RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI) in a Peruvian hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients treated in the Diabetic Foot Unit of a General Hospital in Lima, Peru. MDRB was defined by resistance to more than two pharmacological groups across six clinically significant genera. The primary outcome was death due to DFI complications and/or major amputation. Other outcomes included minor amputation, hospitalization, and a hospital stay longer than 14 days. Relative risks were estimated using Poisson regression for all outcomes. RESULTS: The study included 192 DFI patients with a mean age of 59.9 years; 74% were males. A total of 80.8% exhibited MDRB. The primary outcome had an incidence rate of 23.2% and 5.4% in patients with and without MDRB, respectively (p = 0.01). After adjusting for sex, age, bone involvement, severe infection, ischemia, diabetes duration, and glycosylated hemoglobin, MDRB showed no association with the primary outcome (RR 3.29; 95% CI, 0.77-13.9), but did with hospitalization longer than 14 days (RR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04-1.98). CONCLUSIONS: Our study found no association between MDRB and increased mortality and/or major amputation due to DFI complications, but did find a correlation with prolonged hospitalization. The high proportion of MDRB could limit the demonstration of the relationship. It is urgent to apply continuous evaluation of bacterial resistance, implement a rational plan for antibiotic use, and maintain biosafety to confront this threat.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Pé Diabético , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Pé Diabético/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Peru/epidemiologia , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Amputação Cirúrgica/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do Tratamento , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Tempo de Internação , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: the purpose of this research was to identify the sociodemographic and microbiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance rates of patients with diabetic foot infections, hospitalized in an emergency reference center. METHODS: it was an observational and transversal study. The sociodemographic data were collected by direct interview with the patients. During the surgical procedures, specimens of tissue of the infected foot lesions were biopsied to be cultured, and for bacterial resistance analysis. RESULTS: the sample consisted of 105 patients. The majority of patierns were men, over 50 years of age, married and with low educational level. There was bacterial growth in 95 of the 105 tissue cultures. In each positive culture only one germ was isolated. There was a high prevalence of germs of the Enterobacteriaceae family (51,5%). Gram-negative germs were isolated in 60% of cultures and the most individually isolated germs were the Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus (20%) and Enterococcus faecalis (17,9%). Regarding antibiotic resistance rates, a high frequency of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (63,0%) and to ciprofloxacin (55,5%) was found; additionally, 43,5% of the Gram-negative isolated germs were resistant to ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: the majority of patients were men, over 50 years of age, married and with low educational level. The most prevalent isolated germs from the infected foot lesions were Gram-negative bacteria, resistant to ciprofloxacin, and the individually most isolated germ was the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologia , Idoso , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Complicações do Diabetes , Diabetes Mellitus , Pé Diabético/tratamento farmacológico , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Feminino , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Infecções , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Introducción El pie diabético infectado es una complicación frecuente de la diabetes y un marcador de deterioro del paciente. Existe escasa información en Colombia sobre características de los pacientes que ingresan a los servicios de urgencias de alta complejidad con esta patología y desenlaces como amputación y perfil microbiológico. Materiales y Métodos Serie de casos de pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de urgencias del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe con motivo de consulta principal pie diabético infectado. