RESUMO
Knowledge of infectious diseases in wildlife provides important information for preventing potential outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. Adiaspiromycosis is a neglected human disease caused by dimorphic Onygenales fungi. The disease is produced by the inflammatory response against growing adiaspores, leading to granulomatous pneumonia. In humans, adiaspiromycosis is relevant in immunosuppressed patients. In animals, it is associated with pneumonia in fossorial species. Given the potential role of armadillos in the epidemiology of adiaspiromycosis, in this study, we sought to investigate the occurrence and pathological features of adiaspiromycosis in roadkilled armadillos. In total, 54 armadillo carcasses were suitable for postmortem pathologic examinations between February 2017 and 2020. Adiaspores, associated with granulomatous lesions, were observed in ten six-banded (Euphractus sexcinctus) and two southern naked-tailed armadillos (Cabassous unicinctus). A previously uncharacterized Onygenales species was molecularly identified in two E. sexcinctus. In summary, herein we report 12 cases of pulmonary adiaspiromycosis (PA) in two species of free-living armadillos in Brazil. Both, the morphology of the fungus, as well as the histopathological findings (granulomatous inflammatory response to adiaspores) are consistent with PA; however, as the molecular identification differs from the reported species, the potential impact of this fungus for human PA is unknown, and we cannot rule out its impact on public health.
Assuntos
Tatus/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/veterinária , Veículos Automotores , Animais , BrasilRESUMO
Background: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis whose etiologic agent is the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This fungal infection, which is the second most frequent systemic mycotic fungal disease in felines in the United States, has rarely been found in cats in Brazil. This paper reports on a case of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in a domestic cat treated with oral itraconazole associated with amphotericin B administered subcutaneously. This treatment resulted in clinical remission of the patients symptoms, as evidenced by radiographic follow-ups.Case: A domestic cat suffering from acute dyspnea was taken to a veterinary clinic. The animal was subjected to emergency oxygen therapy, and kept at rest through sedation with midazolam. A physical examination revealed normally colored mucosa, 8% dehydration, bristly fur, body condition score 2/9, tachypnea with respiratory rate of 100 breaths per minute and expiratory dyspnea. The radiographic examination showed marked opacification of all the pulmonary fields, with a mixed pattern (interstitial and alveolar) of heterogeneous appearance and diffuse distribution, which are changes consistent with an inflammatory infectious process (pneumonia). A cytological analysis of the pleural fluid revealed round to oval-shaped intracytoplasmic structures, varying in size from 2 to 4 μm, inside foamy macrophages, consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. Based on the diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis, and in view of the patients acute respiratory distress, it was decided to treat the cat using itraconazole associated with amphotericin B. Itraconazole was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/cat every 24 h, while amphotericin B was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, combined with 100 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% and 100 mL of 5% glycated serum, with monitoring of serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA).[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Histoplasmose/diagnóstico por imagem , Histoplasmose/tratamento farmacológico , Histoplasmose/veterinária , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/veterinária , Itraconazol/administração & dosagem , Anfotericina B/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Background: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis whose etiologic agent is the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This fungal infection, which is the second most frequent systemic mycotic fungal disease in felines in the United States, has rarely been found in cats in Brazil. This paper reports on a case of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in a domestic cat treated with oral itraconazole associated with amphotericin B administered subcutaneously. This treatment resulted in clinical remission of the patients symptoms, as evidenced by radiographic follow-ups.Case: A domestic cat suffering from acute dyspnea was taken to a veterinary clinic. The animal was subjected to emergency oxygen therapy, and kept at rest through sedation with midazolam. A physical examination revealed normally colored mucosa, 8% dehydration, bristly fur, body condition score 2/9, tachypnea with respiratory rate of 100 breaths per minute and expiratory dyspnea. The radiographic examination showed marked opacification of all the pulmonary fields, with a mixed pattern (interstitial and alveolar) of heterogeneous appearance and diffuse distribution, which are changes consistent with an inflammatory infectious process (pneumonia). A cytological analysis of the pleural fluid revealed round to oval-shaped intracytoplasmic structures, varying in size from 2 to 4 μm, inside foamy macrophages, consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. Based on the diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis, and in view of the patients acute respiratory distress, it was decided to treat the cat using itraconazole associated with amphotericin B. Itraconazole was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/cat every 24 h, while amphotericin B was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, combined with 100 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% and 100 mL of 5% glycated serum, with monitoring of serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA).[...]
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gatos , Anfotericina B/administração & dosagem , Histoplasmose/diagnóstico por imagem , Histoplasmose/tratamento farmacológico , Histoplasmose/veterinária , Itraconazol/administração & dosagem , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcus gattii-induced cryptococcosis is an emerging infectious disease of humans and animals with worldwide distribution and public health importance due to its significant morbidity and mortality rate. The present study aimed to report a case of pulmonary infection by C. gattii molecular type VGII in State of São Paulo, Brazil. CASE PRESENTATION: A 5-year-old goat showing intermittent dry cough, ruminal tympany, anorexia, fever, tachycardia and tachypnea was presented for necropsy at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil. Postmortem examination revealed numerous 2.0-6.0 cm diameter yellow gelatinous pulmonary masses. Tissues were evaluated by a combination of pathological, mycological, and molecular diagnostic techniques. Microscopically, pneumonia granulomatous, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, with many intralesional carminophilic yeasts was observed. The immunohistochemistry and mycological culture confirmed Cryptococcus spp. Internal transcribed spacers and orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase nucleotide differentiation demonstrated that the isolate corresponds to the C. gattii VGII molecular subtype. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pulmonary infection in a goat linked to C. gattii molecular type VGII in Southeastern Brazil. Our findings emphasize the need for an active surveillance program for human and animal new infections to improve the current public health policies due to expansion of the epidemiological niche of this important microorganism.
