RESUMO
A need exists for further research elucidating the benefits of environmentally safe photoprotective agents against ultraviolet (UV) exposure, and plant extracts represent a human-friendly alternative formulation. This study was designed to evaluate the potential use of Bellis perennis extract (BPE), from the Asteraceae family, known as the common daisy or the English daisy, in cosmeceuticals as a photoprotective factor, using an in vitro model of UVA-induced keratinocyte damage. Human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) were incubated with BPE at 0.01, 0.1, or 1% in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), and after 15 min they were submitted to UVA radiation at 5, 10, and 15 J/cm2 doses, respectively. For comparative purposes, Polypodium leucotomos extract (PLE), known as the fern, was used as a positive control in assessing the photoprotective effect. After 24 h of UVA exposure, cell viability (MTT and LDH assays), levels of cleaved caspase-3, cyclooxygenase-2, IL-6, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme (catalase, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase) activity were determined. UVA radiation at 5, 10, and 15 J/cm2 doses reduced cell viability to 63%, 43%, and 23%, respectively; we selected 10 J/cm2 for our purposes. After 24 h of UVA exposure, treatment with 1% BPE and 1% PLE significantly recovered cell viability (p < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment was associated with lower cleaved caspase-3 and ROS levels, higher catalase activity, and lower IL-6 levels in the treated UVA keratinocytes compared with the untreated UVA group (p < 0.01). Our results demonstrate photoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of BPE in skin keratinocytes and support its use as a bioactive agent in cosmetic formulations to prevent skin damage caused by exposure to the UV light.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/química , Imunomodulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Raios Ultravioleta , Asteraceae/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Imunomodulação/efeitos da radiação , Queratinócitos/citologia , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Excessive UV solar radiation exposure causes human health risks; therefore, the study of multifunctional filters is important to skin UV protective ability and also to other beneficial activities to the human organism, such as reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for cellular damages. Potential multifunctional filters were obtained by intercalating of ferulate anions into layered simple metal hydroxides (LSH) through anion exchange and precipitation at constant pH methods. Ultrasound treatment was used in order to investigate the structural changes in LSH-ferulate materials. Structural and spectroscopic analyses show the formation of layered materials composed by a mixture of LSH intercalated with ferulate anions, where carboxylate groups of ferulate species interact with LSH layers. UV-VIS absorption spectra and in vitro SPF measurements indicate that LSH-ferulate systems have UV shielding capacity, mainly UVB protection. The results of reactive species assays show the ability of layered compounds in capture DPPHâ¢, ABTSâ¢+, ROOâ¢, and HOCl/OCl- reactive species. LSH-ferulate materials exhibit antioxidant activity and singular optical properties that enable their use as multifunctional filters.
Assuntos
Hidróxidos/química , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Zinco/química , Ânions/química , Antioxidantes/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Substâncias Intercalantes/química , Metais/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/química , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Sistema Solar/química , Análise EspectralRESUMO
The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by the sun are cumulative and can result in chemical changes such as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the regular use of sunscreen. As an alternative, the use of antioxidants, such as quercetin, into sunscreen can control these effects and provide additional skin photoprotection. However, quercetin presents low stability and poor permeation, alternatively, the encapsulation in nanoparticles can improve the stability and skin permeation. Thus, this study aimed to develop photoprotective formulations containing nanoencapsulated quercetin, characterize the physical-mechanical and sensorial properties, and evaluate the influence of nanocarriers on sun protection factor (SPF) and the immediate clinical effects. Sunscreen formulations with or without antioxidants in a free form or loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were developed. After the stability, rheological behavior, texture profile, and in vivo SPF (sun protector factor) evaluation, sixty female participants, aged between 20 and 35 years, were enclosed to evaluate the sensorial properties and immediate clinical effects of the formulation in the skin hydration using biophysical and skin imaging techniques. The correlation of rheological behavior, texture profile, and sensory properties enabled the correct choice of formulation ingredients. In addition, the use of NLCs with quercetin significantly improved the SPF in vivo of the developed photoprotective formulation, without increasing the amount of UV filters. Finally, the association of NLCs in the photoprotective formulation showed synergistic effects in the SPF and an improvement in the skin barrier function and hydration.
