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Background and objectives: Pytiriasis alba (PA) is a common skin disorder which affects 80% of children between six and 16 years. The etiology of PA is unclear, but hypo-pigmented patches in photo-exposed zones characterize the disease. Because the high ultraviolet exposition of the skin promotes an acute inflammatory response and an increase of oxidative stress (OS), this study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of inflammatory and OS-related genes in skin biopsies, and their association with PA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Skin biopsies of the lesion sites and healthy skin (controls) from 16 children with PA were evaluated. The tissue expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A, TNFα, INFγ, IL-1ß, SOD1, and HMOX1 was analyzed by qRT-PCR, using SYBR Green and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene as the endogenous control. Results: There were differences in the ΔCq values of HMOX1, SOD1, IL-6, and IFNγ between tissue with lesions and healthy skin (p < 0.05). Compared with healthy skin, IL-6, IFNγ, HMOX1, and SOD1 were predominantly under-expressed in the lesion sites. However, 25% of skin biopsies with lesions showed over-expression of these four genes. Positive correlations between the expression of IL-6 and HMOX1, SOD1, and IFNγ (p < 0.05) were also observed. Conclusions: Our results suggest the presence of molecular stages of PA, defined according to the over-expression (first stage) or under-expression (second stage) of the HMOX1, SOD1, IL-6, and IFNγ genes in abnormal skin tissue. These findings may have implications for the selection of treatment for PA-related lesions.

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Pityriasis amiantacea was first described in 1832. The disease may be secondary to any skin condition that primarily affects the scalp, including seborrheic dermatitis. Its pathogenesis remains uncertain. We aim to analyze the epidemiological and clinical profiles of patients with pityriasis amiantacea to better understand treatment responses. We identified seven cases of pityriasis amiantacea and a female predominance in a sample of 63 pediatric patients with seborrheic dermatitis followed for an average of 20.4 months. We reported a mean age of 5.9 years. Five patients were female, with a mean age of 9 years. All patients were successfully treated with topic ketoconazole.

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Objetivo: Describir las características clínico-epidemiológicas de la pitiriasis alba en la población de 6 a 16 años en los colegios nacionales del distrito de Mesones Muro, durante el periodo MarzoûJunio 2010. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal. Se usó una ficha de recolección de datos clínicos- epidemiológicos y una ficha de patologías asociadas y antecedentes dirigida a padres o apoderados. Se utilizó el programa Epidat v.3,1, para hallar el índice kappa que indicó la fiabilidad de concordancia entre evaluadores. Se utilizó toda la población de 6 a 16 años de colegios nacionales que pertenecen a la jurisdicción educativa del distrito. Se usó estadística descriptiva y analítica, con nivel de significancia p<0,05. Para el análisis se empleó el programa SPSS v.17,0. Resultados: De 548 estudiantes, 390(71,2%) presentaron pitiriasis alba. La edad promedio fue de 10,16±2,99 años; sexo masculino 52,6%; etapa adolescente 55,1%; localización más frecuente cara con 93,6%; lesiones múltiples en 92,3%; fototipo de piel más afectado IV con 61,8%; tiempo de enfermedad fue 5,34 ±6,85 años. Hay asociación entre pitiriasis alba con: patologías asociadas de acné; antecedentes personales de pitiriasis alba y atopía; y antecedentes familiares de pitiriasis alba y rinitis alérgica, encontrada con prueba chi2 y test exacto de Fisher con p<0,05. Conclusiones: La pitiriasis alba en Mesones Muro es un problema común. Las características epidemiológicas difieren de las encontradas en otras poblaciones, las características clínicas son similares a otras poblaciones. Se encontró asociación entre pitiriasis alba con patología asociada de acné; antecedentes personales de pitiriasis alba y atopía; mas no se encontró asociación de pitiriasis alba con sexo y edad por etapas de vida.

