RESUMO
Clostridium perfringens inhabits the guts of humans and animal species. C. perfringens can proliferate and express an arsenal of toxins, promoting the development of multiple gut illnesses. Healthy animals carrying C. perfringens represents a risk of transmission to other animals or humans through close contact and an increased likelihood of acquisition of toxin plasmids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of C. perfringens carriage in domestic and farm animals in the central highlands of Colombia. C. perfringens was detected in six animal species using PCR targeting alpha toxin (cpa) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S-rRNA) genes from 347 fecal samples collected in two Departments: 177 from farm animals of Boyacá and 170 from domestic animals of both Cundinamarca and Boyacá. The overall frequency of C. perfringens detection was 22.1% (n = 77/347), with the highest frequency observed in cats 34.2% (n = 41/120), followed by dogs 30.0% (n = 15/50). The lowest frequency was detected in ruminants: goats 11.1% (n = 3/27), sheep 8.0% (n = 4/50) and cattle 6.0% (n = 6/50). Domestic animals showed a higher frequency of C. perfringens carriage than farm animals. This difference could be associated with dietary patterns, as domestic animals have diets rich in proteins and carbohydrates, while ruminants have low-carbohydrate diets, resulting in high production of endopeptidase-type enzymes and differences in pH due to the anatomy of gastrointestinal tract, which can influence bacterial proliferation. These findings indicate a potential risk of transmission of C. perfringens among animals and from animals to humans through close contact.
Assuntos
Infecções por Clostridium , Clostridium perfringens , Animais , Clostridium perfringens/genética , Clostridium perfringens/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Infecções por Clostridium/transmissão , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Animais Domésticos/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Bovinos , Humanos , Cabras , Ovinos , Zoonoses/transmissão , Zoonoses/microbiologia , GatosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The genus Bartonella includes species and subspecies of fastidious, facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacilli that infect a wide variety of mammalian reservoirs including cats and humans. In 2022, the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health reported an outbreak of cat scratch disease caused by B. henselae in the city of Guayaquil. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the presence of Bartonella spp. in domestic and stray cats from the area of Guayaquil where the outbreak happened in 2022. METHODS: Whole blood samples of 100 domestic and stray cats were collected. Riboflavin synthase (ribC) and 16S rRNA genes detection was performed by PCR using Bartonella spp. specific primers, followed by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: 14 cats were positive for Bartonella spp. carriage. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of 12 cats infected with B. henselae and 2 cats with B. clarridgeiae. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of Bartonella spp. carriage in cats in the city of Guayaquil within the area where a recent cat scratch disease outbreak happened. Considering the high presence of cats and other domestic and stray animals in the city of Guayaquil, a One Health approach for surveillance and prevention of zoonotic diseases like cat scratch disease is needed.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella , Bartonella henselae , Bartonella , Doenças do Gato , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato , Surtos de Doenças , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Animais , Gatos , Equador/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Bartonella/genética , Bartonella/isolamento & purificação , Bartonella/classificação , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/epidemiologia , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Bartonella henselae/genética , Bartonella henselae/isolamento & purificação , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Infecções por Bartonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Masculino , Feminino , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic infectious-contagious disease with worldwide distribution, caused by the zoonotic pathogen Mycobacterium bovis. It is believed that the existence of wild cycles may hamper the success of bTB control strategies worldwide, where wildlife species could be reservoirs of this bacterial agent across their native (e.g., European badgers, wild boars) or non-indigenous (e.g., brushtail possum in New Zealand) ranges. However, further studies are required to understand the potential risk posed by non-native wildlife in becoming carriers of M. bovis in other neglected latitudes, such as the Southern Cone of South America. In this study, we performed a specific M. bovis-RD4 real-time PCR (qPCR) assay to detect bacterial DNA in tissues from the invasive American mink (Neogale vison) in Los Ríos region, Chile. We detected M. bovis DNA in blood samples collected from 13 out of 186 (7 %) minks with known sex and age. We did not find any significant differences in bacterial DNA detection according to mink sex and age. We found that 92 % (12/13) of specimens were positive in lung, 39 % (5/13) in mediastinal lymph node, and 15 % (2/13) in mesenteric lymph node, which suggest that both respiratory and digestive pathways as possible routes of transmission between infected hosts and minks. Our study is the first report on M. bovis molecular detection in invasive minks in an area where the largest cattle population in the country is located. Furthermore, this area is characterized by a low within-herd prevalence of M. bovis infection in cattle, with a relatively low number of infected herds, and so far, no attempts at eradicating the disease have been successful.
