RESUMO
One slightly beige-white pigmented, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain I-STPP5bT, was isolated from the trachea of a Gentoo penguin chick individual (Pygoscelin papua) investigated in Fildes Bay, Chilean Antarctic (62° 12' S, 58° 57' W). I-STPP5bT consists of a 3.4 Mb chromosome with a DNA G+C content of 44.4 mol%. Of the 3056 predicted genes, 1206 were annotated as hypothetical proteins and 51 were tRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to the type strains of Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus (98.8â%), Psychrobacter arenosus and Psychrobacter pasteurii (both 98.3â%), Psychrobacter piechaudii (98.2â%) and Psychrobacter sanguinis (98.1â%), but 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other Psychrobacter species were ≤98.0â%. Partial gyrB nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities among strain STPP5bT and the next related type strains were all below 81.8 and 92.9%, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridisation (DDH) with P. phenylpyruvicus LMG 5372T, P. arenosus DSM 15389T and P. sanguinis DSM 23635T also showed low values (all below 30â%). The main cellular fatty acids of the strain were C18â:â1ω9c and C16â:â1ω7c and/or C16â:â1ω6c. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phenotypic analyses we propose a new species of the genus Psychrobacter, with the name Psychrobacter pygoscelis sp. nov. and strain I-STPP5bT (=CIP 111410T= CCM 8799T=LMG 30301T) as type strain.
Assuntos
Filogenia , Psychrobacter/classificação , Spheniscidae/microbiologia , Traqueia/microbiologia , Animais , Regiões Antárticas , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , Chile , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Psychrobacter/isolamento & purificação , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The genus Psychrobacter contains environmental, psychrophilic and halotolerant gram-negative bacteria considered rare opportunistic pathogens in humans. Metagenomics was performed on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a pediatric patient with meningitis. Nucleic acids were extracted, randomly amplified, and sequenced with the 454 GS FLX Titanium next-generation sequencing (NGS) system. Sequencing reads were assembled, and potential virulence genes were predicted. Phylogenomic and phylogenetic studies were performed. Psychrobacter sp. 310 was identified, and several virulence genes characteristic of pathogenic bacteria were found. The phylogenomic study and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis showed that the closest relative of Psychrobacter sp. 310 was Psychrobacter sanguinis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a meningitis case associated with Psychrobacter sp. identified by NGS metagenomics in CSF from a pediatric patient. The metagenomic strategy based on NGS was a powerful tool to identify a rare unknown pathogen in a clinical case.
Assuntos
Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/microbiologia , Meningite/microbiologia , Metagenômica , Infecções por Moraxellaceae/microbiologia , Psychrobacter/genética , Adolescente , Sequência de Bases , Evolução Fatal , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Meningite/líquido cefalorraquidiano , México , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Moraxellaceae/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Filogenia , Psychrobacter/classificação , Psychrobacter/isolamento & purificação , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Bacterial diversity in sub-Antarctic seawater, collected off Ushuaia, Argentina, was examined using a culture independent approach. The composition of the 16S rRNA gene libraries from seawater and seawater contaminated with the water soluble fraction of crude oil was statistically different (P value 0.001). In both libraries, clones representing the Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroidetes group and unculturable bacteria were dominant. Clones associated with the genera Roseobacter, Sulfitobacter, Staleya, Glaciecola, Colwellia, Marinomonas, Cytophaga and Cellulophaga were common to both the libraries. However, clones associated with Psychrobacter, Arcobacter, Formosa algae, Polaribacter, Ulvibacter and Tenacibaculum were found only in seawater contaminated with hydrocarbons (Table 1). Further, the percentage of clones of Roseobacter, Sulfitobacter and Glaceicola was high in seawater (43%, 90% and 12% respectively) compared to seawater contaminated with hydrocarbons (35%, 4% and 9% respectively). One of the clones F2C63 showed 100% similarity with Marinomonas ushuaiensis a bacterium identified by us from the same site.