RESUMO
Monkeypox virus is a member of the family Poxviridae, as are variola virus and vaccinia virus. It has a linear double-strand DNA genome approximately 197 kb long, containing ~190 non-overlapping ORFs. Comparison of members of the Central and West African clades shows the presence of unique genes that are associated with different disease presentations, depending on the strain. The last smallpox vaccination efforts ended in the mid-1980s, and there is concern about the recent spread of human monkeypox disease around the world. Almost 87,000 human monkeypox cases have been diagnosed in the world, of which more than 10,900 were in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and molecular evolution of hMpxV. From computational biology analysis of 640 hMpxV genomes from 1962 to 2022, synteny breaks and gene conservation were observed between Central and West clade genomes, and strains belonged with the 2022 outbreak assigned to the West African clade. Evidence was found for diversifying selective pressure at specific sites within protein coding sequences, acting on immunomodulatory processes. The existence of different sites under diversifying and purifying selection in paralog genes indicates adaptive mechanisms underlying the host-pathogen interaction of monkeypox virus in humans.
Assuntos
Mpox , Poxviridae , Humanos , Monkeypox virus/genética , Mpox/epidemiologia , Poxviridae/genética , Genômica , Evolução MolecularRESUMO
Cetacean poxviruses (CePVs) cause 'tattoo' skin lesions in small and large cetaceans worldwide. Although the disease has been known for decades, genomic data for these poxviruses are very limited, with the exception of CePV-Tursiops aduncus, which was completely sequenced in 2020. Using a newly developed pan-pox real-time PCR system targeting a conserved nucleotide sequence located within the Monkeypox virus D6R gene, we rapidly detected the CePV genome in typical skin lesions collected from two Peruvian common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) by-caught off Peru in 1993. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequencing of the DNA polymerase and DNA topoisomerase genes showed that the two viruses are very closely related to each other, although the dolphins they infected pertained to different ecotypes. The poxviruses described in this study belong to CePV-1, a heterogeneous clade that infects many species of dolphins (Delphinidae) and porpoises (Phocoenidae). Among this clade, the T. truncatus CePVs from Peru were more related to the viruses infecting Delphinidae than to those detected in Phocoenidae. This is the first time that CePVs were identified in free-ranging odontocetes from the Eastern Pacific, surprisingly in 30-year-old samples. These data further suggest a close and long-standing pathogen-host co-evolution, resulting in different lineages of CePVs.
Assuntos
Golfinho Nariz-de-Garrafa , Chordopoxvirinae , Toninhas , Poxviridae , Animais , Golfinho Nariz-de-Garrafa/genética , Cetáceos , Chordopoxvirinae/genética , DNA Topoisomerases/genética , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/genética , Peru/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Toninhas/genética , Poxviridae/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
A presente nota técnica tem como objetivo orientar os profissionais de saúde em relação à condução dos casos suspeitos e/ou confirmados de Monkeypox em gestantes, puérperas e lactantes. A Monkeypox (MPX) ou Varíola M é uma doença causada pelo vírus Monkeypox do gênero Orthopoxvirus e família Poxviridae. Trata-se de uma zoonose viral cuja transmissão pode ocorrer por meio do contato desprotegido com lesões ou fluidos corporais (contato sexual, saliva, olhos, cavidade oral) e/ou materiais contaminados (roupa de cama, vestes, utensílios domésticos)
This technical note aims to guide health professionals in relation to the management of suspected and/or confirmed cases of Monkeypox in pregnant, postpartum and lactating women. Monkeypox (MPX) or Smallpox M is a disease caused by the Monkeypox virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus and family Poxviridae. It is a viral zoonosis whose transmission can occur through unprotected contact with injuries or bodily fluids (sexual contact, saliva, eyes, sinus oral) and/or contaminated materials (bedding, clothing, household items)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Lactente , Mpox/prevenção & controle , Poxviridae , Orthopoxvirus , Mpox/transmissãoRESUMO
