RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify associated factors with the appearance of pseudophakic retinal detachment in patients with history of cataract surgery. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study of 802 eyes of 783 patients with history of cataract surgery. Cases were patients with pseudophakic retinal detachment (n = 258 eyes), while controls were patients with cataract surgery who did not developed retinal detachment during a 10-year follow-up period (n = 544 eyes). RESULTS: Age at cataract surgery among cases was lower than in the control group (57 ± 13 vs. 67 ± 14 years old, respectively; p < 0.0001). Age at retinal detachment was 59 ± 13 years old (range 6-88) and the time between the cataract surgery and the retinal detachment had a median of 2 years (interquartile range 1-4) with a range of 1 month to 14 years. Associated factors for pseudophakic retinal detachment were younger age (<50 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 18.03, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 5.92-54.87; 50-59 years: aOR = 10.09, 95%CI = 3.37-30.23; and 60-69 years: aOR = 5.48, 95%CI = 1.88-15.93), male sex (aOR = 3.71, 95%CI = 2.54-5.44), anterior vitrectomy (aOR = 3.26, 95%CI = 1.16-9.16), history of retinal detachment in the fellow eye (aOR = 6.95, 95%CI = 3.15-15.31), and intraoperative complications during cataract extraction (aOR = 7.45, 95%CI = 3.54-15.69). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of associated factors with pseudophakic retinal detachment in a Colombian population. Surgical complications, sex, and age were found to be associated with retinal detachment. Patients should be aware of these potential risks to make informed decisions about their eye health.
Assuntos
Catarata , Descolamento Retiniano , Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Descolamento Retiniano/epidemiologia , Descolamento Retiniano/etiologia , Descolamento Retiniano/cirurgia , Pseudofacia/complicações , Pseudofacia/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Catarata/complicaçõesRESUMO
Objetivo: determinar si el sistema Scheimpflug por Pentacam tiene utilidad en la cuantificación objetiva de la opacidad de la cápsula posterior en los pacientes pseudofáquicos con aceite de silicona. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y observacional en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período comprendido entre abril del año 2012 y abril de 2014. Se evaluó, mediante sistema Scheimpflug del Pentacam para la cuantificación de la opacidad de cápsula posterior, a un grupo de 31 pacientes seudofáquicos sometidos a una vitrectomía previa con aceite de silicona y se compararon los resultados con los obtenidos en 26 pacientes operados solo de cirugía del cristalino con lente intraocular, para lo cual se utilizaron las variables edad, sexo, opacidad en grados por lámpara de hendidura y la intensidad media de píxeles en un área circular de 3 mm centrales seleccionada en los tomogramas, analizadas por el software Image J 1.42 q. Resultados: en los pacientes pseudofáquicos con aceite de silicona el sistema Scheimpflug no fue capaz de discernir entre los diferentes grados de opacidad de la cápsula posterior(p= 0,210) y no existió concordancia entre ambas mediciones (p= 0,120). Las mediciones realizadas en los pacientes pseudofáquicos con aceite de silicona con la lámpara de hendidura por dos observadores fueron similares (p= 0,042), al igual que existió buena correlación en las realizadas con el sistema Scheimpflug (r= 0,981). Cuando se compararon las mediciones realizadas con el sistema Scheimpflug en los dos grupos de pacientes se observó que las medias de intensidad en los grados 1 y 2 eran superiores a las halladas en los pacientes no vitrectomizados previamente, no así en los grados 3; solo en este último caso la diferencia fue significativa (p= 0,001). Conclusiones: el sistema Scheimpflug no es útil para cuantificar la opacidad de la cápsula posterior en los pacientes vitrectomizados previamente que aún tienen aceite de silicona(AU)
Objective: to determine whether the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system is useful for objective quantification of the posterior capsule opacity in pseudophakic patients with silicon oil-filled eyes. Methods: observational, prospective and descriptive study conducted in Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology in the period of April 2012 through April 2014. With the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system for the quantification of the posterior capsule opacity, 31 pseudophakic patients, who had undergone previous vitrectomy with silicon oil, were evaluated and their results were then compared with those of patients operated on through crystalline lens surgery and intraocular lens implantation (26 patients). To this