RESUMO
Comfort index and environmental variables are indicators of thermal stress conditions inside a livestock facility.The environmental conditions of ten different constructive typologies of swine-production facilities with natural ventilation were characterized in a tropical country (Antioquia, Colombia). Temperature and humidity index (THI), enthalpy (H), animal surface temperature (ST), light intensity, and noise level were measured and computed for each typology, which were located at heights above sea levels between 8:00-23:00. Data was analyzed as a function of each typology, geographical altitude, and time of the day. It was employed descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and contour maps to analyze the data. It was found that more than 80% of the typologies presented moderate or critical stress conditions associated with the construction typology, not suitable THI and light intensity values, especially in warm and mild-mild climates. Showing high special variability inside the facilities. New typological designs and bioclimatic conditioning for swine facilities need to be studied to be implemented in these climatic conditions.
Assuntos
Animais , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos da radiação , Suínos/fisiologia , Suínos/metabolismoRESUMO
Comfort index and environmental variables are indicators of thermal stress conditions inside a livestock facility.The environmental conditions of ten different constructive typologies of swine-production facilities with natural ventilation were characterized in a tropical country (Antioquia, Colombia). Temperature and humidity index (THI), enthalpy (H), animal surface temperature (ST), light intensity, and noise level were measured and computed for each typology, which were located at heights above sea levels between 8:00-23:00. Data was analyzed as a function of each typology, geographical altitude, and time of the day. It was employed descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and contour maps to analyze the data. It was found that more than 80% of the typologies presented moderate or critical stress conditions associated with the construction typology, not suitable THI and light intensity values, especially in warm and mild-mild climates. Showing high special variability inside the facilities. New typological designs and bioclimatic conditioning for swine facilities need to be studied to be implemented in these climatic conditions.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/metabolismo , Suínos/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
A study was conducted to compare the adaptive ability of three indigenous goat breeds (Osmanabadi,Malabari, and Salem Black) to heat stress. The primary objective of the study was to assess the thermo-tolerant ability of these breeds to heat stress based on the changes in their blood biochemical response and aldosterone concentration. Thirty six-ten months to one year old female goats were randomly allocated into six groups of six animals each as OCON (n=6; Osmanabadi control), OHS (n=6; Osmanabadi heat stress), MCON (n=6; Malabari control), MHS (n=6; Malabari heat stress), SCON (n=6; Salem Black control) and SHS (n=6; Salem Black heat stress). The OCON, MCON, and SCON animals were maintained in the shed while OHS, MHS, and SHS animals were exposed to summer heat stress between 10:00 h to 16:00 h. All the animals had access to ad-libitum feed and water. The duration of the study was 45 days. The results indicated that breed differences (P < 0.01) were established for the levels of plasma glucose, total protein, albumin, and globulin. However, heat stress treatment did not influence these variables. Further, heat stress significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma cholesterol only in the MHS group. Besides, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, plasma urea, and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) did not show any significant variation both among and within the breed for the treatment. However, plasma triglyceride was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in both OHS and SHS groups as compared to their respective control groups. Further, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed significant variation for the breed (P < 0.05) as well as treatment (P < 0.05) with a higher concentration in the OHS group. Among the breeds, heat stress induced lower (P < 0.05) plasma aldosterone was established only in the MHS group. Thus, it can be concluded from the results that the Malabari breed which was well known for its survival in a harsh environment in its native tract could not adapt well to the [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ruminantes/sangue , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos da radiação , Aldosterona/análiseRESUMO
The objective of this review article is to discuss and analyze the most important scientific findings from studies of vascular microcirculation in the river buffalo using infrared thermography (IRT), as well as the thermal windows utilizedwith this species. The goals are to define the scope and areas of opportunity for IRT use in evaluating physiological processes and identifying potential applications in reproductive events associated with andrological traits inmales and the detection of estrus and udder health in females. IRT has allowed the development of diverse perspectives regarding the comparative physiology of events likethermogenesis, peripheral blood flow, respiratory physiology, and mechanisms that reduce body temperature. The case of the river buffalo is no exception. According to the information analyzed, the temperatures of the orbital area, muzzle, andvulva have proven efficient for evaluating thermal comfort, a particularly important aspect of this species given its limited thermoregulating capacity and constant exposure to extremetemperatures. Evaluating scrotal temperature has been revealed as an appropriate tool for evaluating semen quality, while the surface temperature of the udder is useful in assessing mammary development in female buffaloes, two aspects of great zootechnical importance. In future studies, IRT will play a fundamental role in enhancing our understanding of the river buffalo's mechanisms of vascular microcirculation, with applications in productivity and behavior.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Bovinos , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Termografia/tendências , Termografia/veterinária , Búfalos/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