A Monkeypox pertence ao mesmo vírus da família (Poxviridae) varíola. É transmitida de pessoa a pessoa. O macaco não tem participação na transmissão para humanos. Até o momento, sabe-se que na África os casos mais severos ocorreram com mais frequência em crianças. Recentemente, três crianças foram diagnosticadas com Monkeypox na cidade de São Paulo (SP) e a rápida progressão da doença indica uma alta probabilidade de mais casos nesta faixa etária em outras regiões do país
Monkeypox belongs to the same virus in the smallpox family (Poxviridae). It is transmitted from person to person. The monkey has no role in transmission to humans. So far, it is known that in Africa the most severe cases occurred more frequently in children. Recently, three children were diagnosed with Monkeypox in the city of São Paulo (SP) and the rapid progression of the disease indicates a high probability of more cases in this age group in other regions of the country
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Mpox/prevenção & controle , Poxviridae , Mpox/transmissãoRESUMO
Monkeypox é uma rara zoonose causada pelo vírus Monkeypox que pertence ao gênero Orthopoxvirus na família Poxviridae. Deste gênero, também fazem parte os vírus da varíola humana, bovina e o vaccinia, o qual é usado na produção da vacina contra a varíola em seres humanos. Seus sintomas são semelhantes aos observados no passado em pacientes com varíola, embora clinicamente menos graves (febre, erupções cutâneas, linfonodos inflamados) (CDC, 2022a; WHO, 2022a)
Monkeypox is a rare zoonosis caused by the Monkeypox virus that belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. This genus also includes human and cowpox viruses and vaccinia, which is used in the production of smallpox vaccine in human beings. humans. Its symptoms are similar to those seen in the past in smallpox patients, although clinically less severe (fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes) (CDC, 2022a; WHO, 2022a)
Assuntos
Humanos , Mpox/prevenção & controle , Poxviridae , Vacina Antivariólica , OrthopoxvirusRESUMO
Poxviruses (family: Poxviridae) infect many avian species, causing several disease outcomes, the most common of which are proliferative lesions on the legs, feet, and/or head. Few avian studies of poxvirus to date have combined molecular and ecological analyses to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the identity and distribution of the disease in a population. Here, we describe patterns of poxvirus infection in an urban population of house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) in Arizona (USA) and use high-throughput sequencing to determine the genome sequence of the virus. We found that poxvirus prevalence, based on visual identification of pox lesions, was 7.2% (17 infected birds out of a total of 235 sampled) in our population during summer 2021. Disease severity was low; 14 of the 17 infected birds had a single small lesion on the skin overlaying the eye, leg, and ear canal. All but two lesions were found on the feet; one bird had a lesion on the eye and the other in the ear opening. We also investigated possible temporal (i.e., date of capture) and biological correlates (e.g., age, sex, body condition, degree of infection with coccidian endoparasites) of poxvirus infection in urban-caught house finches during this time but found that none of these significantly correlated with poxvirus presence/absence. Two complete poxvirus genomes were determined from two infected birds. These genomes are â¼354,000 bp and share 99.7% similarity with each other, and 82% with a canarypox virus genome, the most closely related avipoxvirus. This novel finchpox virus is the first to be reported in house finches and has a similar genome organization to other avipoxviruses.
Assuntos
Avipoxvirus , Doenças das Aves , Tentilhões , Infecções por Poxviridae , Poxviridae , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Avipoxvirus/genética , Tentilhões/genética , Poxviridae/genética , Infecções por Poxviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterináriaRESUMO
We obtained the complete sequence of a novel poxvirus, tentatively named Brazilian porcupinepox virus, from a wild porcupine (Coendou prehensilis) in Brazil that had skin and internal lesions characteristic of poxvirus infection. The impact of this lethal poxvirus on the survival of this species and its potential zoonotic importance remain to be investigated.