Objective: To describe clinical and epidemiological features of pityriasis alba in a 6- to 16- year old population of students from public schools in Mesones-Muro district, from March to June 2010. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive, prospective and crosssectional study. We collected clinical and epidemiological data, including associated diseases and clinical history in a specially designed form, which was administered to parents and/or guardians. We used the Epidat v. 3.1 software, in order to find the kappa index which indicated the reliability of agreement between raters. We surveyed the whole 6- to16- year old schoolchildren population from public schools belonging to this district educational jurisdiction. We used descriptive and analytical statistics, and significance was fixed with using a p <0.05 value. SPSSv.17.0. software was used for data analysis. Results: Out of 548 students assessed, 390 (71.2%) had pityriasis alba.Their average age was 10.16 ± 2.99 years, 52.6% were male, and 55.1% were adolescents. Facial lesions were found in 93.6%, multiple lesions in 92.3%, the skin phototype IV was most frequently affected (61.8%), and the time with the condition was 5.34 ± 6.85 years. We found an association between pityriasis alba and the following conditions: acne, a history of atopy, and a family history of pityriasis alba and allergic rhinitis, according to chi2 testing and FisherÆs exact test all with p <0.05. Conclusions: Pityriasis alba is a common problem in Mesones-Muro district. Its epidemiological characteristics differ from those found in other populations, but its clinical features are similar to those reported in other populations. There was an association between pityriasis alba with associated conditions, such as acne and a history of atopy, but there was no association between pityriasis alba and sex and life development stages.

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A Pitiríase versicolor(PV) é uma micose superficial causada por leveduras do gênero Malassezia. Caracteriza­-se por manchas de tonalidades diversas, arredondadas, que podem formar placas, com descamação furfurácea. 0 diagnóstico de PV é clínico, associado ao exame micológico direto e cultura. Buscou-se avaliar a epidemiologia da PV na cidade de João Pessoa, PB, correlacionando sexo, faixa etária, raça, localizações das lesões e exame direto e cultura. 0 estudo exploratório e descritivo foi realizado no Laboratório de Micologia do Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas/CCS da Universidade Federal da Paraíba de 1999 a 2008. Em 196 pacientes com suspeita clínica de PV, houve predomínio no gênero feminino (62,24%). A faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos de idade foi a mais acometida. Houve registro de 53,57% pardos, 46,42% brancos, sem registro de negros. A região anatômica mais envolvida foi o trance (71,36%). 0 exame direto e cultura foram realizados para confirmar o diagnóstico. A PV ocorre em todas as idades, em especial adolescentes e adultos, sendo o gênero feminino e indivfduos da cor parda os rnais afetados.

Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a superficial mycosis caused by yeasts of the genus Malassezia. It is characterized by round patches of various shades, which can form plaques with desquamation furfuracea. The diagnosis of PV is clinical and it is associated with the direct mycological examination and culture. The exploratory and descriptive study was conducted at the Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences /CCS,Universidade Federal da Paraiba from 1999 to 2008. In 196 patients with clinical suspicion of PV, there was a predominance in females (62.24%). The age group 21 to 30 years of age was the most affected. There was record of 53.57% brown, 46.42% white, with no record of blacks. The most involved anatomical region was the trunk (71.36%). The direct examination and culture were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The PV occurs in all ages, especially adolescents and adults, being the females of brown color the most affected individuals.

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BACKGROUND: Since limited data on superficial fungal infections in teenagers exist in our setting, this study provides the first description of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these infections among teenagers in Lima and Callao, Peru. METHODOLOGY: The study involved 1,387 adolescents in five public schools from June to November 2006. Participants were examined for superficial fungal lesions. Samples of skin scrapings for microbiological investigations were obtained from suspicious lesions. RESULTS: A total of 257 subjects were identified with suspected superficial fungal infections. Microbiological assessment was positive for 166 of 257 (64.59%). The average prevalence was 12.61% with variation between different districts. Males were more affected (64%) than females (36%) (p = 0.001). Pet ownership, use of public baths, and wearing sneakers were identified as important risk factors. The majority (61.5%) of the subjects presented with itching although 38.5% were asymptomatic. Tinea pedis was observed in 62.6%, onychomycosis in 24% and pityriasis versicolor in 10.8%. Dermatophytes were isolated in 105 cases with T. rubrum being identified in 86 cases (59.7%), T. mentagrophytes in 14 (9.7%) and yeast in 39 (23.4%). Malassezia spp. was found by direct examination in 18 cases (12.5%), C. kruseii in 8 cases (5.6%), and C. albicans in 2 cases (1.4%). Mixed infections were found in 22 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Superficial fungal infection manifesting as tinea pedis, onychomycosysis and tinea versicolor is prevalent in our setting. As many infections remain asymptomatic, regular examination of this population is advocated. The associated risk factors for these infections also need to be addressed.

