RESUMO
The objective of this study was to elaborate chemically defined extender based on casein, added with polyphenolic antioxidants, for the freezing of semen from ram breeders. To evaluate Tris-casein (5% glycerol), plus polyphenols, four semen pools from three rams sires were frozen (0µM; 10µM resveratrol; 5µM quercetin; 25µM catechin; 25µM catechin + 10µM resveratrol; 25µM catechin + 5µM quercetin; 10 µM resveratrol + 5µM quercetin; 25µM catechin + 10µM resveratrol + 5µM quercetin). After thawing, the samples were evaluated for sperm kinetics, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. There was no significant difference (p≥0.05) between the control group and the treatments for any of the evaluated parameters. However, it can be seen that the Tris-casein extender was efficient in cryopreserving ram semen. It is concluded that the Tris-casein extender can be used for freezing ram semen.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Ovinos , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/biossíntese , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Preservação do Sêmen/veterináriaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to elaborate chemically defined extender based on casein, added with polyphenolic antioxidants, for the freezing of semen from ram breeders. To evaluate Tris-casein (5% glycerol), plus polyphenols, four semen pools from three rams sires were frozen (0µM; 10µM resveratrol; 5µM quercetin; 25µM catechin; 25µM catechin + 10µM resveratrol; 25µM catechin + 5µM quercetin; 10 µM resveratrol + 5µM quercetin; 25µM catechin + 10µM resveratrol + 5µM quercetin). After thawing, the samples were evaluated for sperm kinetics, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. There was no significant difference (p≥0.05) between the control group and the treatments for any of the evaluated parameters. However, it can be seen that the Tris-casein extender was efficient in cryopreserving ram semen. It is concluded that the Tris-casein extender can be used for freezing ram semen.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Polifenóis/administração & dosagem , Polifenóis/biossíntese , OvinosRESUMO
Abstract In a climate change context, the buildup of CO2 will affect plant communities worldwide. This study evaluated the effects of CO2 enrichment on the development and defense of two Cerrado native species Baccharis dracunculifolia and B. platypoda and their associated endophytic fungi richness. The study took place in Open-Top Chambers, two with ambient CO2 concentration (~400 ppm) and two in an enriched environment (~800 ppm). Baccharis platypoda developed 20% more leaves under enriched CO2 conditions, whereas B. dracunculifolia was 30% taller and showed 27% more leaves than those under ambient conditions. In both species, leaf polyphenol concentration did not differ between treatments. Nevertheless, polyphenol content had a positive correlation with plant height on both species' individuals grown under CO2 enriched conditions. Endophytic fungi richness and colonization rate on both plant species did not differ between ambient and enriched conditions. Our results show the positive effect of CO2 fertilizer in at least one of the measured growth parameters. An important new finding was a synergistic increase in growth and chemical defense in both studied species under enriched CO2 conditions, suggesting higher carbon assimilation and accumulation. This study suggests that the effects on primary productivity and secondary metabolites of Baccharis species will potentially reflect on the diversity and distribution of Cerrado plants and their associated animal communities.
Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono/farmacologia , Baccharis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fertilizantes , Endófitos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Polifenóis/biossíntese , Baccharis/microbiologia , Baccharis/químicaRESUMO
The flavor and aroma of cacao (Theobroma cacao) beans were the main reasons that promoted its domestication and food-use by pre-Columbian peoples of Mesoamerica. Polyphenols and alkaloids are compounds that directly affect the flavor of the cocoa beans and indirectly on the flavor precursors. The alkaloids are associated with bitterness; its concentration is related to the cultivar and its modifying through the processing. Polyphenols molecules are responsible together with other molecules of the astringency (not desirable in chocolate), but also are responsible for antioxidant properties, very desirable by consumers. This review focuses on aspects of the biosynthesis of these important molecules in cocoa beans as well as implications in taste and flavor. The changes of these molecules that occur during processing are also approached.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/biossíntese , Cacau/química , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Polifenóis/biossíntese , Paladar , Fermentação , Manipulação de Alimentos/normas , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Effect of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) on phenolic acids composition and polyphenols accumulation in various anatomical parts (stems, leaves and inflorescences) of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) in the early stages of vegetation period were surveyed. RESULTS: Treatment of buckwheat seeds with 2% of CCC has been increased content of total phenolics in the stems, leaves and inflorescences. On analyzing the different parts of buckwheat plants, 9 different phenolic acids - vanilic acid, ferulic acid, trans-ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, salycilic acid, cinamic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-anisic acid, methoxycinamic acid and catechins were identified. The levels of identified phenolic acids varied not only significantly among the plant organs but also between early stages of vegetation period. Same changes as in contents of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, trans-ferulic acid were found for content of salycilic acid. The content of these phenolic acids has been significant increased under effect of 2% CCC treatment at the phase I (formation of buds) in the stems and at the phase II (beginning of flowering) in the leaves and then inflorescences respectively. The content of catechins as potential buckwheat antioxidants has been increased at the early stages of vegetation period after treatment with 2% CCC. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that influence of CCC on the phenolics composition can be a result of various mechanisms of CCC uptake, transforming and/or its translocation in the buckwheat seedlings.
