RESUMO
Use of oral contraceptives is a recognised but infrequent cause of chorea. This type of chorea has usually been considered a reactivation of Sydenham's chorea by an unknown mechanism. A patient developed a chorea triggered by the use of oral contraceptives with no definite evidence of previous Sydenham's chorea or recent streptoccocal infections. However, the patient had positive anti-basal ganglia antibodies, which supports an immunological basis for the pathophysiology of this chorea.
Assuntos
Gânglios da Base/imunologia , Coreia/induzido quimicamente , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona , Anticoncepcionais Orais/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Anticorpos/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias , Coreia/tratamento farmacológico , Desoxirribonucleases/imunologia , Antagonistas de Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Expressão Facial , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas Oncogênicas/imunologia , Proteínas de Ligação a Poli-ADP-Ribose , Autoimagem , Estreptolisinas/imunologia , Sulpirida/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Paraneoplastic syndromes are disorders associated with cancer but without a direct effect of the tumor mass or its metastases on the nervous system. Small cell carcinoma of lung associated with paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy and/or paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis with the presence of anti-Hu antibodies has been termed "anti-Hu syndrome." Anti-Hu associated PSN-PEM is an immune disorder in which both cell-mediated and humoral mechanisms are involved. Patients are considered affected by Anti-Hu associated PSN-PEM when they develop clinical signs and symptoms of CNS dysfunction and/or sensory neuropathy not caused by metastases or other disorders, and serum or cerebrospinal fluid is positive for Hu abs. SCLC is found in more than 90% of patients with cancer and positive Hu abs. Individual patients with Hu abs associated to SCLC may suffer PSN-PEM, limbic encephalitis, brainstem encephalopathy, opsoclonus-myoclonus, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration or myelopathy. Hu abs have a specificity of 99% and sensitivity of 82% in detecting paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. There are two types of treatment: the first is to treat the cancer, the second is to suppress the immune reaction with the use of corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin and immunoadsorption; however, treatment of paraneoplastic syndromes is generally unsatisfactory.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antinucleares/análise , Antígenos HLA-D/imunologia , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/epidemiologia , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/imunologia , Formação de Anticorpos/fisiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-D/análise , Humanos , Imunidade/fisiologia , Masculino , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , Proteínas Oncogênicas/análise , Proteínas Oncogênicas/imunologia , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Her-2/neu belongs to the family of tyrosine kinase transmembrane proteins whose overexpression has been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. The product of this proto-oncogene is overexpressed in 25-30% of human breast cancer and is the target of selective immunotherapy. Concerned about the ethnic differences on the expression of this oncogene, we have evaluated 143 consecutive specimens of primary breast cancer diagnosed in San Pablo Hospital, Puerto Rico. The specimens were analyzed for Her-2/neu expression using immunohistochemistry assays (Hercept test). We have related the expression of hormone receptor status, percent cells in S phase, DNA ploidy, tumor size, nodal status and menopausal state with the Her2/neu expression. Out of 143 specimens, 28 overexpressed the Her-2/neu (19.6%). Of the Her/2 negative 30/114 (26%) were estrogen receptor negative as compared to 9/27 (33%) (p = 0.464). The degree of aneuploidy was abnormal in 25/104 (24%) in the Her-2/neu negative vs 11/27 (41%) p = 0.083. The percent cell in DNA synthesis was high in 16/77 (21%) in Her-2/neu negative vs 4/15 (27%) p = 0.613. The tumor size was greater than 2 cm in 35/106 (33%) in Her-2/neu negative vs 9/23 (39%) p = 0.575. In the progesterone specimens negative for Her2, 44/114 (39%) were Her2/neu negative vs 15/27 (56%) p = 0.108. No differences were seen regarding menopausal status, age and nuclear grading. A trend favoring abnormal aneuploidy in Her2/neu positive was seen. Nodal involvement was significantly associated with Her2/neu overexpression. (p = 0.037). Although the incidence of Her2 overexpression found in this database was somewhat lower than the one reported in the literature, this might also be due to the small cohort examined or to the technique utilized.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/etnologia , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/etnologia , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Metástase Linfática , Menopausa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Oncogênicas/imunologia , Ploidias , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Porto Rico/etnologia , Receptor ErbB-2/imunologia , Fase SRESUMO
Our studies provide evidence for the presence of cyclin D1 in an early G1 cycle-specific DNA binding complex Yi1. Previously we identified several complexes including Yi and E2F that at different times during G0 to S transition bind to three distinct DNA sequences (MT1, MT2, MT3) located in the mouse thymidine kinase upstream promoter. These various complexes contain DNA binding proteins (Sp1, E2F, p110, p60), cyclins A and E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), and retinoblastoma-related proteins (pRB, p107). Here we report that Yi1 is different from the E2F complexes. Yi1 contains cyclin D1/cdk2 kinase as shown by using specific antibodies to cyclins, cdks and the Yi1 DNA-binding protein in gel retardation, western blotting, and immunoprecipitation assays. Yi1 binding is specific to a consensus sequence different from that of E2F.
Assuntos
Quinases relacionadas a CDC2 e CDC28 , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/metabolismo , Ciclinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Timidina Quinase/genética , Células 3T3 , Animais , Anticorpos , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Ligação Competitiva , Ciclina D1 , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/imunologia , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/isolamento & purificação , Ciclinas/imunologia , DNA/genética , Fase G1 , Técnicas In Vitro , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Oncogênicas/imunologia , Testes de Precipitina , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/imunologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The expression of c-myc and p-ras-21 oncogenes was studied using an immunohistochemical method with monoclonal antibodies in 126 samples of gallbladder carcinoma (103 primary tumors and 23 metastatic lesions). Twenty five gallbladder samples without tumor evidence were used as controls. C-myc oncoprotein was positive in one control sample and p-ras-21 oncoprotein was negative in all. Among primary carcinomas c-myc was positive in 9 (9 per cent) and 4 (4 per cent); among metastatic carcinomas c-myc was positive in 6 (26 per cent, p=0.03 vs primary carcinoma) and p-ras-21 in 11 (48 per cent, p <0.001 vs primary carcinoma). There was a non significant association between c-myc and p-ras-21 expression and degree of histological differentiation and levelñ of tumoral infiltration. It is concliuded that c-myc and p-ras-21 oncoprotein expression is observed in less than 10 per cent of primary gallbladder carcinomas and that this expression is significantly higher in metastatic cells