Assuntos
Criptococose/veterinária , Cryptococcus gattii/genética , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Criptococose/diagnóstico , Criptococose/microbiologia , Criptococose/patologia , DNA Fúngico/genética , Evolução Fatal , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cabras/patologia , Cabras , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/patologia , Tipagem Molecular/veterináriaRESUMO
To analyze the eco-epidemiologic aspects of Histoplasma capsulatum in Brazil, we tested 83 bats for this fungus. Although H. capsulatum was not isolated, Coccidioides posadasii was recovered from Carollia perspicillata bat lungs. Immunologic studies detected coccidioidal antibodies and antigens in Glossophaga soricina and Desmodus rotundus bats.
Assuntos
Quirópteros/microbiologia , Coccidioides/isolamento & purificação , Coccidioidomicose/veterinária , Doenças Endêmicas , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antifúngicos/metabolismo , Brasil , Quirópteros/imunologia , Coccidioides/imunologia , Coccidioidomicose/epidemiologia , Coccidioidomicose/imunologia , Coccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Fígado/imunologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/epidemiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/imunologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologia , CamundongosRESUMO
Cryptococcosis is considered a zoonosis but is rare in stock animals. In humans it is imputed to be a mortality cause in immunocompromised patients. This case study reports the anatomopathology of respiratory cryptococcosis in ovine and the recuperation and identification of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans from 1-year frozen lung tissue sample. The findings from haematoxylin/eosin staining microscopy and special staining showed the destruction of the columnar respiratory epithelium architecture associated to suppuration, and the growth of spherical yeast buddings sometimes involved by clear halo produced by unstained capsular substance. The agent was identified by miniApi ID32C, while variety neoformans was further identified by culture in CGB agar. The diagnosis in stock animal suggests the involvement of an exogenous source of the agent as an alert to public health and contributes for epidemiological investigations.
Assuntos
Criptococose/veterinária , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolamento & purificação , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/veterinária , Doenças dos Ovinos/microbiologia , Animais , Criptococose/microbiologia , Criptococose/patologia , Histocitoquímica/veterinária , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/patologia , Masculino , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Zoonoses/microbiologiaRESUMO
Commercial raising of rheas is currently in expansion in the south of Brazil, and many diseases previously restricted to other avian species are currently emerging on rhea farms, especially as a result of careless management of these animals. The objective of the present article is to report a pulmonary aspergillosis outbreak that occurred in great rhea (Rhea americana) in the south of Brazil. About 50 birds aged 30 to 60 days died suddenly and one of them was submitted to autopsy which revealed the presence of white caseous nodules 0.5 mm in diameter occupying 95% of the lung area. One lung was sent to the Federal University of Santa Maria for histopathological and mycological analyses. Histopathological analysis revealed multifocal areas with necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates and the presence of fungal hyphae, giant cells and fibrous tissue proliferation at the periphery. Aspergillus fumigatus was recovered as pure culture from all culture media. This appears to be the first report of aspergillosis among great rhea in Brazil and the second in the world.
Assuntos
Aspergilose/veterinária , Aspergillus fumigatus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/veterinária , Reiformes , Animais , Aspergilose/microbiologia , Brasil , Histocitoquímica/veterinária , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
A 5-mo-old great rhea (Rhea americana) gradually became emaciated over a 1-wk period and died. Necropsy revealed several small yellow nodules in the lungs. Microscopically, the nodules consisted of granulomas containing numerous thin, 4-microm-diameter, septate, branching fungal hyphae. Aspergillus fumigatus grew readily on Sabouraud dextrose agar. This report appears to be the first of mycotic pneumonia in great rheas.
Assuntos
Aspergilose/veterinária , Aspergillus fumigatus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Aves/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/veterinária , Reiformes , Animais , Aspergilose/diagnóstico , Aspergilose/patologia , Aspergillus fumigatus/patogenicidade , Doenças das Aves/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Granuloma/microbiologia , Granuloma/patologia , Granuloma/veterinária , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/patologiaRESUMO
A study conducted in a rural area of Ibiá, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was recently isolated from soil, sought to determine if the armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus developed paracoccidioidomycosis. Out of 21 armadillos captured in the area, one had a lung granuloma containing fungal cells attributable to those of P. brasiliensis. The present report presents the first histopathological evidence for the presence of this pathogen in the lungs of an armadillo. This finding permitted us to establish a linkage between the two species and to suggest that fungal infections of humans and of armadillos occur in the same agricultural and forest microenvironment that they share.
Assuntos
Tatus/microbiologia , Paracoccidioidomicose/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ecossistema , Granuloma/patologia , Granuloma/veterinária , Humanos , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/patologia , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/veterinária , Paracoccidioides/isolamento & purificação , Paracoccidioides/patogenicidade , Paracoccidioidomicose/epidemiologia , Paracoccidioidomicose/patologia , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
A case of fatal pulmonary infection in a female tortoise (Tachemys scripta) imported into Spain from Cuba is reported. Necropsy revealed general pulmonary congestion with pleuritis and a large number of yellowish nodules of the granulomatous type, similar to aspergillomata. Histological examination showed some infiltration of round cells, surrounding a small mass of fungal hyphae. Culturing on Sabouraud glucose agar, demonstrated the presence of a fungus whose macroscopic and microscopic characteristics corresponded to those of Beauveria bassiana.