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de manera retrospectiva y se utilizaron herramientas de estadística descriptiva para la caracterización de la población y de variables relacionadas con diagnóstico, tratamiento y resultados tempranos intrahospitalarios. Resultados Entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2013 ingresaron 118 pacientes con 145 úlceras infectadas por pie diabético, el 90% con HbAc>6.5, el 52% con disfunción renal, el 51% con enfermedad arterial periférica. El 57% tenía úlceras grado 3 o mayor en la clasificación de Wagner, la infección fue polimicrobiana en el 63%. El 58% requirió amputación, el 62% de las amputaciones fueron amputaciones menores. La mortalidad fue del 10%, la mortalidad atribuible a infección del pie diabético o complicaciones derivadas de la amputación fue del 1,7%. Discusión Los pacientes con pie diabético que ingresaron a urgencias de un hospital de alta complejidad en Colombia tienen una enfermedad sistémica avanzada, relacionada con disfunción renal y vascular periférica, lesiones locales graves con compromiso óseo y articular avanzado; dada la gravedad de estas condiciones, la prevalencia de amputaciones mayores puede ser superior a la reportada en la literatura. Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Background Infected diabetic foot is a frequent complication of diabetes and a marker of patient deterioration. There is little information in Colombia on the characteristics of patients that enter the highly complex emergency services with this condition and their outcomes, such as amputation and microbiological profile. Materials Case series of patients admitted to the emergency department of Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital whose main consultation was infected diabetic foot. The medical records were retrospectively analysed and descriptive statistical tools were used to characterise the population, as well as the variables related to diagnosis, treatment, and early in-hospital outcomes. Results Between January 2009 and December 2013, 118 patients with 145 ulcers due to an infected diabetic foot were admitted. The HbA1c was> 6.5 in 90%, and 52% had renal dysfunction, 51% with peripheral arterial disease, and 57% had ulcers grade 3 or higher in the Wagner classification. The infection was polymicrobial in 63%, and 58% required amputation, with 62% of amputations being classed as minor. Mortality was 10%, and mortality attributable to diabetic foot infection or complications derived from amputation was 1.7%. Discussion Patients with diabetic foot admitted to the emergency room of a high complexity hospital in Colombia have an advanced systemic disease, related to renal and peripheral vascular dysfunction, and serious local injuries with advanced bone and joint involvement. Given the severity of these conditions, the prevalence of major amputations may be higher than that reported in the literature. Evidence Level: IV
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Pé Diabético/cirurgia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Hospitalização , Estudos Retrospectivos , Úlcera do Pé/classificação , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Tratamento de Emergência , Amputação CirúrgicaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose: the purpose of this research was to identify the sociodemographic and microbiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance rates of patients with diabetic foot infections, hospitalized in an emergency reference center. Methods: it was an observational and transversal study. The sociodemographic data were collected by direct interview with the patients. During the surgical procedures, specimens of tissue of the infected foot lesions were biopsied to be cultured, and for bacterial resistance analysis. Results: the sample consisted of 105 patients. The majority of patierns were men, over 50 years of age, married and with low educational level. There was bacterial growth in 95 of the 105 tissue cultures. In each positive culture only one germ was isolated. There was a high prevalence of germs of the Enterobacteriaceae family (51,5%). Gram-negative germs were isolated in 60% of cultures and the most individually isolated germs were the Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus (20%) and Enterococcus faecalis (17,9%). Regarding antibiotic resistance rates, a high frequency of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (63,0%) and to ciprofloxacin (55,5%) was found; additionally, 43,5% of the Gram-negative isolated germs were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: the majority of patients were men, over 50 years of age, married and with low educational level. The most prevalent isolated germs from the infected foot lesions were Gram-negative bacteria, resistant to ciprofloxacin, and the individually most isolated germ was the methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico, microbiológico e de resistência bacteriana em pacientes com pé diabético infectado. Métodos: tratou-se de estudo observacional, transversal que avaliou os perfis sóciodemográfico e microbiológico de pacientes portadores de pé diabético infectado internados em Pronto Socorro de referência. Os dados sociodemográficos foram coletados por meio de entrevista. Foram colhidos, durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos, fragmentos de tecidos das lesões podais infectadas para realização de cultura/antibiograma. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 105 pacientes. O perfil sociodemográfico mais prevalente foi o de pacientes do sexo masculino, acima dos 50 anos, casados e com baixa escolaridade. Das 105 amostras de fragmentos de tecidos colhidos para realização de cultura e antibiograma, 95 foram positivas, com crescimento de um único germe em cada um dos exames. Houve predomínio de germes da família Enterobacteriaceae (51,5%). Germes Gram-negativos foram isolados em 60,0% das culturas e os espécimes mais isolados individualmente foram os cocos Gram-positivos, Staphylococcus aureus (20,0%) e Enterococcus faecalis (17,9%). Considerando-se os perfis de resistência bacteriana, verificou-se alta taxa de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (63,0%) e à ciprofloxacino (55,5%); verificou-se, também, que 43,5% dos germes Gram-negativos eram resistentes à ciprofloxacino. Conclusões: o perfil sociodemográfico majoritário, foi o de homens, com mais de 50 anos e com baixa escolaridade. Concluímos que os germes mais prevalentes nas lesões podais dos pacientes diabéticos foram os Gram-negativos, resistentes ao ciprofloxacino e que o germe mais isolado individualmente foi o Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologia , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Pé Diabético/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações do Diabetes , Diabetes Mellitus , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Infecções , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Diabetic foot infections are related to severe complications and constitute the main reason for diabetes-related hospitalization and lower limb amputations. A diabetic foot infection requires prompt actions to avoid progression of the infected wound; a soft tissue sample has to be taken for microbiological culture and empiric antibiotic therapy must be started immediately. Empiric antibiotic schemes should be chosen based on the severity of the infection and the local prevalence of microbial causal agents. Therefore, it is important to monitor these indicators. The aim of this study was to determine which microorganisms were more prevalent in cultures of diabetic foot infections during 2018 and what antibiotic combination was better to cover local microbiology, compared with data available from 2015 for a similar cohort. A total of 68 positive cultures were obtained of 72 soft tissue specimens analyzed. The most frequent microorganisms were Gram negative (47.1%), and resulted significantly more frequent than in 2015 (24.6%) p = 0.01. These Gram negative germs also resulted more sensitive to ciprofloxacin than in 2015 (62.5% vs. 25.0%) p = 0.03. Amoxicillin-clavulanate plus ciprofloxacin was the optimal combination therapy in 2018, while in 2015 it was amoxicillin-clavulanate plus trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. In agreement with these results, we recommend amoxicillin-clavulanate plus ciprofloxacin as the empiric antibiotic regimen of choice for soft tissue infections in diabetic foot. We consider surveillance of local microbiology to be an important tool in the management of diabetic foot infections.
Las infecciones del pie diabético se asocian a complicaciones graves y constituyen la principal causa de hospitalización relacionada con diabetes y amputación de miembros inferiores. Para evitar su progresión, se requiere una conducta inicial rápida y adecuada que incluye toma de muestras para cultivos e inicio inmediato de tratamiento antibiótico empírico, según las características de las lesiones y la prevalencia local de microorganismos. Por ello, es necesario conocer y vigilar la microbiología local y la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la frecuencia de gérmenes en infecciones de pie diabético en pacientes ambulatorios asistidos en nuestro hospital en 2018 e identificar el esquema antibiótico con mayor cobertura, en comparación con los resultados de un estudio similar realizado en 2015. Fueron analizadas 72 muestras tomadas mediante punción por piel sana de partes blandas. Entre los 68 gérmenes aislados, los Gram negativos fueron los más frecuentes (47.1%), lo que representa un aumento significativo en relación a la frecuencia observada en 2015 (24.6%) p = 0.01 y un aumento de la sensibilidad a ciprofloxacina de 25% a 62.5% (p=0.03). El esquema con mayor cobertura fue amoxicilina-clavulánico con ciprofloxacina (77.9%) mientras que en 2015 fue amoxicilina-clavulánico con trimetoprima sulfametoxazol. La vigilancia de la microbiología local es fundamental para la elección del antibiótico empírico en las infecciones de pie diabético. En nuestro hospital, cuando la infección es de partes blandas, se recomienda la combinación amoxicilina-clavulánico más ciprofloxacina como esquema antibiótico empírico según los hallazgos de este estudio.
