RESUMO
Autoimmune blistering diseases such as bullous pemphigoid (BP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) are complex, multifactorial, and polygenic diseases, whose exact pathogenesis is difficult to pinpoint. Research aimed at elucidating the associated epidemiologic risk factors of these two diseases has been hampered by their rare disease status. Further, a lack of centralization and standardization of available data makes the practical application of this information challenging. In order to collate and clarify the available literature we comprehensively reviewed 61 PV articles from 37 different countries and 35 BP articles from 16 different countries addressing a range of disease relevant clinical parameters including age of onset, sex, incidence, prevalence, and HLA allele association. The reported incidence of PV ranged from 0.098 to 5 patients per 100,000 people, while BP ranged from 0.21 to 7.63 patients per 100,000. Prevalence of PV ranged from 0.38 to 30 per 100,000 people and BP ranged from 1.46 to 47.99 per 100,000. The mean age of onset in patients ranged from 36.5 to 71 years for PV and 64 to 82.6 years for BP. Female-to-male ratios ranged from 0.46 to 4.4 in PV and 1.01 to 5.1 in BP. Our analysis provides support for the reported linkage disequilibrium of HLA DRB1*0402 (an allele previously shown to be associated with PV) and DQB1*0302 alleles in Europe, North America, and South America. Our data also highlight that HLA DQB1*0503 (also known to be associated with PV) appears in linkage disequilibrium with DRB1*1404 and DRB1*1401, mainly in Europe, the Middle East, and Asian countries. The HLA DRB1*0804 allele was only associated with PV in patients of Brazilian and Egyptian descent. Only two HLA alleles were reported as associated with BP more than twice in our review, DQB1*0301 and DQA1*0505. Collectively, our findings provide detailed insights into the variation of disease parameters relevant to PV and BP that can be expected to inform future work aimed at unraveling the complex pathogenesis of these conditions across the globe.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes , Penfigoide Bolhoso , Pênfigo , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pênfigo/epidemiologia , Pênfigo/genética , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Penfigoide Bolhoso/epidemiologia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Haplótipos , Fatores Epidemiológicos , BrasilRESUMO
Background Bullous pemphigoid has been associated to dipeptidase-4 inhibitors. Objectives Addressing the potential Bullous pemphigoid-dipeptidase-4 inhibitors association based on pharmacovigilance data currently available in Spain in order to obtain a composite disproportionality estimator from all the data generated by the case-non case studies conducted to this date. Setting The Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for Human Use Drugs database. Method Case-non case study based on the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for Human Use Drugs notifications submitted between 2007 and 2018 (n = 169,280), using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities term (Preferred Term) 'pemphigoid' for sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin (n = 1952). As negative control, we used acetaminophen, while furosemide was the positive control. A pooled reported odds ratio analysis in the French, Japanese, and Spanish national pharmacovigilance databases was performed. On The Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for Human Use Drugs, we conducted a bullous pemphigoid-metformin association analysis within the period 1982-2018. Main outcome measure Adverse reaction cases in pharmacovigilance databases and the disproportionality through the reporting odds ratio. Results Within The Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for Human Use Drugs, we found 45 cases of bullous pemphigoid in dipeptidase-4 inhibitors patients. Median age was 77 years (range 72-82). The median latency period was 7 months (range 0.23-86). The Bullous pemphigoid-dipeptidase-4 inhibitors association was established with a reporting odd ratio = 70.0 (95% confidence intervals 49.1-10.1). In the combined analysis of the three aforementioned pharmacovigilance databases, the pooled reporting odd ratio was 81.0 (95% confidence intervals 69.5-94.4). Conclusion The composite estimator for the three national pharmacovigilance databases yields clear evidence of a Bullous pemphigoid-dipeptidase-4 inhibitors association, which was statistically significant for both the pharmacological class as a whole and each of the dipeptidase-4 inhibitors agents under investigation. Metformin's role in the incidence of bullous pemphigoid appeared casual rather than causal. No differences between Caucasian and Asian populations were noted.
Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/efeitos adversos , Penfigoide Bolhoso/induzido quimicamente , Penfigoide Bolhoso/diagnóstico , Farmacovigilância , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Penfigoide Bolhoso/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze data on the epidemiology, treatment and course of bullous pemphigoid in 50 patients and compare findings to the data already available in the literature. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively through medical records and analyzed statistically. A review of the literature was conducted using articles indexed in the MEDLINE (via PubMed) database. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 71.1 years. Comorbidities were observed in almost all cases, and the association between bullous pemphigoid and neurological diseases was present in 18% of patients, in agreement with recent data in the literature. CONCLUSION: Care of comorbidities, especially neurological diseases, which increase the mortality of patients with bullous pemphigoid, is thus essential
OBJETIVOS: Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar dados epidemiológicos, de tratamento e evolução de 50 pacientes com diagnóstico de penfigoide bolhoso e comparar aos dados já existentes na literatura. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram coletados retrospectivamente por meio de prontuários médicos e analisados estatisticamente. Foi realizada revisão da literatura mediante artigos indexados na base de dados MEDLINE (via PubMed). RESULTADOS: A média de idade ao diagnóstico foi de 71,1 anos. Comorbidades foram observadas em quase a totalidade dos casos, e a associação entre penfigoide bolhoso e doenças neurológicas esteve presente em 18% dos pacientes, em concordância com dados recentes da literatura. CONCLUSÃO: Ressaltamos a atenção às comorbidades, sobretudo doenças neurológicas, que aumentam a mortalidade dos pacientes com penfigóide bolhoso
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Penfigoide Bolhoso/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Penfigoide Bolhoso/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune, acquired, cutaneous disease caused by the production of autoantibodies against hemidesmosomes' components in the basement membrane. The estimated incidence in Europe ranges from 7 to 43 cases per million inhabitants per year. Several studies have reported an association between BP and neurological disorders (ND). Our cohort of Bullous pemphigoid and ND is the first in Brazil and showed a significantly high prevalence of neurological and/or psychiatric diseases, especially cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and dementia, in agreement with the prevalence reported in several studies published in the medical literature in recent years.
Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Penfigoide Bolhoso/complicações , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Distribuição por Sexo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although rare, bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease. Recent studies have shown that patients with bullous pemphigoid are more likely to have neurological and psychiatric diseases, particularly prior to the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. OBJECTIVE: The aims were: (i) to evaluate the demographic and clinical features of bullous pemphigoid from a database of patients at a Portuguese university hospital and (ii) to compare the prevalence of comorbid conditions before the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid with a control group. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients with bullous pemphigoid were enrolled in the study. They were compared with 176 age- and gender-matched controls, which also had the same inpatient to outpatient ratio, but no history of bullous or cutaneous malignant disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to calculate odds ratios for specific comorbid diseases. RESULTS: At least one neurologic diagnosis was present in 55.8% of BP patients compared with 20.5% controls (p<0.001). Comparing cases to controls, stroke was seen in 35.1 vs. 6.8%, OR 8.10 (3.80-17.25); dementia in 37.7 vs. 11.9%, OR 5.25 (2.71-10.16); and Parkinson's disease in 5.2 vs. 1.1%, OR 4.91 (0.88-27.44). Using multivariate analysis, all diseases except Parkinson's retained their association with BP. Patients under systemic treatment were eight times more likely to have complications than those treated with topical steroids (p< 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study substantiate the association between BP and neurological diseases. In addition, they highlight the potential complications associated with the treatment of BP.
Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiopatologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Penfigoide Bolhoso/tratamento farmacológico , Penfigoide Bolhoso/fisiopatologia , Portugal/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: aAlthough rare, bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease. Recent studies have shown that patients with bullous pemphigoid are more likely to have neurological and psychiatric diseases, particularly prior to the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. OBJECTIVE: The aims were: (i) to evaluate the demographic and clinical features of bullous pemphigoid from a database of patients at a Portuguese university hospital and (ii) to compare the prevalence of comorbid conditions before the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid with a control group. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients with bullous pemphigoid were enrolled in the study. They were compared with 176 age- and gender-matched controls, which also had the same inpatient to outpatient ratio, but no history of bullous or cutaneous malignant disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to calculate odds ratios for specific comorbid diseases. RESULTS: At least one neurologic diagnosis was present in 55.8% of BP patients compared with 20.5% controls (p<0.001). Comparing cases to controls, stroke was seen in 35.1 vs. 6.8%, OR 8.10 (3.80-17.25); dementia in 37.7 vs. 11.9%, OR 5.25 (2.71-10.16); and Parkinson's disease in 5.2 vs. 1.1%, OR 4.91 (0.88-27.44). Using multivariate analysis, all diseases except Parkinson's retained their association with BP. Patients under systemic treatment were eight times more likely to have complications than those treated with topical steroids (p< 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study substantiate the association between BP and neurological diseases. In addition, they highlight the potential complications associated with the treatment of BP. .
Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Comorbidade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiopatologia , Hospitais Universitários , Modelos Logísticos , Prevalência , Penfigoide Bolhoso/tratamento farmacológico , Penfigoide Bolhoso/fisiopatologia , Portugal/epidemiologia , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
Introducción. El penfigoide ampollar (PA) es una enfermedad autoinmune que afecta con mayor frecuencia a personas de edad avanzada.Objetivos. Identificar la edad de presentación, sexo y variantes clínicas del PA. Establecer la asociación con otras enfermedades, la respuesta terapéutica y comparar los resultados con las estadísticas publicadas.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo de los pacientes que consultaron en el Servicio de Dermatología del Policlínico Bancario en el período comprendido entre agosto de 1995 y el mismo mes de 2010. Se incluyeron aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de PA. La recolección de datos se obtuvo de los registros histológicos y de las correspondientes historias clínicas.Resultados. Se registraron 45 pacientes; 25 (55,5%) femeninos y 20 (44,5%) masculinos. La edad media fue de 75,9 años. Variantes clínicas: 35 pacientes (77,7%) clásica; 5 (11,1%) localizada; 1(2,2%) vesicular; 2 (4,4%) nodular. Asociación con DBT: 15 pacientes (33,3%); HTA: 29 (64,4%); otras enfermedades sistémicas: 19 (42,2%); enfermedades dermatológicas: 7 (15,5%). La respuesta terapéutica fue buena.Conclusiones. La edad promedio al momento del diagnóstico fue avanzada. No hallamos marcada diferencia en cuanto a la distribución por sexo. La forma clásica predominó sobre las otras variantes clínicas. La asociación con enfermedades sistémicas podría deberse a que estas patologías se dan con mayor frecuencia en el mismo grupo etario. La asociación con enfermedades dermatológicas fue conpsoriasis (la de mayor representación). La respuesta terapéutica fue altamente satisfactoria. En general, nuestros datos son similares a las estadísticas publicadas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Penfigoide Bolhoso/diagnóstico , Penfigoide Bolhoso/epidemiologia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/tratamento farmacológico , Pele/patologia , Doenças Autoimunes , Comorbidade , Diabetes Mellitus , Psoríase , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
No presente trabalho é avaliada a imune reposta celular "in vivo" e "in vitro" em trinta pacientes com Pênfigo foliáceo Sul-americano, que foram realizadas com auxílio dos testes de sensibilidade cutânea ao PPD, tricofitina, oidiomicina, TBK, extrato total de pele humana e fitohemaglutinina pura; das provas de inibiçäo de migraçäo dos leucócitos com extrato total de pele humana penfigosa e normal e da avaliaçäo quantitativa dos linfócitos no sangue periférico e da análise das áreas timo-dependentes e independestes em cortes histológicos de linfonodos