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A pitiríase versicolor é uma infecção fúngica superficial e cosmopolita, provocada por leveduras do gênero Malassezia. Indivíduos humanos, após a puberdade, são os mais suscetíveis à manifestação dessa micose, devido à característica lipofílica do fungo. Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 1999, sendo analisadas 1.805 fichas de pacientes atendidos no setor de micologia de um laboratório da rede privada de Goiânia-GO, Brasil. No grupo de indivíduos humanos acometidos de micoses superficiais, a prevalência de pitiríase versicolor foi de 17,0 por cento. No estudo realizado a maioria dos pacientes com essa micose era do sexo feminino, na faixa etária entre 31 e 40 anos, pele de cor morena e possuía lesões furfuráceas hipopigmentadas na região dorsal do corpo. Assim a pitiríase versicolor continua sendo uma das doenças fúngicas relevantes dentro das micoses que acometem a superfície da pele do homem.

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BACKGROUND: The aetiology of pityriasis alba (PA), a common dermatosis in childhood, is still controversial. The objective of this study was to assess the possible aetiopathogenic factors of this disease in infants. METHODS: Forty-four patients with PA and 31 healthy children were examined and compared. Personal hygiene habits, sun exposure, presence of Staphylococcus aureus in nasal fossae and presence of major or minor signs of atopy were assessed during anamnesis and physical examination. Susceptibility to ultraviolet (UV) B radiation was measured by the onset of a contact hypersensitivity reaction to diphenylcyclopropenone in individuals sensitized in previously irradiated areas. RESULTS: The prevalence of PA was higher in individuals with darker skin, in high phototype categories, as well as in males. The number of daily baths and sun exposure between 10.00 h and 15.00 h were significantly higher in the PA group when compared with controls (P = 0.03 and P = 0.0015, respectively). The presence of atopy signs was more common in pityriasis patients (P = 0.002). Susceptibility to UVB radiation was 29.6% in the PA group vs. 29.0% in the control group; nevertheless, important differences were found after stratification in order to control possible confounding factors. The presence of S. aureus in the nostrils was equal in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that PA, in our population, is more prevalent in males and in individuals in higher phototype categories. In those with inadequate personal hygiene and sun exposure habits the disease is more accentuated, demonstrating that the xerosis presenting in individuals with atopic diathesis is an important element in the development of the disease. S. aureus is not an important aetiopathogenic factor in PA. Susceptibility to UVB becomes important when related to the patient's phototype.

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Com base em importantes trabalhos da literatura internacional realizados na última década sobre Pitiríase versicolor, os autores fazem uma extensa revisäo bibliográfica do tema, abordando especialmente aspectos históricos, etiológicos, etiopatogênicos, epidemiológicos, histopatológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos

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Pityriasis alba (PA) is a relatively common skin disorder usually seen in children and young adults characterized by the presence of superficial hypopigmented macules. A clinicopathologic study on pityriasis alba was undertaken which showed an increased occurrence of the disease in preadolescent children with an equal incidence in boys and girls, and a predominance of white over black patients. There was an increased personal history of atopy and the skin lesions were found to occur most frequently in the arms and face followed by the legs and the trunk. Histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens of PA showed consistent spongiosis, follicular spongiosis, focal parakeratosis and acanthosis in the epidermis together with a superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate.

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Pityriasis alba (PA) is a relatively common skin disorder usually seen in children and young adults characterized by the presence of superficial hypopigmented macules. A clinicopathologic study on pityriasis alba was undertaken which showed an increased ocurrence of the disease in preadolescent children with

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