RESUMO
We evaluated the efficacy of azithromycin (50 mg/kg, every 12 h [q12h] orally) and miltefosine (25 mg/kg, q24h orally) treatments in an experimental model of vascular/disseminated pythiosis in immunosuppressed mice. Azithromycin was the only treatment able to reduce mortality. The histopathological findings showed acute vascular inflammation, pathogen dissemination, necrotizing myositis, neuritis, and arteritis. The results suggest that azithromycin, but not miltefosine, may have clinical relevance in the treatment of vascular/disseminated pythiosis.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Fosforilcolina/análogos & derivados , Pitiose/tratamento farmacológico , Pythium/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/imunologia , Camundongos , Fosforilcolina/uso terapêutico , Pitiose/parasitologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The oomycete Pythium insidiosum infects humans and animals worldwide, and causes the life-threatening condition, called pythosis. Most patients lose infected organs or die from the disease. Comparative genomic analyses of different P. insidiosum strains could provide new insights into its pathobiology, and can lead to discovery of an effective treatment method. Several draft genomes of P. insidiosum are publicly available: three from Asia (Thailand), and one each from North (the United States) and Central (Costa Rica) Americas. We report another draft genome of P. insidiosum isolated from South America (Brazil), to serve as a resource for comprehensive genomic studies. DATA DESCRIPTION: In this study, we report genome sequence of the P. insidiosum strain CBS 101555, isolated from a horse with pythiosis in Brazil. One paired-end (180-bp insert) library of processed genomic DNA was prepared for Illumina HiSeq 2500-based sequencing. Assembly of raw reads provided genome size of 48.9 Mb, comprising 60,602 contigs. A total of 23,254 genes were predicted and classified into 18,305 homologous gene clusters. Compared with the reference genome (the P. insidiosum strain Pi-S), 1,475,337 sequence variants (SNPs and INDELs) were identified in the organism. The genome sequence data has been deposited in DDBJ under the accession numbers BCFP01000001-BCFP01060602.
Assuntos
Cavalos/parasitologia , Pitiose/parasitologia , Pythium/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Animais , BrasilRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum to combinations of the antifungal drugs terbinafine or itraconazole with Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita and Origanum vulgare essential oils (EOs). METHODS AND RESULTS: In vitro combinations of antifungal drugs with EOs were evaluated by checkerboard microdilution method against 20 Brazilian isolates of P. insidiosum. The tests were performed according to protocol M38-A2, and the interpretation of each combination result was based on the values of the fractional inhibitory concentration index. The combinations of itraconazole with EOs presented prominent synergistic effects against P. insidiosum isolates, and no antagonism was observed with these combinations. However, the combinations of terbinafine with EOs resulted in indifferent or antagonistic effects. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of plant-derived bioactive compounds with antifungal drugs may be an alternative therapy for the control of infections caused by P. insidiosum. Studies of new therapeutic protocols involving these proposed combinations are needed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The antimicrobial combinations using EOs with terbinafine or itraconazole can be an attractive therapeutic option for controlling P. insidiosum infections.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Mentha piperita/química , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Origanum/química , Pythium/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Brasil , Quimioterapia Combinada , Doenças dos Cavalos/tratamento farmacológico , Cavalos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pitiose/tratamento farmacológico , Pitiose/parasitologia , TerbinafinaRESUMO
Our study describes the clinical, epidemiologic, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular aspects PCR of a case of cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (Equus asinus) from Brazil. During a dry period, the animal grazed for 4 months around a pond where the vegetation remained green. Skin lesions were nodular, multifocal, and disseminated, mainly involving the legs, ventral chest, and mammary gland. On cut surface, there were multifocal to coalescent discrete yellow foci, and occasional small cavitations with a few kunkers. Ulcerative nodular pyogranulomatous and eosinophilic dermatitis with folliculitis and furunculosis were observed histologically. Hyphae were observed in sections stained with Gomori methenamine silver. Immunohistochemistry with Pythium insidiosum antibodies yielded strong immunostaining of hyphae. P. insidiosum DNA was extracted from tissues in paraffin blocks by amplification of a fragment of 105 bp, which targets the 5.8S ribosomal gene. After the diagnosis of pythiosis, the larger skin lesions were excised and treated as second intention healing wounds, which were completely healed 30 days after resection. Small skin lesions regressed spontaneously in ~60 days. The granulomatous inflammation and outcome of the disease in this donkey were similar to cases of pythiosis in cattle.
Assuntos
Equidae , Pitiose/diagnóstico , Pythium/isolamento & purificação , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Inflamação/parasitologia , Inflamação/terapia , Inflamação/veterinária , Pitiose/parasitologia , Pitiose/terapia , Pythium/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapiaRESUMO
Pythiosis is reported for the first time in a goat. The affected goat had daily access to an aquatic environment and had developed an ulcerative lesion on the skin of the left hindlimb. Microscopically, there were dermal pyogranulomas with 'negatively stained' hyphae, which were identified immunohistochemically as Pythium insidiosum.