RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Determine the association between breastfeeding and the development of mouth breathing in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven databases were searched for studies investigating the association between the type of feeding and the development of the breathing pattern in children. Descriptive analysis and meta-analysis were performed, with the calculation of the prevalence and likelihood (odds ratios (95% CI)) of mouth breathing according to the duration of breastfeeding. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of mouth breathing was 44% (95% CI: 38-49) (N total = 1182). Breastfeeding was a protection factor against the development of mouth breathing (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41-0.93). The likelihood of developing mouth breathing was 41% and 34% lower among children that were breastfed for more than 12 and more than 24 months, respectively. No association was found between exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months and the occurrence of mouth breathing (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.31-1.18). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the scarcity of cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria and the low certainty of the evidence, no strong evidence-based conclusion can be drawn. However, breastfeeding should be encouraged due to its possible protective effect, evidenced by the substantial reduction in the prevalence of mouth breathing pattern when performed for up to 2 years. Exclusive breastfeeding was not associated with the development of the breathing pattern. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results reveal that breastfeeding can protect children from the development of mouth breathing. Thus, healthcare providers should offer support so that mothers feel prepared and encouraged to perform breastfeeding. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registry: CRD42017062172.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Respiração Bucal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Mães , Boca , Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mouth breathing can cause a set of changes in craniofacial growth and development, with esthetic, functional, and psychological repercussions. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of mouth breathing on the quality of life of schoolchildren. METHODS: A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1911 children ages 9 and 10 years in the city of Recife, Brazil. The children answered the Mouth Breather Quality of Life questionnaire and a questionnaire that addressed sociodemographic data and health-related aspects. Clinical examinations were performed by an examiner who had undergone a training and calibration process for the diagnosis of mouth breathing (kappa = 0.90). Descriptive statistics were conducted to characterize the sample. Statistical analysis involved the Student's t-test and the F test (analysis of variance) (alpha = 5%). RESULTS: The prevalence of mouth breathing was 54.81%. Children with oral breathing demonstrated a poorer quality of life in comparison with children with nasal breathing (p < 0.001). The following variables were significantly associated with a poorer quality of life among the children with mouth breathing: a younger age (p < 0.001) and the use of medication (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Based on the present findings, children with the mouth-breathing pattern experience a greater negative impact on quality of life in comparison with those with the nose-breathing pattern. Thus, the early diagnosis and treatment of this clinical condition are fundamental to minimizing the consequences of mouth breathing on the quality of life of schoolchildren with respiration disorders.
Assuntos
Fatores Etários , Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , População , Qualidade de Vida , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with mouth breathing among patients with developmental disabilities of a dental service. METHODS: We analyzed 408 dental records. Mouth breathing was reported by the patients' parents and from direct observation. Other variables were as -follows: history of asthma, bronchitis, palate shape, pacifier use, thumb -sucking, nail biting, use of medications, gastroesophageal reflux, bruxism, gender, age, and diagnosis of the patient. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis with ratio calculation and multiple logistic regression. Variables with p < 0.25 were included in the model to estimate the adjusted OR (95% CI), calculated by the forward stepwise method. Variables with p ââ< 0.05 were kept in the model. RESULTS: Being male (p = 0.016) and use of centrally acting drugs (p = 0.001) were the variables that remained in the model. CONCLUSION: Among patients with -developmental disabilities, boys and psychotropic drug users had a greater chance of being mouth breathers.
Assuntos
Deficiências do Desenvolvimento , Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Prevalência , Psicotrópicos/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and etiology of rhinitis, oral breathing, types of malocclusion and orofacial disorders in patients treated for dental malocclusion. METHODS: Patients with poor dental occlusion (n=89, 8-15 years) undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Postgraduate Orthodontics Center (Sao Paulo, Brazil) participated in the study. Rhinitis and oral breathing were diagnosed by anamnesis, clinical assessment and allergic etiology of rhinitis through immediate hypersensitivity skin prick test (SPT) with airborne allergens. The association between types of breathing (oral or nasal), rhinitis and types of dental malocclusion, bruxism and cephalometric alterations (increased Y axis of facial growth) compared to standard cephalometric tracing (Escola de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo) were assessed. RESULTS: The frequency of rhinitis in patients with dental malocclusion was 76.4% (68), and, of these, 81.7% were allergic (49/60 positive skin prick test), whereas the frequency of oral breathing was 62.9%. There was a significant association between an increased Y axis of facial growth and oral breathing (p<0.001), as well as between oral breathing and rhinitis (p=0.009). There was no association between rhinitis and bruxism. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of rhinitis in children with dental malocclusion is higher than that in the general population, which is approximately 30%. Patients with oral breathing have a tendency to a dolichofacial growth pattern (increased Y axis of facial growth). In patients with rhinitis, regardless of the presence of oral breathing, the dolichofacial growth tendency was not observed.
