RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Rewarming is a recommended therapy during the resuscitation of hypothermic patients with hemorrhagic shock. In experimental models, however, it increases inflammatory response and mortality. Although microcirculation is potential target of inflammation, the microvascular effects of rewarming during the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock have not been studied. Our goal was to assess the systemic and microcirculatory effects of an increase in core temperature (T°) during the retransfusion of hemorrhagic shock in sheep. Our hypothesis was that rewarming could hamper microcirculation. METHODS: In anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep, we measured systemic, intestinal, and renal hemodynamics and oxygen transport. O2 consumption (VO2) and respiratory quotient were measured by indirect calorimetry. Cortical renal, intestinal villi and sublingual microcirculation were assessed by IDF-videomicroscopy. After basal measurements, hemorrhagic shock was induced and T° was reduced to ~33 °C. After 1 h of shock and hypothermia, blood was retransfused and Ringer lactate solution was administered to prevent arterial hypotension. In the control group (n = 12), T° was not modified, while in the intervention (rewarming) group, it was elevated ~3 °C. Measurements were repeated after 1 h. RESULTS: During shock, both groups showed similar systemic and microvascular derangements. After retransfusion, VO2 remained decreased compared to baseline in both groups, but was lower in the control compared to the rewarming group. Perfused vascular density has a similar behavior in both groups. Compared to baseline, it remained reduced in peritubular (control vs. rewarming group, 13.8 [8.7-17.5] vs. 15.7 [10.1-17.9] mm/mm2, PNS) and villi capillaries (14.7 [13.6-16.8] vs. 16.3 [14.2-16.9] mm/mm2, PNS), and normalized in sublingual mucosa (19.1 [16.0-20.3] vs. 16.6 [14.7-17.2] mm/mm2, PNS). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first experimental study assessing the effect of rewarming on systemic, regional, and microcirculatory perfusion in hypothermic hemorrhagic shock. We found that a 3 °C increase in T° neither improved nor impaired the microvascular alterations that persisted after retransfusion. In addition, sublingual mucosa was less susceptible to reperfusion injury than villi and renal microcirculation.
Assuntos
Choque Hemorrágico , Animais , Ovinos , Microcirculação , Reaquecimento , Intestinos , Mucosa Intestinal , HemodinâmicaRESUMO
Aims To evaluate the effect of postoperative forced-air warming (FAW) on the incidence of excessive bleeding (Ex B), arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and blood product transfusion in hypothermic patients following on pump CABG and compare temperatures associated with the use of FAW and warming with a sheet and wool blanket. Methods and results A randomized clinical trial conducted with 200 patients undergoing isolated on-pump CABG from January to November 2018. Patients were randomly assigned into an Intervention Group (IG, FAW, n = 100) and Control Group (CG, sheet and blanket, n = 100). The tympanic temperature of all patients was measured over a 24-h period. Ex B was the primary outcome, while arrhythmia, AMI, and blood product transfusion were secondary outcomes. The effect of the interventions on the outcomes was investigated through using bivariate logistic regression, with a level of significance of 5%. The IG was 79% less likely to experience bleeding than the CG [odds ratio (OR) = 0.21, confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.120.39, P < 0.001]; the occurrence of AMI in the IG was 94% lower than that experienced by the CG (OR = 0.06, CI 95% 0.010.48, P < 0.001); and the IG was also 77% less likely to experience arrhythmia than the CG (OR = 0.23, CI 95% 0.120.47, P < 0.001); no difference was found between groups in terms of blood product transfusion (P < 0.279). Conclusions These findings show that FAW can be used following CABG until patients reach normothermia to avoid undesirable clinical outcomes
Assuntos
Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Reaquecimento , Ensaio Clínico , HipotermiaRESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate the effect of postoperative forced-air warming (FAW) on the incidence of excessive bleeding (ExB), arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and blood product transfusion in hypothermic patients following on-pump CABG and compare temperatures associated with the use of FAW and warming with a sheet and wool blanket. METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomized clinical trial conducted with 200 patients undergoing isolated on-pump CABG from January to November 2018. Patients were randomly assigned into an Intervention Group (IG, FAW, n = 100) and Control Group (CG, sheet and blanket, n = 100). The tympanic temperature of all patients was measured over a 24-h period. ExB was the primary outcome, while arrhythmia, AMI, and blood product transfusion were secondary outcomes. The effect of the interventions on the outcomes was investigated through using bivariate logistic regression, with a level of significance of 5%. The IG was 79% less likely to experience bleeding than the CG [odds ratio (OR) = 0.21, confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.12-0.39, P < 0.001]; the occurrence of AMI in the IG was 94% lower than that experienced by the CG (OR = 0.06, CI 95% 0.01-0.48, P < 0.001); and the IG was also 77% less likely to experience arrhythmia than the CG (OR = 0.23, CI 95% 0.12-0.47, P < 0.001); no difference was found between groups in terms of blood product transfusion (P < 0.279). CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that FAW can be used following CABG until patients reach normothermia to avoid undesirable clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: REBeC RBR-5t582g.
