RESUMO
Papilomatose canina é uma patologia infectocontagiosa causada pelo papilomavírus e caracterizada por neoformações benignas cutâneas na cavidade oral, lábios, faringe, esôfago e trato geni-tal. Esta enfermidade é espécie-específica, de caráter autolimitante, com regressão entre quatro e oito semanas após o surgimento das lesões; em alguns casos, porém, pode se tornar crônica, causando disfagia e até obstrução faringeana. Sua transmissão se dá por meio de contato direto ou indireto com secreções ou sangue advindo de animais contaminados. O diagnóstico é obtido com a associação de aspectos clínicos e exame histopatológico. Devido ao potencial autolimitante, diferentes protocolos de tratamento são descritos, dentre eles, imunoestimulantes, autovacinas, ressecção cirúrgica, fármacos antivirais e auto-hemoterapia. Este trabalho descreve um caso de papilomatose com enfoque na falha na utilização da vacina autógena associada à Propionibacterium acnes.
Canine papillomatosis is an infectious disease caused by papillomavirus and characterized by benign cutaneous neoformations in the oral cavity, lips, pharynx, esophagus and genital tract. This disease is species-specific, self-limiting, and usually can regress between four and eight weeks after lesions appearance, but in some cases, it may become chronic causing dysphagia and even pharyngeal obstruction. Its transmission occurs through direct or indirect contact with secretions or blood from contaminated animals. The diagnosis is obtained by the association of clinical aspects and histopathological examination. Due to its self-limiting potential, different treatment protocols are described, among them, immunostimulants, auto-vaccines, surgical resection, antiviral drugs and autohemotherapy. This study describes a case of papillomatosis focusing on the failed use of the autogenous vaccine associated with Propionibacterium acnes.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Autovacinas/análise , Cães/microbiologia , Papiloma , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologiaRESUMO
Papilomatose canina é uma patologia infectocontagiosa causada pelo papilomavírus e caracterizada por neoformações benignas cutâneas na cavidade oral, lábios, faringe, esôfago e trato geni-tal. Esta enfermidade é espécie-específica, de caráter autolimitante, com regressão entre quatro e oito semanas após o surgimento das lesões; em alguns casos, porém, pode se tornar crônica, causando disfagia e até obstrução faringeana. Sua transmissão se dá por meio de contato direto ou indireto com secreções ou sangue advindo de animais contaminados. O diagnóstico é obtido com a associação de aspectos clínicos e exame histopatológico. Devido ao potencial autolimitante, diferentes protocolos de tratamento são descritos, dentre eles, imunoestimulantes, autovacinas, ressecção cirúrgica, fármacos antivirais e auto-hemoterapia. Este trabalho descreve um caso de papilomatose com enfoque na falha na utilização da vacina autógena associada à Propionibacterium acnes.(AU)
Canine papillomatosis is an infectious disease caused by papillomavirus and characterized by benign cutaneous neoformations in the oral cavity, lips, pharynx, esophagus and genital tract. This disease is species-specific, self-limiting, and usually can regress between four and eight weeks after lesions appearance, but in some cases, it may become chronic causing dysphagia and even pharyngeal obstruction. Its transmission occurs through direct or indirect contact with secretions or blood from contaminated animals. The diagnosis is obtained by the association of clinical aspects and histopathological examination. Due to its self-limiting potential, different treatment protocols are described, among them, immunostimulants, auto-vaccines, surgical resection, antiviral drugs and autohemotherapy. This study describes a case of papillomatosis focusing on the failed use of the autogenous vaccine associated with Propionibacterium acnes.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Cães/microbiologia , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologia , Autovacinas/análise , PapilomaRESUMO
Hybrid vaccines have been investigated in clinical and experimental studies once expresses total antigens of a tumor cell combined with the ability of a dendritic cell (DC) to stimulate immune responses. However, the response triggered by these vaccines is often weak, requiring the use of adjuvants to increase vaccine immunogenicity. Killed Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) exerts immunomodulatory effects by increasing the phagocytic and tumoricidal activities of macrophages, promoting DC maturation, inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines production and increasing the humoral response to different antigens. Here, we evaluated the effect of P. acnes on a specific antitumor immune response elicited by a hybrid vaccine in a mouse melanoma model. Hybrid vaccine associated with P. acnes increased the absolute number of memory T cells, the IFN-γ secretion by these cells and the IgG-specific titers to B16F10 antigens, polarizing the immune response to a T helper 1 pattern. Furthermore, the addition of P. acnes to a hybrid vaccine increased the cytotoxic activity of splenocytes toward B16F10 in vitro and avoided late tumor progression in a pulmonary colonization model. These results revealed the adjuvant effect of a killed P. acnes suspension, as it improved specific humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by DC-tumor cell hybrid vaccines.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Melanoma Experimental/imunologia , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CCL1/imunologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Linfonodos/imunologia , Melanoma Experimental/patologia , Melanoma Experimental/prevenção & controle , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Baço/imunologia , Carga Tumoral , Vacinas de Produtos InativadosRESUMO