end, the analyzed variables were age, sex, opacification degrees measured with slit lamp and average intensity in pixels in a 3mm round area selected from tomographs and analyzed by Image J 1.42 q software. Results: in pseudophakic patients with silicon oil-filled eyes, the Scheimpflug system could not differentiate the different levels of the posterior capsule opacity (p= 0.210) and there was no agreement between both measurements (p= 0.120). The measurements taken by two observers in pseudophakic patients using silicon oil and slit lamp were similar (p= 0.042) and good correlation in those taken with the Scheimpflug system (r= 0.981). When comparing the Scheimpflug system measurements taken in the two groups of patients, it was observed that the intensity means in grades 1 and 2 were higher than those found in non-vitrectomized patients, but in grade 3, the difference was significant (p= 0.001). Conclusions: Scheimpflug system is not useful to measure the posterior capsule opacity in previously vitrectomized patients who still have silicon oil-filled eyes(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Opacidade da Córnea/complicações , Cápsula Posterior do Cristalino/cirurgia , Pseudofacia/complicações , Óleos de Silicone/uso terapêutico , Tomografia/métodos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudo Observacional , Estudos Prospectivos , Vitrectomia/métodosRESUMO
Case reporting the use of one donor cornea for two transplantation procedures: deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in a case of an imminent corneal perforation caused by herpetic stromal necrosis, and Descemet stripping with endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) in an eye with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). Descemet's membrane (DM), denuded by stromal necrosis, served as the starting point for dissection plane and creation of the recipient bed for DALK. The next steps were excision of the diseased stroma along the edge of trephination, and transplantation of a 400-450 microm thick, manually dissected lamellar graft. The remaining posterior layers of the donor cornea, 100-150 microm thick, were used as a graft in the DSEK procedure for PBK. The integrity of the globe was saved, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 was reached after DALK in the eye with an imminent corneal perforation. A subnormal central corneal thickness (CCT) of 430 microm did not interfere with corneal shape (43.50 x 45.50 D) and function. The graft remained attached and clear after DSEK in the eye with PBK, with BCVA of 20/30 and a CCT of 653 microm. One donor cornea can be used for two lamellar keratoplasties, DALK and DSEK. Although the described obstacles may prevent this approach from becoming widely used, it may prove useful when one is confronted with a need for an urgent anterior lamellar keratoplasty, a long list of cases for DSEK, and a shortage of donor corneas.
Assuntos
Doenças da Córnea/cirurgia , Lâmina Limitante Posterior/cirurgia , Ceratoplastia Endotelial com Remoção da Lâmina Limitante Posterior/métodos , Ceratoplastia Penetrante/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças da Córnea/etiologia , Perfuração da Córnea/cirurgia , Substância Própria/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pseudofacia/complicaçõesRESUMO
Case reporting the use of one donor cornea for two transplantation procedures: deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in a case of an imminent corneal perforation caused by herpetic stromal necrosis, and Descemet stripping with endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) in an eye with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). Descemet's membrane (DM), denuded by stromal necrosis, served as the starting point for dissection plane and creation of the recipient bed for DALK. The next steps were excision of the diseased stroma along the edge of trephination, and transplantation of a 400-450 µm thick, manually dissected lamellar graft. The remaining posterior layers of the donor cornea, 100-150 µm thick, were used as a graft in the DSEK procedure for PBK. The integrity of the globe was saved, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 was reached after DALK in the eye with an imminent corneal perforation. A subnormal central corneal thickness (CCT) of 430 µm did not interfere with corneal shape (43.50 x 45.50 D) and function. The graft remained attached and clear after DSEK in the eye with PBK, with BCVA of 20/30 and a CCT of 653 µm. One donor cornea can be used for two lamellar keratoplasties, DALK and DSEK. Although the described obstacles may prevent this approach from becoming widely used, it may prove useful when one is confronted with a need for an urgent anterior lamellar keratoplasty, a long list of cases for DSEK, and a shortage of donor corneas.
