RESUMO
The use of prototypes as testing instruments has become a common strategy in the innovation of services and products and increasingly in the implementation of "smart" urban policies through living labs or pilots. As a technique for validating hypotheses about the future performance of products or policies, prototyping is based on the idea of generating original knowledge through the failures produced during the testing process. Through the study of an experimentation and prototyping project developed in Santiago de Chile called "Shared Streets for a Low-Carbon District," I analyse the technique of prototyping as a political device that can make visible (or invisible) certain entities and issues, determining what the experimental entities can do and say. I will show how the technique of prototyping defines modes of participation, what is visible and thinkable, what can be spoken and what is unspeakable. In this sense, I examine two ambivalent capacities of prototyping: as a mechanism of management and enrolment that seeks to prescribe normativities (problem-validating prototype) and as an event that can make frictions tangible, articulating matters of concern and ways to open up alternative scenarios (problem-making prototype).
Assuntos
Planejamento de Cidades/métodos , Chile , Humanos , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
Recently, citizen involvement has been increasingly used in urban disaster prevention and management, taking advantage of new ubiquitous and collaborative technologies. This scenario has created a unique opportunity to leverage the work of crowds of volunteers. As a result, crowdsourcing approaches for disaster prevention and management have been proposed and evaluated. However, the articulation of citizens, tasks, and outcomes as a continuous flow of knowledge generation reveals a complex ecosystem that requires coordination efforts to manage interdependencies in crowd work. To tackle this challenging problem, this paper extends to the context of urban emergency management the results of a previous study that investigates how crowd work is managed in crowdsourcing platforms applied to urban planning. The goal is to understand how crowdsourcing techniques and quality control dimensions used in urban planning could be used to support urban emergency management, especially in the context of mining-related dam outages. Through a systematic literature review, our study makes a comparison between crowdsourcing tools designed for urban planning and urban emergency management and proposes a five-dimension typology of quality in crowdsourcing, which can be leveraged for optimizing urban planning and emergency management processes.
Assuntos
Planejamento de Cidades/métodos , Ecossistema , HumanosRESUMO
A população idosa cresce e as áreas urbanas se expandem mundialmente. Esta realidade interfere na qualidade de vida dos idosos, o que pode afetar sua saúde. Por esta razão, a questão vem sendo discutida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, que criou o "Guia Global da Cidade Amiga do Idoso", no intuito de identificar pontos fracos e fortes de cidades e localidades quanto à sua amigabil idade ao envelhecimento. Assim, este estudo conduz uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando-se da técnica de grupo focal e das diretrizes do guia, para diagnosticar uma região da cidade de Belo Horizonte quanto a seus aspectos amigáveis aos idosos lá residentes. Contou com a participação de mais de 30 pessoas, idosas e não idosas, e concluiu que a região tem potencial para ser considerada amiga do idoso. (AU)
The elderly population grows, and the urban areas expand worldwide. This reality interferes with elderly's life quality, which may affect their health. For this reason, this issue has been discussed by the World Health Organization, which created the document "Global Age-Friendly Cities: a Guide", in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of cities and localities regarding their age-friendliness. Thus, this study conducts a qualitative research, uses the focus group technique and the Guide's guidelines to diagnose a region of Belo Horizonte city concerning its age-friendly aspects. Over 30 individuals, older and younger, participated in the research. The conclusion is that the region has potential to be considered age-friendly. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Saúde do Idoso , Cidades , Planejamento de Cidades/métodos , Envelhecimento Saudável , Organização Mundial da Saúde , BrasilRESUMO
This project was developed in the Architecture and Urbanism course by the Architecture and Urbanism in the Amazon Research Group. Its aim is the analysis of the implementation of a housing in the city of Macapá. The project is part of a program with resources coming from the Brazilian Government called "Minha Casa Minha Vida", and it was built on a federal road, between the two main cities of the state of Amapá. The results expose the contradictions highlighting the need for greater integration in urban policy.
Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido no Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo através do Grupo de Pesquisa Arquitetura e Urbanismo na Amazônia. O objetivo é a análise da experiência de implantação de um conjunto habitacional na cidade de Macapá. O projeto é parte do programa oriundo dos recursos do PAC e do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida construído em uma BR federal entre as duas principais cidades do estado do Amapá. Os resultados expõe mas contradições que evidenciam a necessidade de maior integração das políticas urbanas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Formulação de Políticas , Planejamento de Cidades/economia , Planejamento de Cidades/organização & administração , Política Pública , Políticas , Cidades/economia , Habitação/legislação & jurisprudência , Planejamento de Cidades/métodosRESUMO
This project was developed in the Architecture and Urbanism course by the Architecture and Urbanism in the Amazon Research Group. Its aim is the analysis of the implementation of a housing in the city of Macapá. The project is part of a program with resources coming from the Brazilian Government called "Minha Casa Minha Vida", and it was built on a federal road, between the two main cities of the state of Amapá. The results expose the contradictions highlighting the need for greater integration in urban policy.(AU)
Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido no Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo através do Grupo de Pesquisa Arquitetura e Urbanismo na Amazônia. O objetivo é a análise da experiência de implantação de um conjunto habitacional na cidade de Macapá. O projeto é parte do programa oriundo dos recursos do PAC e do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida construído em uma BR federal entre as duas principais cidades do estado do Amapá. Os resultados expõe mas contradições que evidenciam a necessidade de maior integração das políticas urbanas.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Planejamento de Cidades/economia , Planejamento de Cidades/organização & administração , Formulação de Políticas , Política Pública , Políticas , Cidades/economia , Habitação/legislação & jurisprudência , Planejamento de Cidades/métodosRESUMO
Qualitative analyses were carried out on solid medium with insoluble collagen 0.25% (w/v) to detect proteases with collagenolytic activity produced by Bacillus sp. In cultures incubated for 24 h, a 23 full factorial design with four repetitions at the center point was developed to analyze the effects and interactions between initial pH, temperature and the concentration of gelatin. Based on the results of the first 23 full factorial design, a successive 23 full factorial design was performed. The most favorable production conditions were found to be 1.5% (w/v) gelatin, pH 9.0 and 37 °C with enzymatic activity of 86.27 U/mL. The enzyme showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 9.0, and it was stable over wide pH (7.2-10.0) and temperature (45 °C-60 °C) ranges. These results indicate that Bacillus sp DPUA 1728 is a potential source for producing collagenolytic protease with possible biotechnological applications, such as in the food, cosmetics and leather industries.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Planejamento de Cidades/métodos , Planejamento Ambiental , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Características de Residência , Apoio Social , Acelerometria , Cidades , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Atividades de Lazer , Logradouros Públicos , Análise de Regressão , Comportamento Sedentário , Percepção Espacial , Meios de Transporte/métodos , CaminhadaRESUMO
The aim of this study is to examine the spatial distribution of pedestrian injury collisions and analyse the environmental (social and physical) risk factors in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. More specifically, this study investigates the influence of land use, density, traffic and socio-economic characteristics. This cross sectional study is based on pedestrian injury collision data that were collected by the Municipal Transit Police during 2008-2009. This research presents an analysis of vehicle-pedestrian collisions and their spatial risk determinants using mixed methods that included (1) spatial/geographical information systems (GIS) analysis of pedestrian collision data and (2) ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis to explain the density of pedestrian collisions data. In our model, we found a higher probability for pedestrian collisions in census tracts with population and employment density, large concentration of commercial/retail land uses and older people (65 and more). Interventions to alleviate this situation including transportation planning such as decentralisation of municipal transport system, investment in road infrastructure - density of traffic lights, pedestrian crossing, road design, improves lane demarcation. Besides, land use planning interventions should be implemented in commercial/retail areas, in particular separating pedestrian and vehicular spaces.