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Má Oclusão/complicações , Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , Respiração Bucal/etiologia , Rinite/epidemiologia , Rinite/etiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Ossos Faciais/anormalidades , HumanosRESUMO
Por apresentar alta prevalência, a maloclusão é considerada um problema de saúde pública podendo interferir negativamente na qualidade de vida das pessoas. A respiração bucal também tem sido considerada um problema de saúde pública devido aos múltiplos problemas que essa disfunção pode causar. O objetivo do presente estudo transversal foi avaliar o impacto da maloclusão e respiração bucal na qualidade de vida de crianças na faixa etária de oito a 10 anos de idade, estudantes de escolas da rede pública da cidade de Belo Horizonte. O instrumento utilizado para medir a qualidade de vida (OHRQoL - Oral Health-Related Quality of Life) foi a versão brasileira do Child Perceptions Questionnaire...
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Má Oclusão/epidemiologia , Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , Dentição Mista , Estudos Transversais , Impactos da Poluição na Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The main cause of mouth breathing and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in childhood is associated with upper airway narrowing to varying degrees. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of morphological and functional craniofacial changes and the main clinical symptoms of SDB in healthy children. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. A sample comprising 687 healthy schoolchildren, aged 7-12 years old and attending public schools, was assessed by medical history, clinical medical and dental examination, and respiratory tests. The self-perceived quality of life of mouth breathing children was obtained by a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of the total sample, 520 children were nose breathers (NB) while 167 (24.3%) were mouth breathers (MB); 32.5% had severe hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils, 18% had a Mallampati score of III or IV, 26.1% had excessive overjet and 17.7% had anterior open bite malocclusion. Among the MB, 53.9% had atresic palate, 35.9% had lip incompetence, 33.5% reported sleepiness during the day, 32.2% often sneezed, 32.2% had a stuffy nose, 19.6% snored, and 9.4% reported having the feeling to stop breathing while asleep. However, the self-perception of their quality of life was considered good. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of facial changes as well as signs and symptoms of mouth breathing were found among health children, requiring early diagnosis and treatment to reduce the risk of SDB.
Assuntos
Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Hipertrofia , Lábio/patologia , Má Oclusão/epidemiologia , Anamnese , Respiração Bucal/psicologia , Doenças Nasais/epidemiologia , Mordida Aberta/epidemiologia , Sobremordida/epidemiologia , Palato/anormalidades , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Exame Físico , Prevalência , Qualidade de Vida , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fases do Sono/fisiologia , Espirro/fisiologia , Ronco/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the dental and skeletal variables associated with disturbances of craniofacial development in oral-breathing (OB) individuals and the probability that these variables are related to this condition. METHODS: This is an observational retrospective case-control study of 1596 patients divided into three groups of age n1 5-12, n2 13-18, and n3 19-57 years. Radiographic, clinical, and models data were analyzed. The control group was consisted of nasal breathing (NB) individuals. Statistical analyses of the qualitative data were performed with x (2) test to identify associations, and odds ratio (OR) tests were performed for the variables that the chi-square test (x (2)) identified an association. RESULTS: In the descriptive analysis of the data, we observed that the class II malocclusion was the most frequent in the total sample, but when divided by age group and mode of breathing, there is a random division of these variables. In n1 group, class II, (OR = 2.02) short and retruded mandible (SM and RM) (OR = 1.65 and1.89) were associated with OB and it was considered a risk factor. In n2 group, class II (OR = 1.73), SM (OR = 1.87) and increased lower anterior height (ILAFH) (OR = 1.84) seemed to be associated and to be risk factors for OB. In the n1 group, decreased lower anterior facial height (DLAFH) and brachycephalic facial pattern (BP) seemed to be associated with NB and a protective factor against oral breathing. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that dental and skeletal factors are associated with OB in children, and it seems that it becomes more severe until adolescence. But adults showed no associations between OB and skeletal factors, only in dental variables, indicating that there is no cause-effect relationship between the dental and skeletal factors and OB. The treatment of nose breathing patient should be multidisciplinary, since OB remains even when dental and skeletal factors slow down.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Maxilofacial/fisiologia , Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cefalometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Má Oclusão Classe I de Angle/epidemiologia , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle/epidemiologia , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/epidemiologia , Mandíbula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Respiração Bucal/fisiopatologia , Nariz/fisiologia , Respiração , Retrognatismo/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Dimensão Vertical , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The main cause of mouth breathing and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in childhood is associated with upper airway narrowing to varying degrees. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of morphological and functional craniofacial changes and the main clinical symptoms of SDB in healthy children. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. A sample comprising 687 healthy schoolchildren, aged 7-12 years old and attending public schools, was assessed by medical history, clinical medical and dental examination, and respiratory tests. The self-perceived quality of life of mouth breathing children was obtained by a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of the total sample, 520 children were nose breathers (NB) while 167 (24.3%) were mouth breathers (MB); 32.5% had severe hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils, 18% had a Mallampati score of III or IV, 26.1% had excessive overjet and 17.7% had anterior open bite malocclusion. Among the MB, 53.9% had atresic palate, 35.9% had lip incompetence, 33.5% reported sleepiness during the day, 32.2% often sneezed, 32.2% had a stuffy nose, 19.6% snored, and 9.4% reported having the feeling to stop breathing while asleep. However, the self-perception of their quality of life was considered good. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of facial changes as well as signs and symptoms of mouth breathing were found among health children, requiring early diagnosis and treatment to reduce the risk of SDB. .
INTRODUÇÃO: a principal causa da respiração bucal e dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono (DRS) está associada ao estreitamento das vias aéreas superiores, em diferentes graus. OBJETIVO: avaliar a prevalência de alterações morfológicas e funcionais da face e os principais sintomas clínicos de DRS em crianças saudáveis. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, observacional, com amostra de 687 escolares saudáveis, provenientes de escolas públicas, com idades entre 7 e 12 anos. Foram avaliados pela história clínica, exame clínico médico e odontológico e testes respiratórios. A autopercepção da qualidade de vida dos escolares com respiração bucal foi obtida por meio de um questionário validado. RESULTADOS: na amostra total, 520 crianças eram respiradoras nasais (RN) e 167 (24,3%) eram respiradoras bucais (RB); 32,5% tinham hipertrofia das amígdalas palatinas, 18% tinham índice Mallampati obstrutivo (III e IV); 26,1% tinham overjet exagerado e 17,7%, mordida aberta anterior. Entre os RB, 53,9% tinham palato atrésico; 35,9% com ausência de selamento labial; 33,5% relataram sonolência diurna; 32,2%, espirros frequentes; 32,2%, nariz entupido; 19,6% roncavam e 9,4% relataram ter a sensação de parar de respirar durante o sono. Entretanto, a autopercepção da qualidade de vida desses escolares foi considerada boa. CONCLUSÃO: foi encontrada alta prevalência de alterações faciais, de sinais e de sintomas clínicos de respiração bucal nos escolares saudáveis examinados, necessitando diagnóstico e tratamento para reduzir o risco de DRS. .
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/epidemiologia , Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , Palato/anormalidades , Exame Físico , Qualidade de Vida , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fases do Sono/fisiologia , Espirro/fisiologia , Ronco/epidemiologia , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Nasais/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Mordida Aberta/epidemiologia , Sobremordida/epidemiologia , Hipertrofia , Lábio/patologia , Má Oclusão/epidemiologia , Anamnese , Respiração Bucal/psicologiaRESUMO
El diagnóstico funcional es fundamental en el tratamiento y pronóstico del paciente ortodóncico. Detectar deglución disfuncional o respiración bucal en etapa diagnóstica, nos permite arribar a un buen plan de tratamiento, que incluya la derivación al otorrinolaringólogoo a la fonoaudióloga en el caso de ser necesario, y favorece el pronóstico para lograr los objetivos propuestos y posibilitar la estabilidad post tratamiento. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados del diagnóstico funcional obtenidos por un mismo operador al mismo grupo de pacientes. Métodos: 22 pacientes, entre 16 y 30 años, pertenecientes a la Cátedra de Ortodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad deBuenos Aires. Se comparó utilizando dos mecanismos de diagnóstico: 1. Evaluación subjetiva y 2. Utilizando los test de respiración y de deglución como instrumento de evaluación. Resultados: con utilización del Test se registraron 18 pacientes con respiración nasal y 4 bucal, mientras que en la evaluación sinutilización se registraron 13 y 9 respectivamente, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (P = 0.031). En la evaluación de la deglución con utilización del Test, de los 22 pacientes 3 presentaron deglución funcional, y 19 disfuncional, mientras que al evaluar sin utilización del Test, se registraron 8 con y 14 respectivamente, sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa, pero con un valor de p muycercano (P = 0.063). Conclusión: De los 22 pacientes, 6 no fueron correctamente diagnosticados al evaluarse su respiración y 5 no fueron correctamentediagnosticados al evaluarse su deglución, sin utilizar el Test por operadores con poca experiencia. La detección de disfunción respiratoriapresenta mayor dificultad que la de disfunción deglutoria...