Assuntos
Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Pé Diabético/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Pé Diabético/etiologia , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecção dos Ferimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
Diabetic foot infection is a global epidemic and a major public health concern. Development of microbial resistance to many antimicrobial agents in foot ulcer leads to serious complications. Therefore, the study aims to identify the microbiological profile and the potential risk factors among diabetic and non-diabetic foot ulcer patients. A prospective cross sectional study was carried out among 183 ulcer patients from diabetic foot clinic and wound dressing clinic at the public health hospital, Guyana. A total of 254 bacteria were isolated from the study with an average of 1.4 organism per lesion. Gram negative bacteria (63.0%) were prevalent than gram positive bacteria (37.0%) in this study. Among DF patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.8%) was the most common isolate followed by Escherichia coli (13.9%) among gram negative group. Were as MRSA (12.1%) followed by MSSA (7.9%) dominated among gram positive group in diabetic foot patients. Almost 42.1% (95% CI 34.8-49.6) of the infections were caused by poly-microbial. Interestingly, a stepwise logistic regression model determined increasing age and lack of health education as independent risk factor identified for acquiring an MDR wound infection (ORâ¯=â¯1.1; pâ¯≥â¯0.05; 95% CI 1.0-1.1). Mild, moderate and severe infection among MDR and NMDR patients were recorded as 45.3% (95% CI 32.8-58.3), 26.5% (95% CI 16.3-39.1), 28.1% (95% CI 17.6-40.8) and 51.3% (95% CI 41.9-60.5), 32.8% (95% CI 24.4-42.0), 16.0% (95% CI 9.9-23.8). Therefore, it is concluded that there's an urgent need for surveillance of resistant bacteria in diabetic foot infections to reduce the risk of major complications.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Pé Diabético/epidemiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/complicações , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Glicemia/análise , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Guiana/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bordetella trematum is an infrequent Gram-negative coccobacillus, with a reservoir, pathogenesis, a life cycle and a virulence level which has been poorly elucidated and understood. Related information is scarce due to the low frequency of isolates, so it is important to add data to the literature about this microorganism. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 74-year-old female, who was referred to the hospital, presenting with ulcer and necrosis in both legs. Therapy with piperacillin-tazobactam was started and peripheral artery revascularization was performed. During the surgery, a tissue fragment was collected, where Bordetella trematum, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated. After surgery, the intubated patient was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), using vasoactive drugs through a central venous catheter. Piperacillin-tazobactam was replaced by meropenem, with vancomycin prescribed for 14 days. Four days later, levofloxacin was added for 24 days, aiming at the isolation of S. maltophilia from the ulcer tissue. The necrotic ulcers evolved without further complications, and the patient's clinical condition improved, leading to temporary withdrawal of vasoactive drugs and extubation. Ultimately, however, the patient's general condition worsened, and she died 58 days after hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being a rare finding, B. trematum is typically associated with the clinical manifestation of disorders that predispose to ulcer development, which can be infected by microorganisms. The combination of antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement plays a key role in preventing systemic infections. Monitoring the appearance of new cases of B. trematum is essential, since it can be an emerging microorganism. Isolating and defining the clinical relevance of unusual bacteria yields a more accurate perspective in the development of new diagnostic tools and allows for assessment of proper antimicrobial therapy.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bordetella/diagnóstico , Bordetella , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bordetella/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bordetella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bordetella/microbiologia , Coinfecção , Pé Diabético/complicações , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico , Pé Diabético/tratamento farmacológico , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/complicações , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/complicações , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Necrose/diagnóstico , Necrose/microbiologia , Combinação Piperacilina e Tazobactam/uso terapêutico , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/isolamento & purificação , Úlcera/diagnóstico , Úlcera/microbiologiaRESUMO