Relato de caso descrevendo o uso de uma córnea doadora para dois procedimentos de transplante: ceratoplastia anterior lamelar profunda (DALK) no caso de uma perfuração corneal iminente causada por necrose estromal por herpes vírus, e ceratoplastia com transplante de endotélio (DSEK) no olho com ceratopatia bolhosa em pseudofacia (PBK). A membrana de Descemet (DM), previamente desnudada pela necrose estromal, serviu como ponto de partida para o plano de dissecção e da criação do leito estromal para DALK. Os passos seguintes foram a excisão do estroma acometido até a borda da trepanação, transplante de um botão doador de aproximadamente 400-450 µm de espessura manualmente dissecado. As camadas posteriores restantes da córnea doadora, com a espessura de 100-150 µm, foram utilizadas para o procedimento DSEK no olho com PBK. A integridade do globo ocular foi mantida, e a acuidade visual melhor corrigida (BCVA) de 20/40 foi alcançada após DALK no olho com a perfuração corneal iminente. A espessura corneal central (CCT) de 430 µm abaixo da normal não interferiu com a curvatura anterior da córnea (43,50 x 45,50 D), nem com a sua função. O transplante de endotélio manteve-se tópico e transparente após DSEK no olho com a PBK, com uma BCVA de 20/30 e CCT de 653 µm. Uma córnea doadora pode ser utilizada para duas ceratoplastias lamelares, DALK e DSEK. Apesar de, devido os obstáculos descritos, pode não ser recomendada para o uso cotidiano, esta abordagem mostra-se útil nos casos da necessidade de uma ceratoplastia lamelar anterior de urgência, a longa lista para DESK e a falta de córneas doadoras.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças da Córnea/cirurgia , Lâmina Limitante Posterior/cirurgia , Ceratoplastia Endotelial com Remoção da Lâmina Limitante Posterior/métodos , Ceratoplastia Penetrante/métodos , Doenças da Córnea/etiologia , Perfuração da Córnea/cirurgia , Substância Própria/patologia , Pseudofacia/complicaçõesRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in patients with painful pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). SETTING: University of São Paulo, São Paulo and Sadalla Amin Ghanem Eye Hospital, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: This prospective study included consecutive eyes with PBK that had CXL. After a 9.0 mm epithelial removal, riboflavin 0.1% with dextran 20% was applied for 30 minutes followed by ultraviolet-A irradiation (370 nm, 3 mW/cm(2)). Therapeutic contact lenses were placed for 1 week. Corneal transparency, central corneal thickness (CCT), and ocular pain were assessed preoperatively and 1 and 6 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was by paired t tests. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (14 eyes) with a mean age 71.14 years +/- 11.70 (SD) (range 53 to 89 years) were enrolled. Corneal transparency was better in all eyes 1 month after surgery. At 6 months, corneal transparency was similar to preoperative levels (P = .218). The mean CCT was 747 mum preoperatively and 623 mum at 1 month; the decrease was statistically significant (P<.001). At 6 months, the mean CCT increased to 710 mum, still significantly thinner than preoperatively (P = .006). Pain scores at 6 months were not significantly different than preoperatively (P = .066). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal CXL significantly improved corneal transparency, corneal thickness, and ocular pain 1 month postoperatively. However, it did not seem to have a long-lasting effect in decreasing pain and maintaining corneal transparency in patients with PBK.
Assuntos
Colágeno/metabolismo , Doenças da Córnea/tratamento farmacológico , Substância Própria/metabolismo , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Riboflavina/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças da Córnea/etiologia , Doenças da Córnea/metabolismo , Doenças da Córnea/fisiopatologia , Substância Própria/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Estudos Prospectivos , Pseudofacia/complicações , Raios Ultravioleta , Acuidade Visual/fisiologiaRESUMO
Apresentamos um caso de síndrome de bloqueio capsular precoce, tratado por reintervenção cirúrgica no segundo dia de pós-operatório. Comentamos as principais características da síndrome, os possíveis fatores predisponentes, as opções de tratamento e a importância do seu correto reconhecimento. Nós também especulamos sobre outro possível fator de risco, lentes intraoculares com parte óptica de 6mm ou maiores.