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Deglutição/fisiologia , Diagnóstico Clínico/métodos , Má Oclusão/diagnóstico , Mecânica Respiratória/fisiologia , Respiração , Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/epidemiologia , Argentina , Faculdades de Odontologia , Hábitos , Manifestações Bucais , Postura/fisiologia , Interpretação Estatística de DadosRESUMO
Introducción: el trauma dentoalveolar corresponde a una lesión traumática de alta prevalencia, elevado costo de tratamiento y efectos negativos a nivel funcional, estético y psicológico. Existen factores predisponentes de traumatismo dentoalveolar que coinciden con ciertas características de niños respiradores orales, sin embargo, el rol de la respiración oral como factor predisponente no está claramente determinado. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre respiración oral y trauma dentoalveolar controlando por otras covariables en niños de 6 a 14 años. Métodos: se aplicó un estudio de casos y controles 1:2. La muestra quedó constituida por 57 casos y 113 controles asumiendo un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento, una potencia del 80 por ciento y un 10 por ciento de pérdidas. Los casos correspondieron a niños de 6 a 14 años de edad ingresados por TDA a la Unidad de Odontopediatría del Hospital Dr. Sótero del Rí", centro de referencia que atiende a una población de 1 521 144 habitantes de la capital. Los controles correspondieron a niños voluntarios sin TDA del mismo centro asistencial y grupo etario. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de una entrevista, además de la medición clínica y observación directa para determinar el modo respiratorio. Para diferencias entre grupos se aplicó prueba de Fisher y Mann Whitney. La asociación entre respiración oral y trauma dentoalveolar se evaluó a partir de un modelo logístico considerando sexo, resalte y edad. Resultados: la prevalencia de niños respiradores orales fue mayor en los casos con un 47,4 por ciento (p < 0,05), sin embargo, no se pudo establecer una asociación significativa entre respiración oral y trauma dentoalveolar (OR:1,875; IC 95 por ciento: 0,866 - 4,058; p > 0,05) como para ninguna de las covariables del modelo. Conclusiones: respirar a través de la cavidad oral no constituiría un aumento del riesgo de sufrir un trauma dentoalveolar durante un golpe o caída en los niños estudiados(AU)
Introduction: dentoalveolar trauma is a traumatic-high prevalent injury with high costs associated with treatment and adverse effects at functional, aesthetic, and psychological levels. There are some predisposing clinical features of dentoalveolar trauma that are also present in mouth-breathing children, however the role of mouth breathing as a predisposing factor is not clearly determined. Objective: this paper aims to determine the association between mouth breathing and dentoalveolar trauma in children aged 6 to 14 years, controlling other covariates. Methods: a case-control study 1:2 was conducted. The sample was composed of 57 cases and 113 controls, assuming 95 percent of confidence level, 80 percent of power, and 10 percent losses. The cases were children aged 6 to 14 years admitted at the Pediatric Dentistry Unit in Dr. Sotero del Río Hospital because of dental trauma. This hospital assists a population of 1.521.144 inhabitants from the capital city. Controls were conducted on volunteer children of the same age group without dental trauma who are treated at the same hospital. Data were collected from interviews, clinical measurement, and direct observation to determine respiratory mode. The Fisher and Mann Whitney test was applied to find differences between the groups. The association between mouth breathing and dentoalveolar trauma was assessed through a logistical model controlling gender, overjet, and age. Results: the prevalence of mouth-breathing children was higher, which represents 47, 4 percent (p < 0. 05). However, no significant association could be made between mouth breathing and dentoalveolar trauma (OR: 1.875; IC95 percent:0.866-4.058; p > 0. 05) and neither for any of the covariates in this model. Conclusions: breathing through the oral cavity does not constitute an increased risk of dentoalveolar trauma over a bump or fall in children aged 6 to 14 years(AU)