RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cytokeratin19 positive (CK19+) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is thought to derive from liver progenitor cells (LPC). However, whether peritumoralductular reaction (DR) differs between CK19+ and CK19 negative (CK19-) HCC patients remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty HBV-related HCC patients were enrolled in this study. Clinicopathological variables were collected, and immunohistochemistry staining for CK19, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and ß-catenin were performed in tumor and peritumor liver tissues. RESULTS: CK19+ HCC patients had higher grade of peritumoral DR and proportion of proliferative DR than the CK19- group. The mean number or the proportion of cytoplasmic ß-catenin+ DR was higher in the CK19+ group than in the CK19- group. Furthermore, there were more patients with nuclear ß-catenin+ peritumoral DR in the CK19+ group as compared to the CK19- group. CONCLUSION: Peritumoral DR was more abundant and proliferative in CK19+ HCC patients, with higher level of nuclear translocation of ß-catenin. However, it is unclear whether peritumoral DR is the cause or result of poor prognosis in these patients.
Assuntos
Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/química , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/química , Queratina-19/análise , Neoplasias Hepáticas/química , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular , Adulto , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/patologia , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/cirurgia , Biópsia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Hepatectomia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Interleucina-6/análise , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Regulação para Cima , beta Catenina/análiseRESUMO
UNLABELLED: There are several age-related microscopic changes in the salivary glands, including the increase in the number of duct-like structures (DLS). However, the true origin and the phenotype of the DLS are not known. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the phenotype and the cell proliferation index of the DLS of human sublingual glands. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty sublingual glands obtained from human cadavers were divided into two groups - 0-30 and 61-90 years old. The phenotype was estimated by immunostaining for cytokeratin 19 (CK 19) and the S-100 protein as well as by the presence of mucin and glycogen. The cell proliferation index was determined by the Ki-67 antibody. The histochemical techniques used periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Alcian Blue. In each captured microscopic field, the DLS were counted to establish a percentage for the staining profile. The statistical analysis was accomplished using Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney test and Pearson's correlation coefficient (p<0.05). RESULTS: Comparing both groups, only CK 19 showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.033), with the strongest expression in the elderly group. There was no significant difference between PAS and Alcian Blue (p=0.270). In both groups, the immunostaining for CK 19 was stronger than that for S-100 (p=0.004;p<0.001), but there was no correlation between the two immunomarkers (ρ=-0.163; p=0.315). There was no immunostaining for Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS: DLS demonstrate a ductal phenotypic profile and do not present cell proliferation activity. DLS may represent a regressive process arising from acini or represent the result of metaplasia.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Fenótipo , Ductos Salivares/citologia , Glândula Sublingual/citologia , Células Acinares/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores/análise , Cadáver , Contagem de Células , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Queratina-19/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Proteínas S100/análise , Coloração e Rotulagem , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To distinguish between malignant and benign lesions of the thyroid gland histological demonstration is often required since the fine-needle aspiration biopsy method applied pre-operatively has some limitations. In an attempt to improve diagnostic accuracy, markers using immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry techniques have been studied, mainly cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Hector Battifora mesothelial-1 (HBME-1). However, current results remain controversial. The aim of the present article was to establish the diagnostic accuracy of CK-19, Gal-3 and HBME-1 markers, as well as their associations, in the differentiation of malignant and benign thyroid lesions. METHODS: A systematic review of published articles on MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library was performed. After establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 66 articles were selected. The technique of meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy was employed and global values of sensitivity, specificity, area under the summary ROC curve, and diagnostic odds ratio (dOR) were calculated. RESULTS: For the immunohistochemistry technique, the positivity of CK-19 for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid lesions demonstrated global sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 73%; for Gal-3, sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 81%; and for HBME-1, sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 83%. The association of the three markers determined sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 97%, and diagnostic odds ratio of 95.1. Similar results were also found for the immunocytochemistry assay. