed were unfavourable fractures, infection, neurosensory disturbance, removal of osteosynthesis material, and duration of surgery. Meta-analyses were performed for the variables unfavourable fractures (risk ratio (RR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-1.57, P = 0.84), infection (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.48-1.18, P = 0.21), and neurosensory disturbance (RR 1.55, 95% CI 0.61-3.91, P = 0.35); no statistically significant difference in the risk of these variables was found between the groups with and without third molars. The third molars did not increase the need to remove fixation material, but increased the surgery time. The presence of the third molar during sagittal split mandibular ramus osteotomy appears not to increase the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. The results presented here must be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity presented by the observational studies included.
Assuntos
Dente Serotino , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular , Humanos , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/efeitos adversos , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Duração da CirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study compared the mechanical behavior of two fixation techniques used in three sections representing the sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in polyurethane replicas that were divided into groups, according to type of section, and sub-groups according to type of fixation, simulating 11-mm advancement and 6º clockwise mandibular rotation. METHODS: Loads were applied in two regions, aiming at progressive application and consequent strength value, measured in kilogram-force in displacements of 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm, from the load application tip. Shapiro-Wilk test was performed, followed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-2 way), and Bonferroni's multiple comparison. RESULTS: The results showed no statistically significant difference in the type of section and type of fixation used when load was applied to the inter-incisor region. However, when load was applied to the first molar region, statistically significant difference was observed in 1-mm displacement, in which section described by Epker with two modifications showed greater strength, regardless of type of fixation used (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: In the application of load in the inter-incisor region, there was no statistical difference between the type of osteotomy and the type of fixation used. When applying loads to molars, there was a difference for the type of osteotomy, where the Epker osteotomy with 2 modifications presented greater resistance, regardless of the type of fixation used.
Assuntos
Placas Ósseas , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular , Humanos , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Parafusos Ósseos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Modelos Anatômicos , Mandíbula/cirurgiaRESUMO
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether the presence of third molars (3Ms) during sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible increases the risk of complications. Searches were conducted using MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Central, Scopus, DOSS, and SIGLE via OpenGrey up to December 2020. Fifteen articles were included for evaluation and 14 in the meta-analysis, with a total of 3909 patients and 7651 sagittal split osteotomies (670 complications). Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) exposure in the proximal segment was the most frequent complication (n = 409), followed by bad splits (n = 151). Meta-analysis revealed no significant increase in the incidence of 3M-related IAN exposure (P = 0.45), post-surgical infections (P = 0.15), osteosynthesis material removal (P = 0.37), or bad splits (P = 0.23). The presence of 3Ms was associated with a reduced risk of nerve disorder (P = 0.05) and favoured bad splits in the lingual plate (P = 0.005). The quality of evidence was very low, mainly due to non-randomized study designs, high risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision. This systematic review suggests that the removal of 3Ms before sagittal mandibular osteotomy does not reduce the incidence of complications. Thus, we recommend future better-designed studies with rigorous methodologies and adjustments for confounding factors.
Assuntos
Dente Serotino , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular , Humanos , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Nervo Mandibular , Osteotomia Mandibular , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/efeitos adversos , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Healing of the inferior border of the mandible can be compromised in large advancements, leaving an unesthetic defect at the inferior border. The objective of this study was to compare different bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) techniques to prevent the incidence of lower border mandibular defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors undertook a retrospective multicenter cohort study comparing 3 BSSO techniques for advancements greater than 5 mm: traditional non-grafted BSSO (group A), traditional grafted BSSO (group B), and modified BSSO (group C). The space created by the mandibular advancement was measured. The presence or absence of a defect was determined 1 year after surgery by clinical and radiographic assessment. The bone defect outcome was associated with potential risk predictors (age, gender, side of SSO, and magnitude of mandibular advancement) by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1,002 operative sites in 501 patients were included in the study. Age (mean, 26.8 yr; standard deviation, 11 yr), gender (310 female, 191 male), and mandibular advancement (right, 9.3 mm; left, 10 mm) were similar among groups (P > .05). The proportions of postsurgical lower border mandibular defects were 54.5% in group A, 1.3% in group B, and 10.6% in group C. The traditional grafted and modified BSSO techniques were significantly more effective in preventing the incidence of mandibular lower border defects compared with the traditional non-grafted BSSO technique (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Surgeons are advised that the traditional non-grafted BSSO technique produces a large proportion of mandibular lower border defects. Use of bone grafts or the modified BSSO technique in mandibular advancements greater than 10 mm markedly decreases the risk of persisting mandibular inferior border defects.
