RESUMO
O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a construção metodológica desenvolvida em uma pesquisa de mestrado, na qual sustentamos a escrita de cenas como método de pesquisa da escuta clínica. As cenas do trabalho em questão foram recolhidas ao longo do tempo, no contorno da experiência de um projeto de extensão universitária de atenção à infância e adolescência em situação de vulnerabilidade social, situado em uma comunidade periférica. Apresentamos, neste texto, as interrogações que se elaboraram em torno da escolha pelo trabalho com cenas, e compartilhamos o resgate histórico dessas como um método de escrever a clínica, bem como a retomada de sua análise a partir da tradição psicanalítica. Amparadas nesta teoria e em leituras e contribuições do filósofo francês Jacques Derrida, embasamos a noção de que a cena se constitui como um lugar de produção, ao engendrar a configuração particular de elementos significantes nos processos de subjetivação e de construção social. A cena não é, então, compreendida aqui como uma representação do que acontece na clínica, mas como um modo de produzir a escuta e os seus processos de investigação.(AU)
This article aims to present the methodological construction developed in a master's research, in which the writing of scenes as a method of clinical listening research was endorsed. The scenes from the study in question were collected over time, from the experience gained in a project conducted within a university extension program on care in childhood and adolescence in social vulnerability, in a peripheral community. In this study, we present some questions that were elaborated surrounding the choices of working with scenes; and we share the historical rescue of this work as a method of writing on clinic practices and resuming their analysis from the psychoanalytic tradition. Based on the psychoanalytic theory and on the readings and contributions of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, we corroborate the notion that the scene is constituted as a place of production, engendering the particular configuration of significant elements in the processes of subjectivation and social construction. Here, the scene is not a representation of clinical practice but one mode of producing listening and its research processes.(AU)
Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la construcción metodológica desarrollada en una investigación de maestría, en la que sostenemos la escritura de escenas como método de investigación de la escucha clínica. Las escenas del trabajo en cuestión se recogieron a lo largo del tiempo desde la experiencia en un proyecto de extensión universitario de atención a la niñez y adolescencia en situación de vulnerabilidad social aplicado en una comunidad periférica. En este texto, presentamos los interrogantes que se elaboraron en torno a la elección por el trabajo con escenas y compartimos el rescate histórico de las mismas como un método de escribir la clínica y la reanudación del análisis a partir de la tradición psicoanalítica. Amparadas en el psicoanálisis y en lecturas y contribuciones del filósofo francés Jacques Derrida, nos basaremos en la noción de que la escena se constituye como un lugar de producción, engendrando la configuración particular de elementos significantes en los procesos de subjetivación y de construcción social. La escena no es aquí una representación de lo que pasa en la clínica, sino un modo de producir escucha y sus procesos de investigación.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Psicanálise , Criança , Proteção da Criança , Equipamentos e Provisões , Metodologia como Assunto , Refeições , Vulnerabilidade Social , Parapsicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais , Paternidade , Jogos e Brinquedos , Ludoterapia , Pobreza , Fenômenos Psicológicos , Teoria Psicológica , Psicologia , Psicologia Clínica , Terapia da Realidade , Bode Expiatório , Instituições Acadêmicas , Relações entre Irmãos , Classe Social , Isolamento Social , Justiça Social , Responsabilidade Social , Apoio Social , Serviço Social , Fala , Superego , Inconsciente Psicológico , Comportamento , Áreas de Pobreza , Uso de Resíduos Sólidos , Criança Abandonada , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Cuidado da Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento , Características de Residência , Higiene , Saúde da Criança , Responsabilidade Legal , Adolescente , Poder Familiar , Estágio Clínico , Assistência Integral à Saúde , Estado de Consciência , Vida , Crime , Intervenção em Crise , Afeto , Cultura , Narração , Fraldas Infantis , Sujeitos da Pesquisa , Agressão , Violação de Direitos Humanos , Sonhos , Educação , Ego , Emprego , Mercado de Trabalho , Ética , Nutrição da Criança , Bullying , Marginalização Social , Criança Acolhida , Privilégio Social , Liberdade , Teoria Freudiana , Status Econômico , Respeito , Regras de Decisão Clínica , Inclusão Social , Instabilidade Habitacional , Baixo Nível Socioeconômico , História , Direitos Humanos , Id , Lateralidade Funcional , Amor , Memória , Memória de Curto Prazo , Moral , NomesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clinical prediction rules have been designed to reduce variability and improve the diagnostic process. However, there are no unanimous criteria regarding which of them is the most efficient for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. AIM: The primary aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the most commonly used clinical prediction rules. The second aim was to identify the combination of the smallest number of clinical and analytical variables that would allow a cost-effective diagnostic approach. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted of 458 patients who were evaluated for right iliac fossa pain between January 2010 and December 2016. The scores tested were Alvarado, AIR, RIPASA, and AAS. Univariate and multiple regressions were used for validation. RESULTS: Alvarado one was the most efficient to establish a positive diagnosis of acute appendicitis. However, the most simplified and predictive combination variables included anorexia, white blood cell count > 8275 leukocytes/mL, neutrophilia (> 75%), abdominal pain < 48 h, migrating pain, and temperature out the range of 37-39ºC. CONCLUSIONS: A new and effective CPR (HMC score) for predicting appendicitis in patients presenting with the right iliac fossa pain has been established.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las escalas de predicción diagnóstica (EPD) se han diseñado con el objetivo de reducir la variabilidad y mejorar el proceso de diagnóstico. Sin embargo, no existen criterios unánimes sobre cuál de ellas es la más el más eficiente para el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda. OBJETIVO: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia diagnóstica de las escalas de predicción diagnóstica más utilizadas. El segundo objetivo fue identificar la combinación del menor número de variables clínicas y analíticas que permitieran un enfoque diagnóstico más eficiente. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de 458 pacientes que fueron evaluados por dolor en la fosa ilíaca derecha entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2016. Las escalas evaluadas fueron las de Alvarado, AIR, RIPASA y AAS. Se utilizaron la regresion univariada y la múltiple para la validación de los resultados. RESULTADOS: la escala de Alvarado fue la más eficiente para establecer un diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda. No obstante, la combinación de las siguientes variables: anorexia, recuento de leucocitos > 8275 leucocitos/mL, neutrofilia (> 75%), dolor abdominal < 48 horas, dolor migratorio y temperatura fuera del rango de 37-39ºC, demostró ser la más eficiente para establecer un diagnóstico positivo de apendicitis aguda. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha desarrollada una nueva EPD (escala HMDC) para determinar la presencia de apendicitis en pacientes evaluados por dolor en la fosa ilíaca derecha.
Assuntos
Regras de Decisão Clínica , Dor , HumanosRESUMO
Esse estudo consistiu em analisar a confiabilidade e a eficácia dos métodos do controle interno da qualidade das bioquímicas em um laboratório privado, a partir da criação dos próprios valores de referência, utilizando como ferramentas o gráfico de Levey Jennings e regras de Westgard. Métodos: Foram estabelecidos nesse estudo os próprios valores de referência para cada analito, dispostos os valores de qualidade diários nos gráficos e realizadas as interpretações para validação do teste. Resultados: Através da implementação dos valores próprios de referência e um controle de qualidade mais rígido, foi possível identificar uma melhor estabilidade dos analitos, melhor percepção dos erros aleatórios, sistemáticos e tendenciosos, obtendo informações mais confiáveis e efetivas perante os controles. Conclusão: Os resultados desta análise indicam uma maior estabilidade e uma menor variabilidade dentro dos valores de referência criados, resultando em exames mais precisos e seguros.
Objective: This study consisted of analyzing the reliability and effectiveness of the methods of internal quality control of biochemists in a private laboratory, from the creation os their own reference values, using the Levey-Jennings chart and Westgard rules as tools. Methods: In this study, the reference values for each analyte were created, the daily quality values were displayed on the graphs, and the interpretations were carried out to validate the test. Results: Through the implementation of proper reference values and stricter quality control, it was possible to identify better stability of the analytes, better perception os random, systematic and biased errors, obtaining more reliable and effective information from the controls. Conclusion: The results of this analysis indicate greater stability and less variability within the created reference values, resulting in more accurate examinations.