Las infecciones del pie diabético se asocian a complicaciones graves y constituyen la principal causa de hospitalización relacionada con diabetes y amputación de miembros inferiores. Para evitar su progresión, se requiere una conducta inicial rápida y adecuada que incluye toma de muestras para cultivos e inicio inmediato de tratamiento antibiótico empírico, según las características de las lesiones y la prevalencia local de microorganismos. Por ello, es necesario conocer y vigilar la microbiología local y la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la frecuencia de gérmenes en infecciones de pie diabético en pacientes ambulatorios asistidos en nuestro hospital en 2018 e identificar el esquema antibiótico con mayor cobertura, en comparación con los resultados de un estudio similar realizado en 2015. Fueron analizadas 72 muestras tomadas mediante punción por piel sana de partes blandas. Entre los 68 gérmenes aislados, los Gram negativos fueron los más frecuentes (47.1%), lo que representa un aumento significativo en relación a la frecuencia observada en 2015 (24.6%) p = 0.01 y un aumento de la sensibilidad a ciprofloxacina de 25% a 62.5% (p=0.03). El esquema con mayor cobertura fue amoxicilina-clavulánico con ciprofloxacina (77.9%) mientras que en 2015 fue amoxicilina-clavulánico con trimetoprima sulfametoxazol. La vigilancia de la microbiología local es fundamental para la elección del antibiótico empírico en las infecciones de pie diabético. En nuestro hospital, cuando la infección es de partes blandas, se recomienda la combinación amoxicilina-clavulánico más ciprofloxacina como esquema antibiótico empírico según los hallazgos de este estudio.
Diabetic foot infections are related to severe complications and constitute the main reason for diabetes-related hospitalization and lower limb amputations. A diabetic foot infection requires prompt actions to avoid progression of the infected wound; a soft tissue sample has to be taken for microbiological culture and empiric antibiotic therapy must be started immediately. Empiric antibiotic schemes should be chosen based on the severity of the infection and the local prevalence of microbial causal agents. Therefore, it is important to monitor these indicators. The aim of this study was to determine which microorganisms were more prevalent in cultures of diabetic foot infections during 2018 and what antibiotic combination was better to cover local microbiology, compared with data available from 2015 for a similar cohort. A total of 68 positive cultures were obtained of 72 soft tissue specimens analyzed. The most frequent microorganisms were Gram negative (47.1%), and resulted significantly more frequent than in 2015 (24.6%) p = 0.01. These Gram negative germs also resulted more sensitive to ciprofloxacin than in 2015 (62.5% vs. 25.0%) p = 0.03. Amoxicillin-clavulanate plus ciprofloxacin was the optimal combination therapy in 2018, while in 2015 it was amoxicillin-clavulanate plus trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. In agreement with these results, we recommend amoxicillin-clavulanate plus ciprofloxacin as the empiric antibiotic regimen of choice for soft tissue infections in diabetic foot. We consider surveillance of local microbiology to be an important tool in the management of diabetic foot infections.
Assuntos
Humanos , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Pé Diabético/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologia , Infecção dos Ferimentos/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pé Diabético/etiologia , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Quimioterapia Combinada , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/classificaçãoRESUMO
This study reported the antimicrobial activity of the bark extract of Davilla nitida on multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from Diabetic Foot Infections. Antibacterial activity of the bark extract was evaluated by agar Disk-Diffusion (DD), Broth Dilution (BD), Checkerboard and Time-kill methods. The extract showed a significant antibacterial activity against all groups of bacteria tested. BD was more sensitive for determining the antibacterial activity of the bark extract than the DD method. The bark extract inhibited the growth of bacteria with high-levels of antibiotic-resistance, such as Pseudomonas spp. (100.0%), Enterobacer spp. (88.89%), Staphylococcus aureus (54.55%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (75.0%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (92.86%). The combination of extract with antibiotics resulted in an additive effect against most of the strains tested. Time-kill kinetics profiles of bark extract showed bactericidal and time-dependent properties. Our results suggest that the bark extract of Davilla nitida is a source of bioactive compounds, which may be useful against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.