Assuntos
Avanço Mandibular/métodos , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Adulto , Substitutos Ósseos , Transplante Ósseo , Colágeno , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the application of photobiomodulation in a 2-year follow-up period in patients who have been intervened with a sagittal ramus split osteotomy and present neurosensory disturbance of the inferior alveolar nerve. BACKGROUND: Photobiomodulation is a common clinical tool in dentistry, for its beneficial effects have been shown in surgical and periodontal wound healing, reducing of swelling and pain, neurosensory recovery, and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. METHODS: This is a 2-year follow-up study with an experimental (Laser) group (n = 33) that received photobiomodulation, and a control (Sham) group (n = 9), placebo. All patients from the Laser group received laser applications (continuous wave of 0.353 W/cm2, 27 J in 270 sec per session) on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 21, and 28 after surgery. Neurosensory disturbance was evaluated with five tests: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and sensitivity, sensitivity threshold test, two-point discrimination, and thermal discrimination. All tests were performed before (24 h before surgery) and after surgery (24 h, 28 days, 60 days, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, more than 2 years). Participants and evaluator were blinded to intervention. Variables were described with absolute frequencies, percentages, and medians. Ordinal and dichotomous variables were compared with Mann-Whitney's and Fisher's tests, respectively. RESULTS: Clinical improvement was observed during the follow-up period for the Laser group; general VAS for sensitivity was normal in 11 participants from the Laser group at 2 years postsurgery (40.74%), while no participants from the Sham group achieved this (p = 0.0341). Twenty-three participants recovered initial values for two-point discrimination (69.7%) after 2 years of follow-up (p = 0.0025) as well as sensitivity threshold test. General VAS for pain was normal in 31 patients from the Laser group after 2 years of follow-up (93.94%, p = 0.0254). CONCLUSIONS: Photobiomodulation was effective for neurosensory recovery on sample studied.
Assuntos
Traumatismos dos Nervos Cranianos/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Nervo Mandibular/fisiopatologia , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Traumatismos dos Nervos Cranianos/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/radioterapia , Medição de Risco , Distúrbios Somatossensoriais/etiologia , Distúrbios Somatossensoriais/radioterapia , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMEN: Los odontomas son los tumores odontogénicos benignos más prevalentes. Estos están conformados por tejido dentario, epitelio odontogénico y tejido mesenquimático. Se dividen en dos subtipos: odontomas compuestos, que presentan tejidos dentarios normales, pero con una alteración en su conformación y tamaño, y odontomas complejos, que presentan tejidos dentarios bien formados, pero rodeados de tejido desorganizado. Se presentan tres casos de pacientes sexo femenino, quienes acuden para evaluación y tratamiento debido al hallazgo radiográfico de odontoma compuesto. En el caso nº 1 se realizó la desinclusión del diente impactado, la exodoncia del diente remanente, la exéresis del odontoma compuesto, la instalación de un implante dental en el alveolo de la zona intervenida y, finalmente, el posicionamiento de injerto óseo. En el caso nº 2 se realizó la exodoncia del diente temporal remanente y la exéreis del odontoma compuesto. Ambos casos evolucionaron de manera favorable sin complicaciones post operatorias. En el caso nº 3 se realizó la fenestración del diente 18 y la exéreis del odontoma compuesto que retenía su erupción. Todos los casos evolucionaron de manera favorable sin complicaciones post operatorias. Dada la prevalencia de esta patología, es necesario un adecuado conocimiento sobre ella y sus características, para realizar un adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento. Existen distintas medidas terapéuticas respecto a la rehabilitación de una zona edéntula como resultado de la exéresis de estos tumores. Esto depende principalmente de la edad del paciente. Al ser requeridas medidas rehabilitadoras, un punto importante a considerar es la posibilidad de realizar todos los procedimientos quirúrgicos en un solo tiempo operatorio.