Assuntos
Controle de Qualidade , Valores de Referência , Regras de Decisão ClínicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diagnosing neuritis in leprosy patients with neuropathic pain or chronic neuropathy remains challenging since no specific laboratory or neurophysiological marker is available. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study developed at a leprosy outpatient clinic in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 54 individuals complaining of neural pain (single or multiple sites) were classified into two groups ("neuropathic pain" or "neuritis") by a neurological specialist in leprosy based on anamnesis together with clinical and electrophysiological examinations. A neurologist, blind to the pain diagnoses, interviewed and examined the participants using a standardized form that included clinical predictors, pain features, and neurological symptoms. The association between the clinical predictors and pain classifications was evaluated via the Pearson Chi-Square or Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Six clinical algorithms were generated to evaluate sensitivity and specificity, with 95% confidence intervals, for clinical predictors statistically associated with neuritis. The most conclusive clinical algorithm was: pain onset at any time during the previous 90 days, or in association with the initiation of neurological symptoms during the prior 30-day period, necessarily associated with the worsening of pain upon movement and nerve palpation, with 94% of specificity and 35% of sensitivity. CONCLUSION: This algorithm could help physicians confirm neuritis in leprosy patients with neural pain, particularly in primary health care units with no access to neurologists or electrophysiological tests.
Assuntos
Hanseníase , Neuralgia , Neurite (Inflamação) , Brasil , Regras de Decisão Clínica , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Hanseníase/complicações , Hanseníase/diagnóstico , Neurite (Inflamação)/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in children with overweight and obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared with those with autoimmune liver disease (ALD). STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of children with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of NAFL, NASH, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), or primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and a body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile treated between 2007 and 2016. RESULTS: A total of 181 patients were identified, including 31 (17%) with NAFL, 121 (67%) with NASH, 12 (6.6%) with ALD (AIH, PSC, or overlap), and 17 (9.4%) with combined ALD and NAFLD. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-actin antibody, and anti-liver kidney microsomal (LKM) antibody were positive in 16.1%, 13.8%, and 0%, respectively, of the patients with NAFL and in 32.8%, 15.5%, and 0%, respectively, of those with NASH. Total immunoglobulin G (IgG) was elevated in 27.3% of the patients with NAFL and in 47.7% of those with NASH, but in 100% of those with ALD. The positive predictive value of LKM was 100% for ALD but only 29% for ANA and 46% for anti-actin antibody. CONCLUSIONS: False-positive rates of autoantibodies were higher in pediatric patients with overweight and obesity with NAFLD compared with the general adult population. Positive LKM had the highest specificity and positive predictive value, and elevated IgG level had the highest sensitivity for ALD. The presence of autoantibodies does not signal more severe NAFLD in children. BMI >98th percentile seems to be an important breakpoint above which ALD is less likely.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Colangite Esclerosante/diagnóstico , Hepatite Autoimune/diagnóstico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colangite Esclerosante/sangue , Colangite Esclerosante/complicações , Colangite Esclerosante/imunologia , Regras de Decisão Clínica , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Hepatite Autoimune/sangue , Hepatite Autoimune/complicações , Hepatite Autoimune/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/sangue , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/imunologia , Gravidade do Paciente , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Obesidade Infantil/imunologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a fetal stratification pathway will effectively discriminate between infants at different levels of risk for surgical coarctation and reduce unnecessary medicalization. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a pre-post nonrandomized study in which we prospectively assigned fetuses with prenatal concern for coarctation to 1 of 3 risk categories and implemented a clinical pathway for postnatal management. Postnatal clinical outcomes were compared with those in a historical control group that were not triaged based on the pathway. RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 109 fetuses, including 57 treated along the fetal coarctation pathway and 52 historical controls. Among mild-risk fetuses, 3% underwent surgical coarctation repair (0% of those without additional heart defects), compared with 27% of moderate-risk and 63% of high-risk fetuses. The combined fetal aortic, mitral, and isthmus z-score best discriminated which infants underwent surgery (area under the curve = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91). Compared with historical controls, infants triaged according to the fetal coarctation pathway had fewer delivery location changes (76% vs 55%; P = .025) and less umbilical venous catheter placement (74% vs 51%; P = .046). Trends toward shorter intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, and time to enteral feeding did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: A stratified risk-assignment pathway effectively identifies a group of fetuses with a low rate of surgical coarctation and reduces unnecessary medicalization in infants who do not undergo aortic surgery. Incorporation of novel measurements or imaging techniques may improve the specificity of high-risk criteria.