Assuntos
Composição de Medicamentos , Lipídeos/administração & dosagem , Nanopartículas/química , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Fator de Proteção Solar , Protetores Solares/química , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Raios Ultravioleta , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Essential oils are a mixture of volatile compounds, products of the secondary metabolism of plants. Once extracted, they can be deteriorated losing their organoleptic and therapeutic properties due to various environmental factors, being light exposure in aerobic conditions the main cause. In this work, the oregano essential oil extraction and characterization from Origanum vulgare plants grown in the experimental field of the FTU-UNSL and its photodegradation in MeOH:H2 O 60:40 v/v solvent were studied. Characterization by EIMS and NIST Mass Spectrometry indicates the main compounds of oregano essential oil, quantified in the extracted oil by GC-MS, are carvacrol (7.14%) and thymol (47.37%). Degradation of essential oil and its two major components can be caused by reactive oxygen species photogenerated from endogenous sensitizers as riboflavin. Our results suggest degradation occurs involving singlet molecular oxygen. Interaction of carvacrol and thymol with singlet oxygen is mainly a physical process, while essential oil has an important reactive component, which indicates there might be other constituents which could contribute to reactive photoprotection. The effect of simultaneous presence of oregano essential oil and tryptophan amino acid-used as a photooxidizable model under riboflavin-photosensitizing conditions-was studied in order to evaluate the possible photoprotection exerted by the essential oil.
Assuntos
Luz , Óleos Voláteis/química , Origanum/química , Óleos de Plantas/química , Oxigênio Singlete/química , Cimenos/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Fotólise , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Timol/análiseRESUMO
Lignin is a high added-value product obtained from agrowastes through organosolv process to yield materials for technological applications. Here, coconut shell organosolv lignin was fractionated using green solvents (acetone and ethanol) and incorporated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. The non-fractionated (WCSAL) and soluble fractions (ACT-F and EtOH-F) were completely characterized regarding their structures. The fractionation process altered lignins molecular weights, decreasing with the increased solvent polarity, although the higher polarity favored the dissolution of acylated and methoxylated fragments. PMMA films incorporated with lignin fractions were analyzed by TGA and DSC, which showed improved thermal and thermo-oxidative stabilities. DMA analyses of the films indicated that lignin soluble fractions had a plasticizer effect, while non-fractionated lignin increased PMMA films glass transition temperature (Tg). The antioxidant capacity of the films was also enhanced with the addition of lignins, in which those incorporated with soluble fractions showed the lowest IC50 values. The optical properties and photo-stability were also considerably improved, especially in the UVA and UVB regions. Therefore, solvent-fractionation represents a potential sustainable process to obtain lignins featuring different chemical structures, which can be applied effectively in the enhancement of PMMA films properties.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cocos/genética , Lignina/química , Polimetil Metacrilato/química , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Peso Molecular , Análise Espectral , Termogravimetria , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a multifunctional hair care formulation-Hair BB Cream-containing botanical extracts of Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera, and Euterpe orleacea, vitamins, amino acids, UV filters, and silicones for hair treatment and prevention of UV damages. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the botanical extracts was evaluated using the DPPH and chemiluminescence methods. A tensile test, combability, shine, and image analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the formulation. To evaluate protection against UV damage, the hair strands were submitted to UV radiation without and with the application of the Hair BB Cream. The results showed that the application of the Hair BB Cream promoted a reduction in combability values and an increase in break stress and gloss values. After exposure to UV radiation, the hair treated with the BB Cream formulation showed no difference in the mechanical properties test, indicating protection against UV damage. In conclusion, the multifunctional formulation showed several benefits of single product acting in the prevention of UV damage and the treatment of hair damage. Thus, the Hair BB Cream proposed can be suggested as an effective multifunctional hair care product.
Assuntos
Preparações para Cabelo/farmacologia , Cabelo , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Raios Ultravioleta , Vitaminas/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Preparações para Cabelo/química , Humanos , Luminescência , Picratos/química , Exposição à Radiação , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Silicones/farmacologia , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
Absorption spectra are indicative of biological sample chemical composition and can be used as a basis for the construction of descriptive and predictive models for biotechnological screening or assays. In marine algae, chemical composition can vary due to species-specific differences in biochemistry, as well as intra-specific responses to unique environmental variables. Different indices (UVCi, UVB+Ai and PARi) were proposed and calculated to evaluate how photoprotective compounds vary in 18 species of Phaeophyceae. In addition, they were correlated to abiotic factors. Through this technique, seven main peaks were detected in the absorbing spectra of marine brown algal extracts. The highest photoprotective indices values were found in species collected in tropical areas, where higher solar radiation is observed compared to the southern Brazilian coast. Considering additional abiotic factors, water temperature and nitrate concentration were negatively correlated with UV indices. PARi's indices were positively affected by nitrate. All species collected on the Brazilian coast have absorption peaks in the region of phenolic compounds and carotenoids, suggesting that tropical marine brown macroalgae may have developed an effective antioxidant defense system, suggesting adaptation to environments characterized by high solar radiation. UVR/PAR indices congregated essential information to possible future biotechnological screening, facilitating selection of high priority species or sites, fostering actions to enhance alternative sustainable management strategies of coastal environments.