Immunization of BALB/c mice with HIVBr18, a DNA vaccine containing 18 CD4+ T cell epitopes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), induced specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in a broad, polyfunctional and persistent manner. With the aim of increasing the immunogenicity of this vaccine, the effect of Propionibacterium acnes as an adjuvant was evaluated. The adjuvant effects of this bacterium have been extensively demonstrated in both experimental and clinical settings. Herein, administration of two doses of HIVBr18, in the presence of P. acnes, increased the proliferation of HIV-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, the polyfunctional profile of CD4+ T cells, the production of IFN-γ, and the number of recognized vaccine-encoded peptides. One of the bacterial components responsible for most of the adjuvant effects observed was a soluble polysaccharide extracted from the P. acnes cell wall. Furthermore, within 10 weeks after immunization, the proliferation of specific T cells and production of IFN-γ were maintained when the whole bacterium was administered, demonstrating a greater effect on the longevity of the immune response by P. acnes. Even with fewer immunization doses, P. acnes was found to be a potent adjuvant capable of potentiating the effects of the HIVBr18 vaccine. Therefore, P. acnes may be a potential adjuvant to aid this vaccine in inducing immunity or for therapeutic use.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra a AIDS/imunologia , Coinfecção , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Imunogenicidade da Vacina/imunologia , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologia , Vacinas contra a AIDS/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , HIV-1/imunologia , Humanos , Imunomodulação , Camundongos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Vacinas de DNA/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de DNA/imunologiaRESUMO
Acne fulminans is a rare and severe variant of acne. In Brazilian medical journals, cases are infrequently reported, confirming its rarity. We followed five young male patients with this severe variant of cutaneous lesions, accompanied by also severe systemic symptoms: fever, anorexia, weight loss, and arthralgia. All had a good response to corticosteroids (prednisone), but had significant scarring.
Assuntos
Acne Vulgar/complicações , Acne Vulgar/patologia , Artralgia/etiologia , Febre/etiologia , Acne Vulgar/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Progressão da Doença , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Necrose , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Superantígenos/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract: Acne fulminans is a rare and severe variant of acne. In Brazilian medical journals, cases are infrequently reported, confirming its rarity. We followed five young male patients with this severe variant of cutaneous lesions, accompanied by also severe systemic symptoms: fever, anorexia, weight loss, and arthralgia. All had a good response to corticosteroids (prednisone), but had significant scarring.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Acne Vulgar/complicações , Acne Vulgar/patologia , Artralgia/etiologia , Febre/etiologia , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Acne Vulgar/tratamento farmacológico , Superantígenos/imunologia , Progressão da Doença , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , NecroseRESUMO
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus present in normal human skin microbiota, which exerts important immunomodulatory effects, when used as heat- or phenol-killed suspensions. We previously demonstrated that heat-killed P. acnes or its soluble polysaccharide (PS), extracted from the bacterium cell wall, suppressed or potentiated the Th2 response to ovalbumin (OVA) in an immediate hypersensitivity model, depending on the treatment protocol. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for these effects, using the same model and focusing on the activation status of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We verified that higher numbers of APCs expressing costimulatory molecules and higher expression levels of these molecules are probably related to potentiation of the Th2 response to OVA induced by P. acnes or PS, while higher expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) seems to be related to Th2 suppression. In vitro cytokines production in cocultures of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes indicated that P. acnes and PS seem to perform their effects by acting directly on APCs. Our data suggest that P. acnes and PS directly act on APCs, modulating the expression of costimulatory molecules and TLRs, and these differently activated APCs drive distinct T helper patterns to OVA in our model.