ABSTRACT: Odontomas are the most common benign odontogenic tumors and are composed of dental tissue, odontogenic epithelium and mesenchymal tissue. They are divided into two subtypes: Compound odontomas, which present normal tooth tissue, but an alteration in their conformation and size, and complex odontomas, which present well-formed tooth tissue, but are surrounded by disorganized tissue. A bibliographic review was performed by one operator in Pubmed and Epistemonikos. After filtering by title and abstract, only one systematic review was selected. We present two clinical cases of compound odontoma in female patients at the Military Hospital in Santiago. Patients were referred for evaluation and treatment due to the radiographic finding of compound odontoma. In case # 1, the impacted tooth was disincluded, the remaining temporal tooth was extracted, and excision of the compound odontoma carried out; subsequently a bone graft implant was placed in the remaining socket. In case # 2, the remaining temporal tooth was extracted and compound odontoma excised. After that, natural eruption of the corresponding permanent tooth is expected. In case # 3, tooth 1.8 fenestration and excision of compound odontoma was performed. In this case also, natural eruption of the corresponding permanent tooth is expected. Given the prevalence of this pathology, adequate knowledge of compound odontomas and their characteristics is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment. There are different therapeutic measures for the rehabilitation of an edentulous area following excision of compound odontoma. This depends mainly on the age of the patient. When rehabilitation measures are required, an important aspect to consider for the patient, is the possibility of a single surgical event, as was done in case # 1.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Palato/patologia , Anormalidades Dentárias/patologia , Odontoma/diagnóstico , Hamartoma/patologia , Biópsia/métodos , Radiografia Panorâmica , Odontoma/cirurgia , Implantação Dentária/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Margens de ExcisãoRESUMO
The technique of sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus is an established technique that has been evolving over the years, with significant improvements regarding stability, better bone contact between the segments, and possibilities of osteosynthesis. However, paresthesia is common in the postoperatory, sometimes permanent, and undesirable fractures in the subcondylar region can occur leading to longer operative time and extraoral scars. The short lingual split technique is an easy technique that simplifies the horizontal osteotomy of the ramus and decreases the risk of undesirable fractures with a neurosensitive recovery of patients in a much shorter time because of minor trauma and nerve manipulation during the execution.
Assuntos
Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Duração da Cirurgia , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
We have evaluated the resistance to displacement of six stable methods of fixation of a sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in the mandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation. We tested 60 synthetic hemimandibles in six groups of 10 each: Group I - fixation with a straight four-hole 2.0mm miniplate; Group II - a straight six-hole 2.0mm miniplate; Group III - two straight 2.0mm four-hole miniplates; Group IV - an eight-hole 2.0mm (grid plate); Group V - a 2.0mm four-hole straight miniplate and 2.0×12mm bicortical screw; and Group VI - a straight four-hole 2.0mm locking miniplate. We applied a linear force in the region between the canine and the first premolar using a universal testing machine (EMIC- DL2000) with a loading cell of 10 KN. The loads at 1, 3, and 5mm displacement were recorded (N) and the data transmitted from the load cell to a computer. Results were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.001) and the Tukey post-test for comparison of the significance of the differences between the groups. For the three degrees of displacement, fixation with two straight 2.0mm plates and with the grid plate gave higher load values.