Assuntos
Absorção de Radiação , Phaeophyceae/química , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Alga Marinha/química , Raios Ultravioleta , BrasilRESUMO
Achyrocline satureioides is a medicinal plant widely used in South America that exhibits a well-documented antioxidant activity. Such activity has been related to their main aglycone flavonoids quercetin, luteolin, and 3-O-methylquercetin (3MQ). This study addresses the development of antioxidant hydrogels containing an A. satureioides extract-loaded nanoemulsions aimed at topical application. The systems investigated were A. satureioides extract-loaded nanoemulsions (ASNE) obtained by spontaneous emulsification procedure formulated in semisolid hydrogels composed of Carbopol® Ultrez 20 (HASNE). Hydrogels exhibit a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior. A higher release of 3MQ from ASNE (3.61µg/cm(2)/h) was observed when compared with HASNE (2.83µg/cm(2)/h). Different parameters that may have an influence on the retention of flavonoids into the skin were investigated by using a Franz-type diffusion cells. Indeed, the amount of formulation applied on donor compartment was found to play a crucial role. At the optimized conditions, retention of approximately 2µg/cm(2) of flavonoids was detected into the skin. A higher retention of 3MQ was detected (approximately 1.0µg/cm(2)) in comparison with the other flavonoids. Finally, a protection the porcine ear skin by formulations, against oxidative stress generated by UVA/UVB light was demonstrated by means of TBARS, protein carbonylation, and protein thiol content assays. The overall results showed the potential of the formulations developed in this study for the prevention of oxidative stress on the skin.
Assuntos
Achyrocline/química , Hidrogéis/química , Nanoestruturas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Composição de Medicamentos , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Emulsões , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Permeabilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Permeabilidade/efeitos da radiação , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Protetores contra Radiação/metabolismo , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Pele/citologia , Pele/metabolismo , ViscosidadeRESUMO
The study examined the radioprotective activity of an aqueous extract from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium administered to Balb/c mice. Male mice were whole-body irradiated on day 0 ((60)Co, at 0.43 Gy/min) and divided into two groups. The extract was administered intraperitoneally to one group (100 mg/kg) on days - 10 to - 6 and - 2 to +1 with respect to the irradiation. The irradiated-control group was injected with saline solution; non-irradiated mice were used as negative controls. The radioprotective effect was evident by increases in bone marrow cellularity (5.1 × 10(6)/femur vs. 1.1 × 10(6)/femur in saline-control mice, p < 0.05), leucocyte counts (10.5 × 10(9)/L vs. 4.5 × 10(9)/L, p < 0.05), and spleen cellularity (11.2 × 10(7)/spleen vs. 6.2 × 10(7)/spleen, p < 0.05). The extract stimulated macrophage phagocytic activity as judged by a faster rate of carbon clearance in terms of absorbance ratios (1.62 vs. 2.01, p < 0.05). Therefore, this extract may be a candidate therapeutic agent with radioprotective activity for haematopoiesis damage, particularly to cells involved in immune function.
Assuntos
Hematopoese/efeitos dos fármacos , Pleurotus/química , Protetores contra Radiação/química , Agaricales/química , Animais , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/efeitos da radiação , Contagem de Leucócitos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Micélio/química , Fagocitose , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential positive effect of black grape juice (BGJ) on lipid peroxidation considering Total Body Irradiation (TBI) in Wistar rats. As a potential feasible means of evaluation in situ, blood serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were evaluated as a marker for heart damage from acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Twenty rats were divided into four groups, two of them being irradiated by gamma-rays from a Co-60 source. Animals were treated by gavage with 2 mL per day of BGJ or placebo for one week before and 4 days after 6 Gy whole body gamma-irradiation, when they were euthanasiated. LDH on serum and lipid peroxidation on heart tissue were evaluated. High concentration of metabolites from lipid peroxidation in heart, and high LDH level on serum were found only in gamma-irradiated group given placebo, mainly at the first 24 h after radiation. Phytochemical analysis of BGJ was performed by determining total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) analysis, which showed resveratrol as the major constituent. Results suggest that BGJ is a good protective candidate compound against heart damage from ARS and its effects suggest its use as a radiomodifier.