Assuntos
Hipotermia , Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho/efeitos adversos , Temperatura Corporal , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Hipotermia/etiologia , Hipotermia/prevenção & controle , Reaquecimento/efeitos adversos , Reaquecimento/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication from general anesthesia that impacts on postoperative recovery. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prophylactic rewarming following general anesthesia, so as to decrease the incidence of PONV among patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective randomized clinical study at a hospital in China. METHODS: Sixty-two patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The forced air warming (FAW) group received pre-warmed Ringer's solution with FAW until the end of surgery. The control group received Ringer's solution without FAW. The pre-warmed Ringer's solution was stored in a cabinet set at 40 °C. The FAW tube was placed beside the patient's shoulder with a temperature of 43 °C. RESULTS: Sixty patients completed the study. The FAW group showed significant differences versus the controls regarding temperature. At 6, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively, the incidences of PONV were 53.3%, 6.7% and 3.3% in the FAW group versus 63.3%, 30% and 3.3% in the controls. VAS scores were significantly lower in the FAW group than in the controls at 24 hours (P= 0.035). Forty-item questionnaire total scores in the FAW group were significantly higher than in the controls. The physical independence and pain scores at 24 hours and emotional support and pain scores at 48 hours in the FAW group were higher than in the controls (P < 0.05). There was no difference in hemodynamics or demographics between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic rewarming relieved PONV and improved the quality of postoperative recovery. CHINESE CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTER (CHICTR): ChiCTR-IOR-17012901.
Assuntos
Histerectomia , Laparoscopia , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios , Reaquecimento , China , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Histerectomia/métodos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication from general anesthesia that impacts on postoperative recovery. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prophylactic rewarming following general anesthesia, so as to decrease the incidence of PONV among patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective randomized clinical study at a hospital in China. METHODS: Sixty-two patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The forced air warming (FAW) group received pre-warmed Ringer's solution with FAW until the end of surgery. The control group received Ringer's solution without FAW. The pre-warmed Ringer's solution was stored in a cabinet set at 40 °C. The FAW tube was placed beside the patient's shoulder with a temperature of 43 °C. RESULTS: Sixty patients completed the study. The FAW group showed significant differences versus the controls regarding temperature. At 6, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively, the incidences of PONV were 53.3%, 6.7% and 3.3% in the FAW group versus 63.3%, 30% and 3.3% in the controls. VAS scores were significantly lower in the FAW group than in the controls at 24 hours (P= 0.035). Forty-item questionnaire total scores in the FAW group were significantly higher than in the controls. The physical independence and pain scores at 24 hours and emotional support and pain scores at 48 hours in the FAW group were higher than in the controls (P < 0.05). There was no difference in hemodynamics or demographics between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic rewarming relieved PONV and improved the quality of postoperative recovery. CHINESE CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTER (ChiCTR): ChiCTR-IOR-17012901.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Reaquecimento , Náusea e Vômito Pós-Operatórios/prevenção & controle , Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Histerectomia/métodos , China , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: It is currently recommended that after return of spontaneous circulation following cardiac arrest, fever should be prevented using TTM through a servo-controlled system. This technology is not yet available in many global settings, where manual physical measures without servo-control is the only option. Our aim was to compare feasibility, safety and quality assurance of servo-controlled system versus no servo-controlled system cooling, TTM protocols for cooling, maintenance and rewarming following return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest in children. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, study. SETTING: PICUs of 20 hospitals in South America, Spain, and Italy, 2012-2014. PATIENTS: Under 18 years old with a cardiac arrest longer than 2 minutes, in coma and surviving to PICU admission requiring mechanical ventilation were included. METHODS: TTM to 32-34°C was performed by prospectively designed protocol across 20 centers, with either servo-controlled system or no servo-controlled system methods, depending on servo-controlled system availability. We analyzed clinical data, cardiac arrest, temperature, mechanical ventilation duration, length of hospitalization, complications, survival, and neurologic outcomes at 6 months. PRIMARY OUTCOME: feasibility, safety and quality assurance of the cooling technique and secondary outcome: survival and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category at 6 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seventy patients were recruited, 51 of 70 TTM (72.8%) with servo-controlled system. TTM induction, maintenance, and rewarming were feasible in both groups. Servo-controlled system was more effective than no servo-controlled system in maintaining TTM (69 vs 60%; p = 0.004). Servo-controlled system had fewer temperatures above 38.1°C during the 5 days of TTM (0.1% vs 2.9%; p < 0.001). No differences in mortality, complications, length of mechanical ventilation and of stay, or neurologic sequelae were found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: TTM protocol (for cooling, maintenance and rewarming) following return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest in children was feasible and safe with both servo-controlled system and no servo-controlled system techniques. Achieving, maintaining, and rewarming within protocol targets were more effective with servo-controlled system versus no servo-controlled system techniques.
Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Hipotermia Induzida/normas , Adolescente , Temperatura Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Reaquecimento/métodos , América do SulRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To delineate the systemic and cerebral hemodynamic response to incremental increases in core temperature during the rewarming phase of therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). STUDY DESIGN: Continuous hemodynamic data, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MBP), cardiac output by electrical velocimetry (COEV), arterial oxygen saturation, and renal (RrSO2) and cerebral (CrSO2) regional tissue oxygen saturation, were collected from 4 hours before the start of rewarming to 1 hour after the completion of rewarming. Serial echocardiography and transcranial Doppler were performed at 3 hours and 1 hour before the start of rewarming (T-3 and T-1; "baseline") and at 2, 4, and 7 hours after the start of rewarming (T+2, T+4, and T+7; "rewarming") to determine Cardiac output by echocardiography (COecho), stroke volume, fractional shortening, and middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocity indices. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Twenty infants with HIE were enrolled (mean gestational age, 38.8 ± 2 weeks; mean birth weight, 3346 ± 695 g). During rewarming, HR, COecho, and COEV increased from baseline to T+7, and MBP decreased. Despite an increase in fractional shortening, stroke volume remained unchanged. RrSO2 increased, and renal fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) decreased. MCA peak systolic flow velocity increased. There were no changes in CrSO2 or cerebral FOE. CONCLUSIONS: In neonates with HIE, CO significantly increases throughout rewarming. This is due to an increase in HR rather than stroke volume and is associated with an increase in renal blood flow. The lack of change in cerebral tissue oxygen saturation and extraction, in conjunction with an increase in MCA peak systolic velocity, suggests that cerebral flow metabolism coupling remained intact during rewarming.
Assuntos
Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Reaquecimento/métodos , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Recém-Nascido , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia Doppler TranscranianaRESUMO
Acute compartment syndrome of the foot and ankle is a relatively rare clinical finding. Lower extremity compartment syndrome is customarily due to vascular or orthopedic traumatic limb-threatening pathologic issues. Clinical correlation and measurement of intracompartmental pressure are paramount to efficient diagnosis and treatment. Delayed treatment can lead to local and systemically adverse consequences. Frostbite, a comparatively more common pathologic entity of the distal extremities, occurs when tissues are exposed to freezing temperatures. Previously found in military populations, frostbite has become increasingly prevalent in the general population, leading to more clinical presentations to foot and ankle specialists. We present a review of the published data of acute foot compartment syndrome and pedal frostbite, with pathogenesis, treatment, and subsequent sequelae. A case report illustrating 1 example of bilateral foot, atraumatic compartment syndrome, is highlighted in the present report. The patient presented with changes consistent with distal bilateral forefoot frostbite, along with gangrenous changes to the distal tuft of each hallux. At admission and evaluation, the patient had increasing rhabdomyolysis with no other clear etiology. Compartment pressures were measured in the emergency room and were >100 mm Hg in the medial compartment and 50 mm Hg dorsally. The patient was taken to the operating room urgently for bilateral pedal compartment release. Both pathologic entities have detrimental outcomes if not treated in a timely and appropriate manner, with amputation rates increasing with increasing delay.
Assuntos
Síndromes Compartimentais/etiologia , Síndromes Compartimentais/cirurgia , Fasciotomia/métodos , Congelamento das Extremidades/complicações , Gangrena/complicações , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Síndromes Compartimentais/fisiopatologia , Seguimentos , Traumatismos do Pé/complicações , Traumatismos do Pé/diagnóstico , Traumatismos do Pé/terapia , Congelamento das Extremidades/diagnóstico , Congelamento das Extremidades/terapia , Gangrena/diagnóstico , Gangrena/terapia , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Masculino , Reaquecimento/métodos , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
La terapia con hipotermia, disminuye la lesión cerebral y mejora el pronóstico neurológico en los recién nacidos de término o casi de término, que han presentado una EHI. Deben ser bien seleccionados. Existen dos métodos de hipotermia, el de enfriamiento selectivo de cabeza, con el objetivo de enfriar a 34.5 °C y el enfriamiento corporal total con temperatura de 33.5 °C. Las temperaturas bajo 32 °C protegen menos y las menores de 30 °C pueden ser peligrosas y dar muchas complicaciones. La ventana terapéutica de la hipotermia, son las primeras 6 horas de vida. Esta terapia debe ser mantenida por 72 hrs, con un control estricto de la temperatura corporal. Consta de tres etapas y una fase de enfriamiento y otra de recalentamiento. Durante el procedimiento se deben controlar estrictamente al RN, del punto de vista clínico y de laboratorio. Fundamental es el seguimiento a largo plazo.