Assuntos
Coartação Aórtica/diagnóstico , Regras de Decisão Clínica , Procedimentos Clínicos , Assistência Perinatal/métodos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Procedimentos Desnecessários/estatística & dados numéricos , Coartação Aórtica/terapia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Assistência Perinatal/normas , Assistência Perinatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Triagem/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To test the performance of the Son risk score, which was created to predict coronary artery abnormalities from baseline variables in North American patients with Kawasaki disease. STUDY DESIGN: The dataset from Post RAISE, the largest prospective cohort study of Japanese patients with Kawasaki disease to date, was used for the present study. With high risk defined as ≥3 points, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for coronary artery abnormality development were calculated. To evaluate the effect of each risk factor in the Son score, the OR and 95% CIs were calculated using logistic regression analysis with the presence of coronary artery abnormality at 1 month after disease onset. RESULTS: Post RAISE enrolled 2628 consecutive patients with Kawasaki disease, and 304 patients had a high-risk score, of whom 15.1% showed coronary artery abnormality. At the cutoff ≥3 points, the sensitivity was 37.7%, and the specificity was 87.2%. The maximum z score at baseline ≥2.0 (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.3-5.2) and age <6 months at disease onset (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9-5.4), were significantly associated with coronary artery abnormality development. However, a high concentration of C-reactive protein was not associated with coronary artery abnormality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the Son score was 0.65 (95% CI 0.59-0.71). CONCLUSIONS: The Son score had insufficient sensitivity and good specificity in a Japanese cohort of patients with Kawasaki disease. Among the variables comprising the Son score, a large baseline z score and young age at disease onset were significant, independent predictors of coronary artery abnormality development.
Assuntos
Regras de Decisão Clínica , Aneurisma Coronário/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Coronário/etiologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/complicações , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Japão , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
CONTEXT: Artificial intelligence (AI), in particular machine learning (ML), may be used to deeply analyze biomarkers of response to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands (fg-SRLs) in the treatment of acromegaly. OBJECTIVE: To develop a prediction model of therapeutic response of acromegaly to fg-SRL. METHODS: Patients with acromegaly not cured by primary surgical treatment and who had adjuvant therapy with fg-SRL for at least 6 months after surgery were included. Patients were considered controlled if they presented growth hormone (GH) <1.0 ng/mL and normal age-adjusted insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels. Six AI models were evaluated: logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor classifier, support vector machine, gradient-boosted classifier, random forest, and multilayer perceptron. The features included in the analysis were age at diagnosis, sex, GH, and IGF-I levels at diagnosis and at pretreatment, somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and 5 (SST2 and SST5) protein expression and cytokeratin granulation pattern (GP). RESULTS: A total of 153 patients were analyzed. Controlled patients were older (Pâ =â .002), had lower GH at diagnosis (Pâ =â .01), had lower pretreatment GH and IGF-I (Pâ <â .001), and more frequently harbored tumors that were densely granulated (Pâ =â .014) or highly expressed SST2 (Pâ <â .001). The model that performed best was the support vector machine with the features SST2, SST5, GP, sex, age, and pretreatment GH and IGF-I levels. It had an accuracy of 86.3%, positive predictive value of 83.3% and negative predictive value of 87.5%. CONCLUSION: We developed a ML-based prediction model with high accuracy that has the potential to improve medical management of acromegaly, optimize biochemical control, decrease long-term morbidities and mortality, and reduce health services costs.
Assuntos
Acromegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Regras de Decisão Clínica , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Receptores de Somatostatina/administração & dosagem , Acromegalia/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/sangue , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Queratinas , Ligantes , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Receptores de Somatostatina/sangue , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of a hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) severity score among children with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections and HUS by stratifying them according to their risk of adverse events. The score has not been previously evaluated in a North American acute care setting. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed medical records of children <18 years old infected with STEC and treated in 1 of 38 participating emergency departments in North America between 2011 and 2015. The HUS severity score (hemoglobin [g/dL] plus 2-times serum creatinine [mg/dL]) was calculated using first available laboratory results. Children with scores >13 were designated as high-risk. We assessed score performance to predict severe adverse events (ie, dialysis, neurologic complication, respiratory failure, and death) using discrimination and net benefit (ie, threshold probability), with subgroup analyses by age and day-of-illness. RESULTS: A total of 167 children had HUS, of whom 92.8% (155/167) had relevant data to calculate the score; 60.6% (94/155) experienced a severe adverse event. Discrimination was acceptable overall (area under the curve 0.71, 95% CI 0.63-0.79) and better among children <5 years old (area under the curve 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.87). For children <5 years, greatest net benefit was achieved for a threshold probability >26%. CONCLUSIONS: The HUS severity score was able to discriminate between high- and low-risk children <5 years old with STEC-associated HUS at a statistically acceptable level; however, it did not appear to provide clinical benefit at a meaningful risk threshold.