Assuntos
Clormequat/farmacologia , Fagopyrum/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Polifenóis/biossíntese , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catequina/análise , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácidos Cumáricos/análise , Fagopyrum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fagopyrum/metabolismo , Éteres de Hidroxibenzoatos/análise , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Inflorescência/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflorescência/metabolismo , Molibdênio , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Caules de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Propionatos , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/metabolismo , Compostos de TungstênioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Broccoli sprouts are a good source of secondary metabolites, exhibiting biological activity, such as polyphenols, whose concentration is affected by the exposure to exogenous elicitors. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of sodium selenate, chitosan and methyl jasmonate, applied directly to the seeds or through irrigation, on the content and profile of phenolic compounds in broccoli sprouts. The effect on antioxidant activity was also investigated. RESULTS: Methyl jasmonate and chitosan decreased antioxidant capacity. Methyl jasmonate significantly decreased total polyphenols content in comparison with control sprouts, while chitosan significantly increased it. Sodium selenate had no statistical effect on antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols concentration. The polyphenols profile in sprouts was composed by quercetin, morine, genisteine, luteoline and sinapic acid. Elicitor type and concentration affected the synthesis of these compounds. Chitosan stimulated the synthesis of quercetin, sinapic acid and morine, whereas methyl jasmonate stimulated the synthesis of luteoline. Sodium selenate had no effect on polyphenols synthesis. CONCLUSION: The exposure of broccoli to the elicitors produced changes in the phenolic compounds profile of broccoli sprouts. Besides, the stimulation of phenolic compounds synthesis was elicitor-specific, thus opening the possibility of managing culture conditions to increase the content of a specific phenolic compound.
Assuntos
Acetatos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Brassica/efeitos dos fármacos , Quitosana/farmacologia , Ciclopentanos/farmacologia , Oxilipinas/farmacologia , Polifenóis/biossíntese , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Selênico/farmacologia , Brassica/metabolismo , Dieta , Germinação , Humanos , Fenóis , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/metabolismo , Sementes/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Effect of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) on phenolic acids composition and polyphenols accumulation in various anatomical parts (stems, leaves and inflorescences) of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) in the early stages of vegetation period were surveyed. RESULTS: Treatment of buckwheat seeds with 2% of CCC has been increased content of total phenolics in the stems, leaves and inflorescences. On analyzing the different parts of buckwheat plants, 9 different phenolic acids - vanilic acid, ferulic acid, trans-ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, salycilic acid, cinamic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-anisic acid, methoxycinamic acid and catechins were identified. The levels of identified phenolic acids varied not only significantly among the plant organs but also between early stages of vegetation period. Same changes as in contents of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, trans-ferulic acid were found for content of salycilic acid. The content of these phenolic acids has been significant increased under effect of 2% CCC treatment at the phase I (formation of buds) in the stems and at the phase II (beginning of flowering) in the leaves and then inflorescences respectively. The content of catechins as potential buckwheat antioxidants has been increased at the early stages of vegetation period after treatment with 2% CCC. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results suggest that influence of CCC on the phenolics composition can be a result of various mechanisms of CCC uptake, transforming and/or its translocation in the buckwheat seedlings.
