RESUMO
Endophytes are considered one of the most important microbial resources for obtaining biomolecules of therapeutic use. Passiflora incarnata, widely employed by the pharmaceutical industry, shows therapeutic effects on anxiety, nervousness, constipation, dyspepsia and insomnia based on their antioxidant compounds. In this study, from 315 endophytic fungi isolated from P. incarnata leaves, 60 were selected to determinate presence of chemical constituents related with antioxidant activity, based on their production of soluble pigments. The promising fungi were evaluated specifically on their potential to produce phenolic compounds, flavonoids and for antioxidant activity. Five isolates significantly produced flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate and n-Butanol extracts, also saponins and high antioxidant activity against the DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical. A strain of Aspergillus nidulans var. dentatus (former Emericella dentata) was able to produce tannins as well; its butanolic extract was very similar than the BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) (94.3% × 94.32%) and Rutin (95.8%) reference substances in the DPPH radical scavenging. Similarly, a Chaetomium strain exhibited 93.6% and 94.7% of antioxidant activity in their ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions, respectively. The chromatographic analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction from the Aspergillus strain revealed the production of orcinol (3.19%). Four-methoxymethylphenol (4.79%), sorbicillin (33.59%) and ergosterol (23.08%) was produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum and isopropenyl-1,4-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydroazulene were found in two Fusarium oxysporum strains. The phytochemical screening showed that all analyzed fungi were able to produce a kind of secondary metabolite (phenols, flavonoids, tannins and/or saponins). The study shows a great underexplored potential for industrial application of P. incarnata endophytes.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Flavonoides/análise , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Fungos/metabolismo , Passiflora/microbiologia , Fenóis/análise , Compostos de Bifenilo/análise , Endófitos/classificação , Endófitos/isolamento & purificação , Endófitos/metabolismo , Radicais Livres/análise , Fungos/classificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , TaninosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of garlic on formation of postoperative adhesions in rats. METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague dawley rats were divided into three groups. In Group 1 (sham), laparotomy was performed and stitched up. In Group 2 (control), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and 2 cc of saline was intraperitoneally administered to each rat. In Group 3 (experimental), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and each rat was intraperitoneally administered a sterile Allium sativum derivative. The rats in all groups were re-laparotomized on postoperative day 7; samples were obtained from the peritoneal tissue surrounding the cecum. RESULTS: In Group 3, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of inflammation, lymph node size, and free oxygen radicals; these parameters tended to increase. In terms of fibrosis evaluated using H&E and MT, there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: No positive outcomes indicating that Allium sativum reduces intra-abdominal adhesions were obtained. However, it caused severe inflammation in the tissue. Additionally, in immunohistochemical analyses conducted to detect oxidative stress, allium sativum increased the production of free oxygen radicals in the tissue.
Assuntos
Alho/química , Doenças Peritoneais/prevenção & controle , Animais , Fibrose , Radicais Livres/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Laparotomia , Linfonodos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfonodos/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Peritoneais/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Aderências Teciduais/patologia , Aderências Teciduais/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of garlic on formation of postoperative adhesions in rats. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague dawley rats were divided into three groups. In Group 1 (sham), laparotomy was performed and stitched up. In Group 2 (control), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and 2 cc of saline was intraperitoneally administered to each rat. In Group 3 (experimental), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and each rat was intraperitoneally administered a sterile Allium sativum derivative. The rats in all groups were re-laparotomized on postoperative day 7; samples were obtained from the peritoneal tissue surrounding the cecum Results: In Group 3, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of inflammation, lymph node size, and free oxygen radicals; these parameters tended to increase. In terms of fibrosis evaluated using H&E and MT, there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. Conclusions: No positive outcomes indicating that Allium sativum reduces intra-abdominal adhesions were obtained. However, it caused severe inflammation in the tissue. Additionally, in immunohistochemical analyses conducted to detect oxidative stress, allium sativum increased the production of free oxygen radicals in the tissue.
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Peritoneais/prevenção & controle , Alho/química , Doenças Peritoneais/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Fibrose , Imuno-Histoquímica , Aderências Teciduais/patologia , Aderências Teciduais/prevenção & controle , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Radicais Livres/análise , Laparotomia , Linfonodos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfonodos/patologiaRESUMO
Multivariate data analysis feasibility for the evaluation of Brazilian stingless bee honey (SBH) by pollen spectrum, bioactive compounds content, physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial analysis was investigated. Levels of total and individual phenolics content were analyzed by HPLC-PDA. The antioxidant capacity was performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The total phenolic compounds from the thirty-two SBH was positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity. Bioactive compounds such as p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and hesperetin were identified in all the samples. Brazilian SBH shows more effective antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. Typhimurium) compared to Gram-positive ones. Results also revealed that SBH could reach up to 45% higher antioxidant and biological activities than the traditional Apis mellifera honey. Chemometrics shows that chemical and biological properties of SBH have a strong relationship with the pollen botanical origin. Principal component analysis (PCA) grouped the honey into three categories with predominant pollen from Verbenaceae, Asteraceae and Sapindaceae families, confirming that SBH belonging to the same floral origin present similar characteristics.