Hypothermia therapy decreases brain injury and improves neurological prognosis in term or near term infants, who have presented with an hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. They must be carefully selected. There are two methods of hypothermia: selective cooling of the head, with the aim of cooling it to 34.5 °C, and total body cooling with a temperature of 33.5 °C. Temperatures below 32 °C protect less and those lower than 30 °C can be dangerous and may cause many complications. The window for therapeutic hypothermia is the first 6 hours of life. This therapy must be kept for 72 hours, with a strict control of body temperature. It consists of three stages, a cool-down phase, and a reheating phase. During the procedure newborns should be strictly monitored through clinical presentations and laboratory exams. Long-term follow-up is essential.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Reaquecimento/métodosRESUMO
Abstract Background and objectives: Decrease in body temperature is common during general and regional anesthesia. Forced-air warming intraoperative during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia seems not able to prevent it. The hypothesis considers that active warming before the intraoperative period avoids temperature loss during cesarean. Methods: Forty healthy pregnant patients undergoing elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia received active warming from a thermal gown in the preoperative care unit 30 min before spinal anesthesia and during surgery (Go, n = 20), or no active warming at any time (Ct, n = 20). After induction of spinal anesthesia, the thermal gown was replaced over the chest and upper limbs and maintained throughout study. Room temperature, hemoglobin saturation, heart rate, arterial pressure, and tympanic body temperature were registered 30 min before (baseline) spinal anesthesia, right after it (time zero) and every 15 min thereafter. Results: There was no difference for temperature at baseline, but they were significant throughout the study (p < 0.0001; repeated measure ANCOVA). Tympanic temperature baseline was 36.6 ± 0.3 °C, measured 36.5 ± 0.3 °C at time zero and reached 36.1 ± 0.2 °C for gown group, while control group had baseline temperature of 36.4 ± 0.4 °C, measured 36.3 ± 0.3 °C at time zero and reached 35.4 ± 0.4 °C (F = 32.53; 95% CI 0.45-0.86; p < 0.001). Hemodynamics did not differ throughout the study for both groups of patients. Conclusion: Active warming 30 min before spinal anesthesia and during surgery prevented a fall in body temperature in full-term pregnant women during elective cesarean delivery.
Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A redução da temperatura corporal é comum durante a anestesia tanto geral quanto regional. O sistema de ar forçado aquecido no intraoperatório durante a cesariana sob anestesia peridural não parece conseguir impedi-la. A hipótese considera que o aquecimento ativo antes do período intraoperatório evita a perda de temperatura durante a cesariana. Métodos: Quarenta pacientes grávidas, saudáveis, submetidas à cesariana eletiva com anestesia espinal receberam aquecimento ativo de um avental térmico na unidade de cuidados pré-operatórios 30 minutos antes da anestesia e durante a cirurgia (Go, n = 20) ou nenhum aquecimento ativo a qualquer momento (Ct, n = 20). Após a indução da anestesia espinhal, o avental térmico foi colocado sobre o tórax e os membros superiores e mantido durante o estudo. Temperatura ambiente, saturação de hemoglobina, frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial e temperatura corporal timpânica foram registradas 30 minutos antes (fase basal) da anestesia espinhal, logo após a anestesia (tempo zero) e a cada 15 minutos subsequentemente. Resultados: Não houve diferença de temperatura na fase basal, mas as diferenças foram significativas ao longo do estudo (p < 0,0001; Ancova de medida repetida). A temperatura timpânica na fase basal foi de 36,6 ± 0,3 °C, mediu 36,5 ± 0,3 °C no tempo zero e atingiu 36,1 ± 0,2 °C no grupo avental, enquanto a temperatura basal do grupo controle foi de 36,4 ± 0,4 °C, mediu 36,3 ± 0,3 °C no tempo zero e atingiu 35,4 ± 0,4 °C (F = 32,53; IC de 95% 0,45-0,86, p < 0,001). A hemodinâmica não diferiu ao longo do estudo em ambos os grupos de pacientes. Conclusão: O aquecimento ativo 30 minutos antes da anestesia espinhal e durante a cirurgia evitou a queda da temperatura corporal em mulheres grávidas a termo durante a cesariana eletiva.