Assuntos
Clormequat/farmacologia , Fagopyrum/efeitos dos fármacos , Polifenóis/biossíntese , Hidroxibenzoatos/metabolismo , Propionatos , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/metabolismo , Catequina/análise , Ácido Clorogênico/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Compostos de Tungstênio , Caules de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Fagopyrum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fagopyrum/metabolismo , Ácidos Cumáricos/análise , Inflorescência/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflorescência/metabolismo , Éteres de Hidroxibenzoatos/análise , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Molibdênio , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismoRESUMO
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivar Tannat is cultivated mainly in Uruguay for the production of high-quality red wines. Tannat berries have unusually high levels of polyphenolic compounds, producing wines with an intense purple color and remarkable antioxidant properties. We investigated the genetic basis of these important characteristics by sequencing the genome of the Uruguayan Tannat clone UY11 using Illumina technology, followed by a mixture of de novo assembly and iterative mapping onto the PN40024 reference genome. RNA sequencing data for genome reannotation were processed using a combination of reference-guided annotation and de novo transcript assembly, allowing 5901 previously unannotated or unassembled genes to be defined and resulting in the discovery of 1873 genes that were not shared with PN40024. Expression analysis showed that these cultivar-specific genes contributed substantially (up to 81.24%) to the overall expression of enzymes involved in the synthesis of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds that contribute to the unique characteristics of the Tannat berries. The characterization of the Tannat genome therefore indicated that the grapevine reference genome lacks many genes that appear to be relevant for the varietal phenotype.
Assuntos
Genoma de Planta , Polifenóis/biossíntese , Vitis/genética , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Frutas/genética , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Polifenóis/genética , Valores de Referência , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Transcriptoma , Uruguai , Vitis/metabolismoRESUMO
In this work, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of the marine algae Halimeda monile were assessed and the levels of some of its compounds likely to be responsible for such properties were determined. The estimated contents of total polyphenols, chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids were 179.5, 356.3, 452.8 and 42.2 µg/g dry weight seaweed, respectively. The presence of terpenoids and flavonoids was also observed. The antioxidant activity of two polar fractions from H. monile (lyophilized aqueous extract and free phenolic acid fraction) was evaluated using three antioxidant assays: ferric reducing antioxidant power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and lipid peroxidation. Treatment of CCl4-induced liver damage in rats with extracts resulted in lower serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels and higher hepatic glutathione concentrations compared to those observed in the CCl4-treated group. Also, a significant increase in catalase activity was detected after treatment with the extracts. These results suggest that the seaweed H. monile could be a potential source for natural antioxidants.
Assuntos
Camundongos , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Polifenóis/biossíntese , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Fígado/patologia , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
Los polifenoles (flavonoides y antocianinas) están ampliamente distribuidos entre las diferentes especies vegetales. Estos poseen gran capacidad antioxidante; existiendo correlación positiva entre la actividad antioxidante y los polifenoles totales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar: 1° El contenido de polifenoles y antocianas totales de semillas, glumelas y extracto acuoso de Avena sativa L. 2° El efecto de la aplicación tópica de extracto acuoso de avena en 45 casos (10 mujeres y 35 hombres, entre 1 y 56 años de edad) con dermatitis atópica, dermatitis de contacto irritativa y dermatitis de contacto alérgica; y 30 controles normales (15 mujeres y 15 hombres, entre 1 y 60 años de edad). Tratamiento: aplicación de compresas del extracto crudo de avena en la piel dañada durante 5 minutos, seguida de la colocación de la biomasa (T°= 33 + 2°C) cubierta por una tela de gasa durante 5 minutos. Dicha biomasa se retira con el extracto de avena líquido. Entre 1 y 36 meses de iniciado el tratamiento se observó remisión de los síntomas cutáneos. El extracto acuoso, la biomasa de Avena sativa L., glumelas y semillas enteras contenían 6.12+0,45, 46,11+0,36, 212,81+0,19 y 286,60+0,50 mg/100 g ác. Gálico, respectivamente, de polifenoles totales.
Polyphenols (flavonoids and anthocyanins) are widely spread among the different vegetables species. They have a big antioxidant capacity. One important correlation exists between the antioxidant activity and the quantity of total polyphenols. The objective of this work was to evaluate: 1- the contents of polyphenols and anthocyanins of whole seeds, glumes and aqueous extract of Avena Sativa L., 2- the effects of topical application of aqueous extract of Avena sativa L. in 45 patients (10 females and 35 males, between 1 and 56 years olds) with Atopic Dermatitis, Contact Irritative Dermatitis and Contact Allergic Dermatitis, and 30 normal controls (15 females and 15 males, between 1 and 60 years olds). Treatment: were applications of compress of aqueous extract Avena Sativa L over the damaged skin for approximately five minutes, immediately after, one must cover with the biomass of oat (T° = 33 + 2 C°) and a clothe for five minutes. The biomass was removed using the Avena Sativa L. acqueous extract. Remissions of the cutaneous symptoms were noticed between 1 and 36 months after the beginning of the treatment. Aqueous extract, Avena Sativa L. biomass, glumes and whole seeds contents were: 6.12+0.45; 46.11+0.36, 212.81+0.19 y 286.60+0.50 mg/100 g gallic ac., respectively, of total polyphenols.