Assuntos
Abelhas/classificação , Mel/análise , Pólen/química , Animais , Antibacterianos/análise , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Abelhas/metabolismo , Compostos de Bifenilo/análise , Brasil , Fenômenos Químicos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Radicais Livres/análise , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/metabolismo , Indicadores e Reagentes/análise , Análise Multivariada , Fenóis/análise , Picratos/análise , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Free radicals and carbonyls produced by electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have the potential to inflict oxidative stress. Recently, Juul e-cigs have risen drastically in popularity; however, there is no data on nicotine and oxidant yields from this new e-cig design. METHODS: Aerosol generated from four different Juul flavors was analyzed for carbonyls, nicotine, and free radicals. The e-liquids were analyzed for propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (GLY) concentrations. To determine the effects of e-liquid on oxidant production, Juul pods were refilled with nicotine-free 30:70 or 60:40 PG:GLY with or without citral. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in nicotine (164 ± 41 µg/puff), free radical (5.85 ± 1.20 pmol/puff), formaldehyde (0.20 ± 0.10 µg/puff), and acetone (0.20 ± 0.05 µg/puff) levels between flavors. The PG:GLY ratio in e-liquids was ~30:70 across all flavors with GLY being slightly higher in tobacco and mint flavors. In general, when Juul e-liquids were replaced with nicotine-free 60:40 PG:GLY, oxidant production increased up to 190% and, with addition of citral, increased even further. CONCLUSIONS: Juul devices produce free radicals and carbonyls, albeit, at levels substantially lower than those observed in other e-cig products, an effect only partially because of a low PG:GLY ratio. Nicotine delivery by these devices was as high as or higher than the levels previously reported from cigarettes. IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that oxidative stress and/or damage resulting from Juul use may be lower than that from cigarettes or other e-cig devices; however, the high nicotine levels are suggestive of a greater addiction potential.
Assuntos
Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Radicais Livres/análise , Nicotina/análise , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Aromatizantes/administração & dosagem , Aromatizantes/análise , Radicais Livres/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Nicotina/administração & dosagem , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Propilenoglicol/administração & dosagem , Propilenoglicol/análiseRESUMO
This study was aimed to analyze the effects of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on the health of post weaning piglets challenged with diets contaminated with aflatoxins and fumonisins. Fifty-six male piglets (7.15 ± 0.61 kg) were allocated in four groups: CTL group received a regular diet; SDPP group received a regular diet and 6% SDPP; MYC group received a diet containing 300 µg/kg aflatoxins and 8,000 µg/kg fumonisins; group MYC+SDPP received 300 µg/kg aflatoxins, 8,000 µg/kg fumonisins and 6% SDPP. The animals that received the experimental diet containing mycotoxins (MYC group) had lower weight gain at the end of the experiment compared to the other treatments. Animals receiving SDPP showed decreased urea levels throughout the experiment (P<0.05). Animals from MYC group presented an increased on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels and decreased catalase activity (P<0.05). In contrast, SDPP prevented the increase of ROS and TBARS and stimulated superoxide dismutase activity (P<0.05). In conclusion, diet contaminated with mycotoxins (group MYC) caused subclinical intoxication in the piglets, as observed by the increase on free radical's production and lipid peroxidation. Conversely, SDPP presented a protective effect, minimizing the effects of oxidative stress caused by aflatoxins and fumonisins ingestion.