Assuntos
Células Apresentadoras de Antígenos/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/imunologia , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/imunologia , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Antígeno B7-1/biossíntese , Antígeno B7-2/biossíntese , Antígenos CD40/biossíntese , Citocinas/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Antígeno 96 de Linfócito/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos A , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/imunologia , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/biossíntese , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/biossíntese , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologiaRESUMO
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis in which the host response to the infectious agent typically consists of a chronic granulomatous inflammatory process. This condition causes lesions that impair lung function and lead to chronic pulmonary insufficiency resulting from fibrosis development, which is a sequel and disabling feature of the disease. The rPb27 protein has been studied for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against PCM. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown a protective effect of rPb27 against PCM. However, these studies have not determined whether rPb27 immunization prevents lung fibrosis. We therefore conducted this study to investigate fibrosis resulting from infection by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the lungs of animals immunized with rPb27. Animals were immunized with rPb27 and subsequently infected with a virulent strain of P. brasiliensis. Fungal load was evaluated by counting colony-forming units, and Masson's trichrome staining was performed to evaluate fibrosis at 30 and 90 days post-infection. The levels of CCR7, active caspase 3, collagen and cytokines were analyzed. At the two time intervals mentioned, the rPb27 group showed lower levels of fibrosis on histology and reduced levels of collagen and the chemokine receptor CCR7 in the lungs. CCR7 was detected at higher levels in the control groups that developed very high levels of pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, the immunized groups showed high levels of active caspase 3, IFN-γ, TGF-ß and IL-10 in the early phase of P. brasiliensis infection. Immunization with Pb27, in addition to its protective effect, was shown to prevent pulmonary fibrosis.
Assuntos
Proteínas Fúngicas/imunologia , Paracoccidioides/imunologia , Paracoccidioidomicose/imunologia , Fibrose Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Animais , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antígenos de Fungos/imunologia , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Fúngicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Fúngicas/imunologia , Imunização , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Paracoccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Paracoccidioidomicose/prevenção & controle , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologia , Fibrose Pulmonar/imunologia , Fibrose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Receptores CCR7/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismoRESUMO
To date, there is no vaccine available against human leishmaniasis. Although some vaccination protocols can induce immunity in murine models, they fail to induce protection in humans. The reasons for that remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to characterize the changes in the pattern of the immune response during subcutaneous vaccination with Leishvacin® in mice. We also investigated whether IFN-γ and nitric oxide synthase are indispensable for the protection elicited by the vaccine. C57BL/6 WT vaccinated mice showed smaller lesions and fewer numbers of parasites in footpads until 8 weeks post-infection. Up to this time, they produced higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-10 and higher specific antibody response than control non-vaccinated mice. Moreover, we showed that IFN-γ, most likely by induction of iNOS expression, is essential for immunity. However, after 12 weeks of infection, we observed loss of difference in lesion size and parasite burden between the groups. Loss of resistance was associated with the disappearance of differences in cytokine patterns between vaccinated and control mice, but not of antibody response, which remained different until a later time of infection. The reversal of resistance to L. amazonensis could not be explained by upregulation of regulatory cytokines. Our data point to a subversion of the host immune response by L. amazonensis even when a protective response was previously induced.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Leishmania mexicana/imunologia , Vacinas contra Leishmaniose/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/prevenção & controle , Vacinação , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Imunidade Humoral , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Interleucina-4/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Propionibacterium acnes/imunologiaRESUMO
Immunostimulants are susbstances that stimuli the response of effector cells to activate the immune response such as antigen uptake, cytokine release or antibody response. These substances can increase resistence to infection by different types of microorganisms, reducing dependence of antibiotics used in livestock animals. Recent reports have demonstrated the positive effect of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) to control animal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the non-specific immunostimulant P. acnes on immunological functions and growth performance in goat kids. Twenty five goat kids served as control group (A) and another 25 animals received P. acnes being the experimental group (B). Kids were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to assess humoral immunity. To assess in vivo cell immunity, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) test with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was used, clinical signs and body weight were recorded each week until 9 weeks of age when the experiment ended. Blood samples were obtained to analyze serum proteins fractions and anti-OVA specific antibodies. No clinical signs of disease and no differences (p>0.05) on body weight between groups were recorded (7.32±0.81 kg in group A, 7.13±0.65 kg in group B). Goat kids from group B had more total protein (59.8±5g/l) and albumin levels (32.8±3.3g/l) than goat kids from group A (56.6±5.7 g/l, 29.6±3.9 g/l respectively) (p<0.05). DTH response in goat kids from group B on day 42 was higher (p<0.05) than group A. At day 63, goat kids from group receiving P. acnes had higher percentage (85.4) of anti-OVA IgM titers (p<0.05) than control group (57.7). In conclusion, the results showed that oral administration of P. acnes to goat kids improved some aspects of the immune system of the animals and it could be used to control goat diseases.