Assuntos
Infecções por Poxviridae , Poxviridae , Brasil , Genômica , Humanos , FilogeniaRESUMO
The cassava hornworm Erinnyis ello ello (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) is an important pest in Brazil. This insect feeds on host plants of several species, especially Manihot esculenta (cassava) and Hevia brasiliensis (rubber tree). Cassava hornworm outbreaks are quite common in Brazil and can cause great impact over crop production. Granulare and polyhedral-shaped occlusion bodies (OBs) were observed in extracts of dead E. ello larvae from rubber-tree plantations by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), suggesting a mixed infection. The polyhedral-shaped OB surface revealed indentations that resemble those found in cypovirus polyhedra. After OB nucleic acid extraction followed by cDNA production and Illumina deep-sequencing analysis, the results confirmed for the presence of a putative novel cypovirus that carries ten segments and also a betabaculovirus (Erinnyis ello granulovirus, ErelGV). Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted segment 1-enconded RdRP showed that the new cypovirus isolate is closely related to a member of species Cypovirus 2, which was isolated from Inachis io (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Therefore, we named this new isolate Erinnyis ello cypovirus 2 (ErelCPV-2). Genome in silico analyses showed that ErelCPV-2 segment 8 (S8) has a predicted amino acid identity of 35.82â% to a hypothetical protein of betabaculoviruses. This putative protein has a cGAMP-specific nuclease domain related to the poxvirus immune nucleases (poxins) from the 2',3'-cGAMP-degrading enzyme family.
Assuntos
Coinfecção/genética , Desoxirribonucleases/genética , Granulovirus/genética , Poxviridae/genética , Reoviridae/genética , Animais , Brasil , GMP Cíclico/genética , Genoma Viral/genética , Larva/virologia , Lepidópteros/virologia , Mariposas/virologia , Corpos de Oclusão Virais/genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
Oryzoborus angolensis (Lesser Seed-Finch), Oryzoborus crassirostris (Large-billed Seed-Finch), and Sporophila intermedia (Grey Seedeater) are finch species native to the Caribbean island of Trinidad. These species are locally trapped and kept for their song, but with declining native populations, enthusiasts have turned to illegally importing birds from the South American mainland. The smuggling of wild birds from South America poses significant disease risks to the native bird species of Trinidad. Herein we describe the first case of poxviral infection in these illegally imported birds in Trinidad and partial genome sequence of the causative agent. Phylogenetic analysis of the 4b core protein sequence indicated that the avian poxvirus identified was most closely related to a 2012 avian pox sequence from Brazil, with 96.2% and 98.1% identity at the nucleotide and amino acid level.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/virologia , Genoma Viral , Infecções por Poxviridae/veterinária , Poxviridae/genética , Poxviridae/isolamento & purificação , Aves Canoras , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Comércio , Tentilhões , Filogenia , Poxviridae/classificação , Infecções por Poxviridae/virologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
RESUMEN La reciente ocurrencia de infecciones por el virus vaccinia en animales y humanos en distintos lugares de la geografía colombiana, sumadas a otras por éste y por otros virus pertenecientes al género Orthopoxvirus (familia Poxviridae), ocurridas en algunos países de Suramérica, África, Asia y Europa se convierten en evidencia de la inminente emergencia y re-emergencia de este género, con características biológicas y epidemiológicas que le confieren gran interés para la salud pública del mundo, como lo fue en el pasado una de sus especies representativas: el virus de la viruela. Esta emergencia y re-emergencia parecen estar relacionadas con la suspensión en las décadas de los 70s y 80s de las campañas de vacunación contra la viruela, las cuales; insospechadamente estuvieron protegiendo a la población, no únicamente contra este virus, sino contra otros del mismo género. En el presente artículo se hace una revisión de la biología y epidemiología de los principales miembros del género Orthopoxvirus, su presentación clínica, antecedentes históricos, contexto social, e impacto en la salud pública mundial en el pasado, presente y a futuro.(AU)
ABSTRACT The recent occurrence of vaccinia virus infections in humans and animals in Colombia, together with that reported for this and other species of the genus Orthopoxvirus in some South American, African, Asian and European countries, is supporting evidence of the emergence and re-emergence of the genus. This fact has become of great interest for public health around the world due to its biological and an epidemiological features, as was in the past the variola virus, one of its representatives. The emergence and re-emergence of the genus Orthopoxvirus may be a consequence of stopping vaccination against the variola virus in the 1970s and 1980s. This vaccination unsuspectedly induced cross-protective immunity to other species of that genus. This is a review of the history, biology and epidemiology of the main species of the genus Orthopoxvirus, together with its clinical presentation, social context and public health impact in the past, present and future.(AU)