Assuntos
Aflatoxinas/toxicidade , Ração Animal , Proteínas Sanguíneas/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Fumonisinas/toxicidade , Plasma , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Contaminação de Alimentos , Radicais Livres/análise , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Grape seeds are a relatively abundant source of oil and bioactive compounds. To use this byproduct, the current work aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of grape-seed oil to obtain greater process yield and minimize free radical formation in the oil. RESULTS: The optimal condition was 15 °C with an ultrasonic wave amplitude of 42 µm, leading to a process yield of 82.9% and content of free radicals of 14.7 × 1017 kg-1 and 3.4 × 1018 kg-1 for samples stored for 7 and 30 days, respectively. No significant differences in fatty acid composition and acidity and iodine values were observed between samples. The oil obtained by ultrasound had greater phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity by ferric reduction than the control sample (without ultrasound application). However, higher content of free radicals and peroxide value was observed. CONCLUSION: Sonication improved extraction yield when compared to the process without ultrasound application. Moreover, UAE favored the extraction of phenolic compounds. As it enhanced process yield with the minimum formation of free radicals, UAE is a promising oil-extraction technology. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Radicais Livres/análise , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Óleos de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Ultrassom/métodos , Vitis/química , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Óleos de Plantas/análise , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of pycnogenol on peritoneal adhesions and additionally to investigate the immunohistochemical effects of free oxygen radicals and reactive lymph nodes detected in the adhesive tissue that was sampled surrounding the cecum on intra-abdominal adhesions. METHODS: Twenty-seven Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups. In group 1 (sham), laparotomy was performed and stitched up. In group 2 (control), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and each rat was intraperitoneally administered 2 cc of saline. In group 3 (experimental), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and each rat was intraperitoneally administered a sterile Pycnogenol derivative. The rats in all groups were re-laparotomized on postoperative day 7; samples were obtained from the peritoneal tissue surrounding the cecum, and the rats were sacrificed. RESULTS: In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of inflammation, lymph node size, and free oxygen radicals; these parameters tended to increase. In terms of fibrosis evaluated using H&E and MT, there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: No positive outcomes indicating that pycnogenol reduces intra-abdominal adhesions were obtained. However, it caused severe inflammation in the tissue. Moreover, a significant increase in lymph node size was detected secondary to inflammation. Additionally, in immunohistochemical analyses conducted to detect oxidative stress, pycnogenol increased the production of free oxygen radicals in the tissue.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Linfonodos/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Peritoneais/prevenção & controle , Peritônio/cirurgia , Aderências Teciduais/prevenção & controle , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Flavonoides/efeitos adversos , Radicais Livres/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/patologia , Laparotomia , Linfonodos/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Peritoneais/etiologia , Peritônio/patologia , Extratos Vegetais , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Aderências Teciduais/etiologia , Aderências Teciduais/patologiaRESUMO
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of pycnogenol on peritoneal adhesions and additionally to investigate the immunohistochemical effects of free oxygen radicals and reactive lymph nodes detected in the adhesive tissue that was sampled surrounding the cecum on intra-abdominal adhesions. Methods: Twenty-seven Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups. In group 1 (sham), laparotomy was performed and stitched up. In group 2 (control), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and each rat was intraperitoneally administered 2 cc of saline. In group 3 (experimental), after laparotomy was performed, punctate hemorrhage was induced by cecal abrasion in the cecum and each rat was intraperitoneally administered a sterile Pycnogenol derivative. The rats in all groups were re-laparotomized on postoperative day 7; samples were obtained from the peritoneal tissue surrounding the cecum, and the rats were sacrificed. Results: In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of inflammation, lymph node size, and free oxygen radicals; these parameters tended to increase. In terms of fibrosis evaluated using H&E and MT, there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3. Conclusions: No positive outcomes indicating that pycnogenol reduces intra-abdominal adhesions were obtained. However, it caused severe inflammation in the tissue. Moreover, a significant increase in lymph node size was detected secondary to inflammation. Additionally, in immunohistochemical analyses conducted to detect oxidative stress, pycnogenol increased the production of free oxygen radicals in the tissue.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Doenças Peritoneais/prevenção & controle , Peritônio/cirurgia , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Aderências Teciduais/prevenção & controle , Doenças Peritoneais/etiologia , Peritônio/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Flavonoides/efeitos adversos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Extratos Vegetais , Aderências Teciduais/etiologia , Aderências Teciduais/patologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Radicais Livres/análise , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/patologia , Laparotomia , Linfonodos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfonodos/patologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Geopropolis is a resin mixed with mud, produced only by stingless bees. Despite being popularly known for its medicinal properties, few scientific studies have proven its biological activities. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities of the Melipona orbignyi geopropolis. The hydroalcoholic extract of geopropolis (HEGP) was prepared and its chemical composition determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS). The antioxidant activity was determined by the capture of free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the inhibition of the hyaluronidase enzyme and the antimutagenic action was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies. The antimicrobial activities were determined against bacteria and yeasts, isolated from reference strains and hospital origin. The chemical composition of HEGP included flavonoids, derivatives of glycosylated phenolic acids and terpenoids. HEGP showed high antioxidant activity, it inhibited the activity of the inflammatory enzyme hyaluronidase and reduced the mutagenic effects in S. cerevisiae. In relation to the antimicrobial activity, it promoted the death of all microorganisms evaluated. In conclusion, this study reveals for the first time the chemical composition of the HEGP of M. orbignyi and demonstrates its pharmacological properties.