We present a case of early capsular block syndrome that was treated by re-operation on the second post operative day. We discuss the major characteristics of the syndrome, possible predisposing factors, therapeutic options and highlight the importance of its correct recognition. We also speculate about another possible risk factor, an intraocular lens with a optic part about 6mm or more.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Cristalino/cirurgia , Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Cápsula do Cristalino , Pseudofacia/complicaçõesRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal map in angiographic pseudophakic macular edema (ACME). METHODS: This is a prospective analysis of a group of 36 pseudophakic eyes at the fifth postoperative week, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map and fluorescein angiography on the same day and, a control group of twenty-two 20/20 vision eyes with a minimum 6-month postoperative period, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map only. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, any macular pathology and unreadable optical coherence tomography or angiogram. The angiograms were divided into three groups according to the edema intensity: Group I: level 0 (absence of angiographic pseudophakic macular edema); group II: levels 1 and 2 (incomplete and complete perifoveal angiographic pseudophakic macular edema respectively) and group III: levels 3 and 4 (up to one disc diameter and greater than one disc diameter angiographic pseudophakic macular edema area respectively). The nine zones of the optical coherence tomography macular map were compared between the control and the three subgroups of the study group and, between group I and groups II and III. RESULTS: Among the 36 eyes, 23 (64%) were classified as group I, 10 (28%) as group II and three (8%) as group III. The mean thickness of the fovea zone was 185+/-15 microm for the control group, 189+/-24 microm for group I, 213+/-33 microm for group II and 455+/-38 microm for group III. Significant differences: between group III and the control or group I for all zones (p<0.01) and, between group II and control or group I for the fovea and temporal inner zones (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The optical coherence tomography retinal map is useful in angiographic pseudophakic macular edema diagnosis.
Assuntos
Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Pseudofacia/complicações , Retina/patologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Edema Macular/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal map in angiographic pseudophakic macular edema (ACME). METHODS: This is a prospective analysis of a group of 36 pseudophakic eyes at the fifth postoperative week, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map and fluorescein angiography on the same day and, a control group of twenty-two 20/20 vision eyes with a minimum 6-month postoperative period, submitted to optical coherence tomography 2 macular map only. Exclusion criteria were diabetes, any macular pathology and unreadable optical coherence tomography or angiogram. The angiograms were divided into three groups according to the edema intensity: Group I: level 0 (absence of angiographic pseudophakic macular edema); group II: levels 1 and 2 (incomplete and complete perifoveal angiographic pseudophakic macular edema respectively) and group III: levels 3 and 4 (up to one disc diameter and greater than one disc diameter angiographic pseudophakic macular edema area respectively). The nine zones of the optical coherence tomography macular map were compared between the control and the three subgroups of the study group and, between group I and groups II and III. RESULTS: Among the 36 eyes, 23 (64 percent) were classified as group I, 10 (28 percent) as group II and three (8 percent) as group III. The mean thickness of the fovea zone was 185±15 µm for the control group, 189±24 µm for group I, 213±33 µm for group II and 455±38 µm for group III. Significant differences: between group III and the control or group I for all zones (p<0.01) and, between group II and control or group I for the fovea and temporal inner zones (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The optical coherence tomography retinal map is useful in angiographic pseudophakic macular edema diagnosis.
OBJETIVO: Medir a espessura retiniana pela tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) no edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico (ACME). MÉTODOS: Trabalho prospectivo composto de um grupo de estudo com 36 olhos pseudofácicos, entre a 4ª e a 6ª semana de pós-operatório, submetidos ao mapa macular com a tomografia de coerência óptica 2 e à angiofluoresceinografia no mesmo dia e, um grupo controle com 22 olhos pseudofácicos com visão igual a 20/20 e no mínimo 6 meses de pós-operatório, submetidos apenas ao mapa macular com o tomografia de coerência óptica 2. Os critérios de exclusão foram diabetes e maculopatias e exames de qualidade insuficiente para análise. Os angiogramas foram divididos em 3 grupos segundo a intensidade do edema: Grupo I: nível 0 (ausência de edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico); grupo II: níveis 1 e 2 (edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico perifoveal incompleto e completo) e grupo III: níveis 3 e 4 (edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico até um e maior que um diâmetro papilar de área). As nove zonas do mapa macular da tomografia de coerência óptica foram comparadas entre o controle os três subgrupos do grupo de estudo e, entre o grupo I e os grupos II e III. RESULTADOS: Dos 36 olhos do grupo de estudo, 23 (64 por cento) foram classificados como grupo I, 10 (28 por cento) como grupo II e 3 (8 por cento) como grupo III. A espessura para a zona fóvea foi de 185±15 µm no grupo controle, de 189±24 µm no grupo I, de 213±33 µm no grupo II e de 455± 38 µm no grupo III. Diferenças significativas para esta região foram observadas entre o grupo controle ou grupo I e o grupo III para todas as zonas (p<0,01) e, entre o grupo I e o grupo II para a zona fóvea e a temporal interna (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O programa de mapa macular da tomografia de coerência óptica 2 é útil para o diagnóstico de edema macular angiográfico do pseudofácico.