RESUMO
As an Argentine scientist, the defunding of CONICET and INTA feels like a blow to progress and our future. Despite free education, these cuts force talented researchers to seek opportunities abroad. Argentina's history of scientific achievement, from Nobel Prizes to COVID-19 vaccines, is at risk. Defunding science weakens our ability to solve problems and compete globally.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Humanos , Argentina , Pesquisa Biomédica/economia , Pesquisa Biomédica/educação , Ciência/economia , Ciência/educação , Fuga de CérebrosAssuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Governo Federal , Política , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Ciência , Argentina , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto/economia , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto/legislação & jurisprudência , Pesquisa Biomédica/economia , Pesquisa Biomédica/legislação & jurisprudência , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Ciência/economia , Ciência/legislação & jurisprudência , Ciência/tendênciasAssuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/organização & administração , Bolsas de Estudo/organização & administração , Equidade de Gênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Internato e Residência/organização & administração , Cirurgia Plástica/educação , Pesquisa Biomédica/economia , Pesquisa Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Bolsas de Estudo/economia , Bolsas de Estudo/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Internato e Residência/economia , Internato e Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Cirurgia Plástica/economia , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/economia , Pediatria/economia , Criança , Análise Custo-Benefício , HumanosRESUMO
Adolescents comprise one fourth of the world's population, with about 90% of them living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The incidence of depression markedly increases during adolescence, making the disorder a leading cause of disease-related disability in this age group. However, most research on adolescent depression has been performed in high-income countries (HICs). To ascertain the extent to which this disparity operates in neuroimaging research, a systematic review of the literature was performed. A total of 148 studies were identified, with neuroimaging data available for 4,729 adolescents with depression. When stratified by income group, 122 (82%) studies originated from HICs, while 26 (18%) were conducted in LMICs, for a total of 3,705 and 1,024 adolescents with depression respectively. A positive Spearman rank correlation was observed between country per capita income and sample size (rs=0.673, p = 0.023). Our results support the previous reports showing a large disparity between the number of studies and the adolescent population per world region. Future research comparing neuroimaging findings across populations from HICs and LMICs may provide unique insights to enhance our understanding of the neurobiological processes underlying the development of depression.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/métodos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Depressão/diagnóstico por imagem , Países em Desenvolvimento , Saúde Global , Neuroimagem/métodos , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Pesquisa Biomédica/economia , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Bases de Dados Factuais/economia , Bases de Dados Factuais/tendências , Depressão/economia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento/economia , Saúde Global/economia , Saúde Global/tendências , Humanos , Neuroimagem/economia , Neuroimagem/tendências , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread throughout more than 160 countries, infecting millions of people worldwide. To address this health emergency, countries have organized the flow of production and innovation to reduce the impact on health. This article shows the response of the Brazilian scientific community to meet the urgent needs of the public unified health system [SUS], aiming to guarantee universal access to an estimated population of 211 million. By December 2020, Brazil had recorded more than six million cases and approximately 175,000 deaths. METHODS: We collected data on research, development and innovation projects carried out by 114 public universities (plus Oswaldo Cruz Foundation [Fiocruz] and Butantan Institute), as reported on their websites. Additionally, we examined the studies on COVID-19 approved by the National Comission for Research Ethics, as well as those reported on the Ministry of Education website as of May 15, 2020. RESULTS: The 789 identified projects were classified according to research categories as follows: development and innovation (n = 280), other types of projects (n = 226), epidemiologic research (n = 211), and basic research on disease mechanisms (n = 72). Most proposals focused on the development and innovation of personal protective equipment, medical devices, diagnostic tests, medicines and vaccines, which were rapidly identified as research priorities by the scientific community. Some promising results have been observed from phase III vaccine trials, one of which is conducted in partnership with Oxford University and another of which is performed with Sinovac Biotech. Both trials involve thousands of volunteers in their Brazilian arms and include technology transfer agreements with Fiocruz and the Butantan Institute, respectively. These vaccines proved to be safe and effective and were immediately licensed for emergency use. The provision of doses for the public health system, and vaccination, started on January 17, 2021. CONCLUSIONS: The mobilized Brazilian scientific community has generated comprehensive research, development and innovation proposals to meet the most urgent needs. It is important to emphasize that this response was only possible due to decades of investment in research, development and innovation in Brazil. We need to reinforce and protect the Brazilian science, technology and innovation system from austerity policies that disregard health and knowledge as crucial investments for Brazilian society, in line with the constitutional right of universal health access and universal health coverage.