RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis with susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and high risk of skin cancer considered a model of viral oncogenesis. METHODS: Fifteen cases of EV plane wart (PW)-type lesions (EV) and 14 cases of PW in healthy individuals were subjected to immunohistochemical technique for cytokeratins (K) 1, 10, 14, 16, 4, involucrin, filaggrin and e-cadherin. RESULTS: K1/10 showed retarded or negative expression in EV, being substituted by K14. Expression of K14 occurred in the basal and suprabasal layers in both groups, but in EV, its expression was observed up to the more superficial layers. Both groups showed positivity for K16 and K4, involucrin expression in lower levels of the spinous layer and unaltered filaggrin expression. E-cadherin expression was diminished at the koilocytotic foci of both lesions, more superficially in EV. CONCLUSION: Infection by HPV may alter the differentiation status of the epidermis, leading to a major expression of K14, delayed or absent expression of K1/10 and earlier involucrin expression, especially in EV. It also stimulates the expression of K16 and K4. Filaggrin expression is not altered, and e-cadherin is diminished in superficial koilocytotic cells' foci in EV.
Assuntos
Caderinas/biossíntese , Epidermodisplasia Verruciforme/metabolismo , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/biossíntese , Queratinas/biossíntese , Precursores de Proteínas/biossíntese , Dermatopatias/metabolismo , Adulto , Caderinas/genética , Epidermodisplasia Verruciforme/patologia , Epidermodisplasia Verruciforme/virologia , Feminino , Proteínas Filagrinas , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/genética , Queratinas/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Precursores de Proteínas/genética , Dermatopatias/patologia , Dermatopatias/virologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a Molluscipox virus infection of keratinocytes with hyperplasia and intracytoplasmic inclusions - the molluscum bodies (MBs). Few papers address cytokeratins (K) profile in MC, mainly focusing terminal keratinization process. METHODS: Forty-one MC lesions were subjected to immunohistochemical technique to verify K1, K10, K14, K16, involucrin, filaggrin, E-cadherin and p63 expression. MC immunolabeling pattern was compared to adjacent normal appearing epidermis (ANAE). RESULTS: In MC and ANAE, K1/K10 were expressed in suprabasal layers, K14 was expressed in basal and suprabasal layers and K16 was expressed through all spinous layer. Involucrin and filaggrin were observed in granular, spinous and in basal layer of ANAE and MC. E-cadherin was present up to the first layers of MC while ANAE exhibited E-cadherin labeling at basal and spinous layers. Basal and spinous layers keratinocytes nuclei, in both MC and ANAE, express p63. CONCLUSION: Infection by Molluscipox virus alters keratinocyte differentiation status. The presence of K14 and p63 in spinous layer, as well as early expression of involucrin and filaggrin, associated to a hyperproliferative state disclosed by K16 expression, may be a result of disruption in keratinocytes maturation process. The changes observed at ANAE may represent early events in keratinization disturbance.
Assuntos
Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Molusco Contagioso/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/análise , Caderinas/biossíntese , Adesão Celular/fisiologia , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Proteínas Filagrinas , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lactente , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/biossíntese , Queratinócitos/patologia , Queratinas/biossíntese , Proteínas de Membrana/biossíntese , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Molusco Contagioso/patologia , Precursores de Proteínas/biossíntese , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Little is known about postnatal enteric nervous system (ENS) development, but some reports suggest that the postnatal bowel may contain neural stem cells. Therefore, we created an in vitro model of desegregation using an enzymatic and mechanical tissue technique. This approach yielded a group of cells from the small intestine of lactating and adult mice, which ex vivo attach to the culture dish; actively proliferate; and express nestin, vimentin, and the pro-neural transcription factors neurogenin-2 (ngn-2), Sox-10, and Mash-1. In the conditions grown, double immunostains suggest that they differentiate into various cell types, particularly neurons, smooth muscle, and glia including 04 protein-positive cells. They also express the neurotrophic-protein tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptors TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC; the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR; and the glial-derived neurotrophic factor receptors (GFR)alpha-1, GFRalpha-2, and GFRalpha-3. The neurons expressed several sensory and motor neurotransmitters present in the central and enteric nervous systems, including calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptideY, peptideYY, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and galanin; along with glia, these neurons formed elaborate intercellular connections. They also express c-KIT, CD34, CD20, and CD45RO, suggesting they either have a hematogenous origin or may differentiate toward hematogenous lines. These findings suggest that these cells may be enteric neural stem cells (ENSCs); may normally be present in the small intestine; and may have the capacity to proliferate and differentiate into neurons, glia, and smooth muscle. Further identification and purification of intestinal ENSCs will provide a means to study the regulation of their differentiation and should give insight into the mechanisms involved in development and remodeling of the ENS. The possible therapeutic application of postnatal stem cells such as ENSCs needs to be evaluated, including their use for transplantation in the central nervous system.