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the three immunomarkers studied are accurate in pre- and postoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Nevertheless, the search for other molecular markers must continue in order to enhance this diagnostic accuracy since the results found still show a persistency of false-negative and false-positive tests. VIRTUAL SLIDES: Http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/3436263067345159.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Galectina 3/análise , Queratina-19/análise , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Glândula Tireoide/química , Área Sob a Curva , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Razão de Chances , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/química , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 6, 16, 19 and pan-cytokeratin (PAN) in oral mucosa cells between smokers and nonsmokers to determine the proliferative activity and expression indicative of a potential for malignant transformation. STUDY DESIGN: Smears were obtained from the left lateral border of the tongue with a cytobrush from 25 smokers and 20 nonsmokers seen at the clinics of São José dos Campos Dental School, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, and processed for immunohistochemistry. Conventional microscopy was used for qualitative analysis. Proportions were compared statistically by the z-test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The expression of CK6 (p = 0.002), CK16 (p = 0.003), CK19 (p = 0.0001) and PAN (p = 0.008) was higher in oral mucosa smears from smokers compared to nonsmokers. CONCLUSION: The expression of CK6 and CK16 demonstrated increased epithelial proliferation in the oral mucosa of smokers, and expression of CK19 indicated alterations in epithelial maturation. The expression of PAN indicates the need for the investigation of other types of CK in further studies.
Assuntos
Queratina-16/metabolismo , Queratina-19/metabolismo , Queratina-6/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Fumar/metabolismo , Adulto , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Queratina-16/análise , Queratina-19/análise , Queratina-6/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Fumar/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the first lymph node to receive the lymphatic drainage of a primary tumour; based on the knowledge that CK19 is positive in more than 95% of breast carcinomas, a molecular method for intraoperative diagnosis of SLN metastases (the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay) was developed. AIMS: To evaluate CK19 immunoreactivity in a series of special histological types of breast carcinoma in order to verify whether the OSNA assay can be used in all breast cancer cases independently of the histological type. METHODS: 116 samples of invasive breast carcinomas of special type were investigated for CK19 immunoreactivity in tissue microarrays (TMA); negative cases were evaluated in the entire tissue tumour tissue. RESULTS: Of the 116 cases, 88.9% were positive CK19. Micropapillary and apocrine carcinomas were all positive for CK19 in TMAs. The tubular (93%), mucinous (86%), medullary typical and atypical (84%), mixed carcinomas (83%) increased the rate of positivity for this marker to 100% after repeating the immunostain in whole tissue of negative TMA cases, because the expression of those cases was focal. CONCLUSION: Most breast cancer cases were positive for CK19, independent of the histological type; therefore the OSNA assay can be used in all breast cancer cases with a potential low rate of false negative for CK19 detection of micrometastasis. There is an important variation between the positivity assessed on TMAs and the entire tissue; these findings can be clinically relevant because in some cases CK19 is evaluated on core-needle biopsy prior to surgery.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma/patologia , Queratina-19/análise , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Invasividade Neoplásica , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Análise Serial de TecidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To investigate the utility of nuclear chromatin texture assessment in the differential diagnosis of follicular patterned lesions, by means of examining 76 samples previously submitted to the immunohistochemical protein analysis of HBME-1, CK-19 and galectina-3. RESULTS: HBME-1 confirmed to be the most sensitive marker of malignancy. A series of morphometric, densitometric and texture variables were useful in the discrimination of the different types of follicular lesions. Among these variables, r(2), a parameter related to the granularity of the nucleus presented the best accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values, distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. CONCLUSION: The morphometric analysis of nuclear chromatin images may add accuracy to the differential diagnosis of follicular patterned lesions.