Assuntos
Vison , Mycobacterium bovis , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Tuberculose , Animais , Mycobacterium bovis/genética , Mycobacterium bovis/isolamento & purificação , Vison/microbiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Tuberculose/veterinária , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/transmissão , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Reservatórios de Doenças/microbiologia , Pulmão/microbiologiaRESUMO
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhea in pigs at early age, leading to high mortality rates and significant economic losses in the swine industry. ETEC effect on gut microbiota and immune system is mostly studied in diarrheic model under controlled laboratory conditions, however its impact on asymptomatic carriers remains unknown. Thus, we investigated whether ETEC can modulate gut microbiota or regulate the transcription of immune markers in asymptomatic pigs in farm environment. Stool samples from newborn piglets, nursery and growing pigs, and sows were screened for ETEC markers, then submitted to 16S-rDNA sequencing to explore gut microbiota composition in carriers (ETEC+) and non-carriers (ETEC-) animals. We observed a reduced α-diversity in ETEC+ animals (p < 0.05), while bacterial compositions were mostly driven by ageing (p > 0.05). Prevotella marked ETEC-carrier group, while Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group was a marker for a healthy gut microbiota, suggesting that they might be biomarker candidates for surveillance and supplementation purposes. Furthermore, we observed transcription regulation of il6 and tff2 genes in ETEC+ in newborn and nursery stages, respectively. Our findings indicate that ETEC presence modulate gut microbiota and the immune response in asymptomatic pigs; nevertheless, further studies using a probabilistic design must be performed to assess the effect of ETEC presence on gut imbalance in pigs despite the age bias.
Assuntos
Portador Sadio , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/imunologia , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/genética , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica/patogenicidade , Suínos , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Infecções por Escherichia coli/imunologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/imunologia , Virulência/genética , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Diarreia/imunologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Biomarcadores , FemininoRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a presença de DNA do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina (FIV) em gatos domesticos (Feliz catus) assintomáticos. Foi realizada a tecnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em 50 animais. Para tal, foram coletadas amostras de sangue, por venopunção da jugular, de forma asséptica para armazenamento de 1-2 mL de sangue total. Os animais que participaram do estudo fizeram parte do projeto de castração "Vida digna" da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. E a escolha dos animais foi realizada de maneira aleatória, sem distinção por sexo ou idade, resultando em 29 foram fêmeas e 21 machos. Para o diagnóstico, foi realizada a extração do DNA, em seguida as amostras foram testadas em duas reações de PCR utilizando- se dois conjuntos de primers do Gene gag de FIV. Achou-se uma prevalência de 2% (1/50), confirmando assim a presença do vírus na cidade de Belém. Assim, evidenciando a importância de testar os felinos mesmo sendo assintomáticos. Desta forma, faz-se necessário a realização de trabalhos futuros que amplie o número amostral dos animais testados para assim elucidar o perfil epidemiológico da doença na região de Belém do Pará, considerando a relevância clínica desta infecção e a correta conduta médica veterinária para evitar novas infecções.
The objective of this work was to detect the presence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) proviral DNA in asymptomatic domestic cats (Feliz catus). The polymerase chain reaction technique was performed from 50 animals. For this, blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture, aseptically for storage of 1-2 mL of whole blood. The animals that participated in the study were part of the castration project "Vida digna" at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. And the choice of animals was performed randomly, without distinction by sex or age, resulting in 29 females and 21 males. For diagnosis, DNA extraction was performed, then the samples were tested in two PCR reactions using two sets of FIV gag gene primers. A prevalence of 2% (1/50) was observed, thus confirming the presence of the virus in the city of Belém. Thus, highlighting the importance of testing the felines even if they are asymptomatic. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out future work that expands the sample number of animals tested in order to elucidate the epidemiological profile of the disease in the region of Belém do Pará, considering the clinical relevance of this infection and the correct veterinary medical conduct to avoid new infections.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Gatos/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina/imunologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Leptospirosis has been investigated in several species of wild animals. The white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) is a mammal common in the brazilian semi-arid, so, this study aimed to investigate its role in the occurrence of the leptospirosis in the region Northeast of Brazil. 12 animals were used, from which samples were collected for the attempt of isolation, molecular detection and serological examination. There was no microbial growth, nor were any anti-Leptospira sp. antibodies found in the serological samples. The PCR detected leptospiric DNA in the central nervous system (CNS) of five animals (41.7 %). The gene in one of the samples was sequenced and showed identity with Leptospira interrogans. The presence of Leptospira sp. in the CNS of Didelphis albiventris does not allow the characterization of the studied animals as reservoirs with potential for transmission of the pathogen in the region, however it represents a site that needs to be further investigated.