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/biossíntese , Intestino Delgado/citologia , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/citologia , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/biossíntese , Neuroglia/citologia , Neurônios/citologia , Animais , Bromodesoxiuridina/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Células Cultivadas , Sistema Nervoso Central/citologia , Corantes/farmacologia , Receptores de Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imuno-Histoquímica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Nestina , Neuroglia/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Células-Tronco/citologiaRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori gastric infection induces structural changes in the gastric epithelium. Among them, variations in the expression of cytokeratins have been reported in adult patients. In the present study, we describe the expression of CK7 and CK20 in gastric samples taken from the antrum in three groups of pediatric patients: (A) Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis (mean age: 11.4 years); (B) previous H. pylori chronic gastritis patients (mean age: 9.4 years); and (C) controls (mean age: 8.8 years). In all, the presence of sulfomucins was assessed with Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff pH 1.0. Immunoreactivity was graded as absent (0), weak (1+), moderate (2+), or intense (3+), in accordance with the intensity of the staining, and its distribution as focal or diffuse. CK7 reactivity was 2+ either focal or diffuse in all group A biopsies. The reactivity was more evident in the cells at the neck of the glands, in the areas with more inflammatory infiltrates, decorating long vertical segments of epithelium. In groups B and C, CK7 reactivity was also focal and 1+ at the cells of the necks of the glands. However, group B presented longer vertical segments of positive cells as compared to group C, and shorter than those of group A. The deeper glandular structures were focally 1+ in both groups. CK20 expression was comparable in all three groups, depicting a 2+ diffuse reactivity at the surface epithelium and interposed pits with absence or focal reactivity at the neck and coiled gland areas. Ki-67 immunostaining paralleled that of the CK7. Staining for sulfated mucosubstances was positive in two of five cases of groups A and B, and in none of the cases of group C. We conclude that: (1) the long segments of CK7-positive glandular necks in H. pylori cases most probably indicate intense regenerative activity during active inflammation; (2) eradication of H. pylori does not warrant ad integrum restitution since long segments of Ki-67+, CK7+ cells at the germinative compartment of the glands (as well as cells with sulfomucins) were still recognizable in ex- H. pylori patients; (3) finally, differing from what happens in adults, children somehow manage to maintain fully differentiated CK20+ superficial epithelium while the H. pylori is in action.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediários/biossíntese , Queratinas/biossíntese , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite/metabolismo , Gastrite/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Queratina-20 , Queratina-7 , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Masculino , Antro Pilórico/metabolismo , Antro Pilórico/patologiaRESUMO
The expression of laminin-1 chains (beta1 and gamma1), laminin-2 (merosin), integrin receptors to laminin (alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4) and cytokeratin (CK20) were studied by immunohistochemical methods in gastric biopsies from antrum of 25 patients. H. pylori gastritis was found in 19 cases and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in four from these 19. Another 13 biopsies, all with IM were immunostained to laminin-2. Laminin-1 chains in normal and gastritis areas without IM were expressed as a strong, linear and continuous deposit in the basement membranes of the superficial and glandular epithelium. In metaplastic glands the reactivity to laminin-1 chains was decreased. Merosin was discontinuous when a moderate to accentuated H. pylori glandular colonization was present. Samples with IM were negative to laminin-2. The alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 integrins were negative only in IM gastric biopsies. The CK20 immunoreactivity was strong and homogeneous in the cells at the tip and the upper portion of foveolae in normal areas and in gastritis with IM the reactivity to CK 20 was heterogeneous. A differential expression of laminin isoforms is related to inflammation and subsequent IM caused by H. pylori. The alterations of alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 parallel both modifications in merosin and CK20 expression in H. pylori chronic gastritis.