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Edema Macular , Pseudofacia/complicações , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Edema Macular/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Retina , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of prostaglandin analogues on the blood-aqueous barrier and to evaluate the occurrence of cystoid macular edema in aphakic or pseudophakic patients with glaucoma. METHODS: In this randomized, masked-observer, 6-month clinical trial, patients with primary open-angle, pseudophakic, or aphakic glaucoma were treated once daily with bimatoprost (n = 16), latanoprost (n = 15), or travoprost (n = 17) or twice daily with unoprostone (n = 16) or lubricant drops (control group) (n = 16). Blood-aqueous barrier status, which was assessed using a laser flare meter; intraocular pressure; the occurrence of angiographic cystoid macular edema; and conjunctival hyperemia were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean flare values were significantly higher in the bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost groups throughout follow-up (P < .02). Four latanoprost-treated eyes, 1 bimatoprost-treated eye, and 1 travoprost-treated eye developed cystoid macular edema; all cases resolved after discontinuation of the prostaglandin analogue and treatment with topical diclofenac sodium. Mean intraocular pressure reductions after 6 months were higher for the latanoprost (26%), bimatoprost (28%), and travoprost (29%) groups than for the control (3%) and unoprostone (14%) groups (P< .05). Bimatoprost induced significantly higher hyperemia scores than latanoprost, unoprostone, and placebo (P< .01). CONCLUSION: Bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost use may lead to disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in patients with pseudophakia and aphakia.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Afacia Pós-Catarata/tratamento farmacológico , Barreira Hematoaquosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloprostenol/análogos & derivados , Dinoprosta/análogos & derivados , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/tratamento farmacológico , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/uso terapêutico , Pseudofacia/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Amidas , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Afacia Pós-Catarata/complicações , Bimatoprost , Cloprostenol/efeitos adversos , Cloprostenol/uso terapêutico , Dinoprosta/efeitos adversos , Dinoprosta/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Angiofluoresceinografia , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/complicações , Humanos , Latanoprosta , Lipídeos/efeitos adversos , Lipídeos/uso terapêutico , Edema Macular/induzido quimicamente , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Prostaglandinas F Sintéticas/efeitos adversos , Pseudofacia/complicações , Segurança , TravoprostRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate predictability, safety, stability, and complications related to bioptics in patients that received phakic and those that received pseudophakic intraocular lenses. Both groups had LASIK with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser following IOL implantation. METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively 281 eyes of 196 patients with posterior chamber phakic implantation (ICL) and 64 pseudophakic eyes of 55 patients. All patients had LASIK 1 month or more after the first surgery. We used a treatment zone of 5.5 mm with a 7.00-mm transition zone. The flap was made with the Automated Corneal Shaper (ACS). RESULTS: In the group of phakic ICL eyes with bioptics, preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was -5.50 D (range, -1.37 to -16.00 D). The first day after LASIK, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.06 D, and at 1 month, -0.40 D. In pseudophakic bioptics eyes, preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was -2.61 D (range, +0.50 to -5.50 D). The first day after LASIK it was +0.27 D, and 1 month after LASIK it was +0.09 D. The incidence of complications was similar in both groups of patients. The most frequent complication was keratitis sicca (approximately 10% in each group). Interstitial edema (2.1%) was present only in phakic bioptics eyes. No retinal complications were observed. Refraction was stable 4 years after surgery. Target achieved refraction was +/- 0.50 D, showing the predictability of the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Predictability and safety were demonstrated according to results and absence of severe complications related with this technique. Older patients did not develop more complications than younger people; dry eye incidence was similar in both groups. In extreme myopia patients did not present retinal complications related to surgical procedures.