Assuntos
Portador Sadio/veterinária , Sistema Nervoso Central/parasitologia , Didelphis/parasitologia , Leptospira/classificação , Leptospirose/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/parasitologia , Leptospira/genética , Leptospira/isolamento & purificação , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/parasitologia , Filogenia , Alinhamento de Sequência/veterináriaRESUMO
Clostridioides difficile is the major etiologic agent of nosocomial bacterial diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis. The pathogenesis of C. difficile infection (CDI)involves two cytotoxic enzymes (TcdA, TcdB) that cause colonic epithelial damage, fluid accumulation and enteritis. CDI has been demonstrated in a variety of animal species and some reports have recently raised the importance of wild animals as a reservoir of this pathogen and possible transmission to humans and domestic animals. The aim of this study was to characterize C. difficile isolates obtained from pet dogs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 50 faecal samples were obtained from healthy and diarrheic dogs. Five of fifty samples (10%) grew C. difficile. Of those, three belonged to the PCR ribotype 106 (ST 42) and were toxigenic (A+B+). The other two strains belonged to the PCR ribotype 010 (ST 15) and were not toxin producers (A-B-). None of the isolates tested positive for the binary toxin genes. Considering the antimicrobial resistance patterns of all isolates using EUCAST breakpoints, all strains were sensitive to metronidazole and vancomycin. However, two strains (ribotype 106 and ribotype 010), were resistant to clindamycin (≤256⯵g/mL). All strains were strong biofilm producers. Our study provides evidence that dogs can act as reservoirs for C. difficile epidemic ribotypes.
Assuntos
Portador Sadio/veterinária , Clostridioides difficile/classificação , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Infecções por Clostridium/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Ribotipagem , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Didelphis (Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia) are synanthropic mammals, whose omnivorous diet predisposes them to infections caused by endoparasites. Their higher frequency in urban areas makes them potential carriers of zoonotic protozoans and helminths, enhancing potential transmission to humans. Our purpose was to study two common species, Didelphis albiventris (54 individuals) and D. aurita (2 individuals), which were screened for blood, skin and intestinal parasites in animals captured in urban areas and in riparian forest regions associated with the Capivari River Basin, in Monte Mor's municipality, São Paulo state (SP), Brazil. Blood and tissue samples were collected for DNA extraction and PCR. Fecal samples were collected and submitted to two sedimentation and two flotation methods. 77.6% of fecal samples were positive for nematode eggs, 34.5% for trematode eggs and 32.7% for protozoans. Two D. aurita specimens were naturally infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. Molecular analysis in a D. albiventris captured on a forested rural area was positive for Leishmania sp. DNA. Several parasites were found infecting Didelphis sp., demonstrating that this group of animals can harbor important zoonotic parasites, potentially playing a role as sylvatic reservoirs for human and domestic animal pathogens.
Assuntos
Didelphis/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Parasitemia/veterinária , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/transmissão , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Cidades , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Florestas , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/transmissão , Masculino , Parasitemia/epidemiologia , Parasitemia/transmissão , Rios , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/transmissão , Zoonoses/parasitologia , Zoonoses/transmissãoRESUMO
In this study, we found mcr-1.1 and mcr-1.5 genes carried by IncI2 plasmids in a subset of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from commercial broiler farms in Argentina. The comparative analysis of the sequences of these plasmids with those described in human clinical isolates suggests that this replicon-type is one of the main mcr-disseminator sources in Argentina.
Assuntos
Portador Sadio/veterinária , Galinhas , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Plasmídeos/análise , Animais , Argentina , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Genótipo , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Features of Clostridioides difficile transmission in swine and the role of rodents as C. difficile reservoir are not clear. To investigate if rodents can carry strains of C. difficile that are genetically similar to those isolated from swine, 97 fecal samples from neonatal piglets and 41 intestinal contents from rodents were collected in two farms. All samples were subjected to C. difficile culture and the presence of A/B toxins in piglet feces were accessed by commercial enzyme imunoassay (EIA). C. difficile isolates were typed by double- (DLST) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). C. difficile was isolated from 15.5% of piglets and 31.7% of rodents. Most isolates were identified as DLST type 4-4 and 17-5 (both are ST11), which were found in both rodents and piglets. Results of this study suggested that rodents may have a role on the transmission and spread of C. difficile strains to swine.