Assuntos
Adenoma/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma Papilar, Variante Folicular/patologia , Núcleo Celular/patologia , Cromatina/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adenoma/ultraestrutura , Carcinoma Papilar, Variante Folicular/ultraestrutura , Cromatina/ultraestrutura , Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Galectina 3/análise , Humanos , Queratina-19/análise , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Software , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/ultraestruturaRESUMO
This case report describes a 10-year-old female patient with an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor developing together with a cystic complex odontoma. This occurrence is considered very unusual. Immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratins AE1/AE3, CK5, CK8, CK10, CK14, CK19 and Ki-67 was performed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Mandibulares/patologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/patologia , Odontoma/patologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Queratina-1/análise , Queratina-10/análise , Queratina-14/análise , Queratina-19/análise , Queratina-3/análise , Queratina-5/análise , Queratina-8/análise , Antígeno Ki-67/análiseRESUMO
PURPOSE: Regional odontodysplasia (RO) is a rare developmental odontogenic defect. The affected teeth are described as "ghost teeth," due to malformation of dentin, enamel, and cementum. The purpose of this study was to describe the ultrastructural characteristics of the affected teeth as well as the immunohistochemical features of the soft tissue associated with 2 cases of regional odontodysplasia. METHODS: Two cases diagnosed as RO were included on the study. After diagnosis, affected teeth and associated soft tissue were surgically removed from both patients and processed for light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. For light microscopy, the specimens were decalcified in 5% nitric acid for 10 to 16 days and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For SEM studies, specimens were cleaned with diamond paste and, after polishing, treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 5 minutes and covered by a thin layer of metallic gold. Soft tissues covering and surrounding the extracted teeth were routinely processed, and submitted to immunohistochemical reactions against pan-cytokeratins, cytokeratin 19, vimentin, laminin and collagen IV. RESULTS: Both enamel and dentin showed gross alterations, including hypomineralization and discoloration, being more prominent on the coronal structures than the radicular structures. Ultrastructural features included alterations on the prismatic enamel surface, dentinal grooves, interglobular dentin, and hypoplastic and hypocalcified dental hard tissues. The soft gingival and alveolar tissue surrounding and covering the affected teeth showed calcifications and odontogenic remnants, positive for cytokeratin 19, laminin, and collagen IV. CONCLUSIONS: Enamel and dentin are grossly altered in regional odontodysplasia, while cementum is less affected, and soft-tissue calcifications are associated with odontogenic cytokeratin-positive epithelial remnants, in addition to mesenchymal components.
Assuntos
Odontodisplasia/patologia , Dente/patologia , Adulto , Calcinose/patologia , Criança , Colágeno Tipo IV/análise , Corantes , Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Cemento Dentário/patologia , Cemento Dentário/ultraestrutura , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Esmalte Dentário/ultraestrutura , Dentina/patologia , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Corantes Fluorescentes , Gengiva/patologia , Gengiva/ultraestrutura , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Queratina-19/análise , Queratinas/análise , Laminina/análise , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestrutura , Dente/ultraestrutura , Descoloração de Dente/patologia , Vimentina/análiseRESUMO
Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare malignancy, affecting mainly the periocular glands. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first English-language report of parotid SC affecting children; two cases are presented. Immunohistochemical studies included 29 different antibodies (15 of these were cytokeratins, CKs). For each case, DNA ploidy status was determined using isolated nuclei stained with Feulgen and analysed using a DNA image cytometry system. Most of the tumour cells were positive for CKs AE1/AE3, 34B12, 5 and 7. The CK14 pattern depicted the monolayer of basal cells surrounding the islands of malignant tissue, while the more central sebaceous differentiated cells were negative. Epithelial membrane antigen was strongly positive in the well differentiated cells, while most of the basaloid peripheral cells were negative, and only a few cells were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen. beta catenin, E cadherin and C-erb B2 were expressed by most of the cells including the more differentiated sebaceous cells. Tumour cells were negative for muscle or myoepithelial markers, androgen, oestrogen and progesterone receptors. Both SCs were uniformly diploid, and showed low proliferative indices for p53, Ki-67 and Mcm-2, which is consistent with the good clinical course presented by these patients so far.