The objective of this review article is to discuss and analyze the most important scientific findings from studies of vascular microcirculation in the river buffalo using infrared thermography (IRT), as well as the thermal windows utilizedwith this species. The goals are to define the scope and areas of opportunity for IRT use in evaluating physiological processes and identifying potential applications in reproductive events associated with andrological traits inmales and the detection of estrus and udder health in females. IRT has allowed the development of diverse perspectives regarding the comparative physiology of events likethermogenesis, peripheral blood flow, respiratory physiology, and mechanisms that reduce body temperature. The case of the river buffalo is no exception. According to the information analyzed, the temperatures of the orbital area, muzzle, andvulva have proven efficient for evaluating thermal comfort, a particularly important aspect of this species given its limited thermoregulating capacity and constant exposure to extremetemperatures. Evaluating scrotal temperature has been revealed as an appropriate tool for evaluating semen quality, while the surface temperature of the udder is useful in assessing mammary development in female buffaloes, two aspects of great zootechnical importance. In future studies, IRT will play a fundamental role in enhancing our understanding of the river buffalo's mechanisms of vascular microcirculation, with applications in productivity and behavior.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Búfalos/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos da radiação , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Termografia/tendências , Termografia/veterináriaRESUMO
A study was conducted to compare the adaptive ability of three indigenous goat breeds (Osmanabadi,Malabari, and Salem Black) to heat stress. The primary objective of the study was to assess the thermo-tolerant ability of these breeds to heat stress based on the changes in their blood biochemical response and aldosterone concentration. Thirty six-ten months to one year old female goats were randomly allocated into six groups of six animals each as OCON (n=6; Osmanabadi control), OHS (n=6; Osmanabadi heat stress), MCON (n=6; Malabari control), MHS (n=6; Malabari heat stress), SCON (n=6; Salem Black control) and SHS (n=6; Salem Black heat stress). The OCON, MCON, and SCON animals were maintained in the shed while OHS, MHS, and SHS animals were exposed to summer heat stress between 10:00 h to 16:00 h. All the animals had access to ad-libitum feed and water. The duration of the study was 45 days. The results indicated that breed differences (P < 0.01) were established for the levels of plasma glucose, total protein, albumin, and globulin. However, heat stress treatment did not influence these variables. Further, heat stress significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma cholesterol only in the MHS group. Besides, albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, plasma urea, and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) did not show any significant variation both among and within the breed for the treatment. However, plasma triglyceride was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in both OHS and SHS groups as compared to their respective control groups. Further, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed significant variation for the breed (P < 0.05) as well as treatment (P < 0.05) with a higher concentration in the OHS group. Among the breeds, heat stress induced lower (P < 0.05) plasma aldosterone was established only in the MHS group. Thus, it can be concluded from the results that the Malabari breed which was well known for its survival in a harsh environment in its native tract could not adapt well to the [...]
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Aldosterona/análise , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos da radiação , Ruminantes/sangueRESUMO
Heat stress is one of the most crucial issues in broiler production, particularly in tropical regions. Thermal stress may pose several problems related to growth, feed intake,nutrient utilization, physiological condition, immune function, intestinal ecology, and morphology as well as the antioxidantsystem in the body of chickens. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is rich in curcumin, which can serve as an antioxidant. Being partof the nutritional interventions, treatment using turmeric has been documented to alleviate the negative impact of heatstress on broiler chickens, in terms of production, physiology, immunology, and antioxidant status of broilers. The presentreview elucidates the alleviation of heat stress in broiler chicken using turmeric based on the most recent literature.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos da radiação , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas/imunologia , Galinhas/fisiologia , Curcuma/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Elevation of scrotal temperature may be injurious to spermatogenesis and leading cause male infertility. Scrotal heat stress reduces the number and motility of spermatozoa, fertilization ability of the surviving sperm and poor fertilization-embryo. This study was designed to investigate the effect of heat stress (at 37 ºC, 40 ºC and 43 ºC) on histopathological features of testicular tissue in scrotal heatexposed male mice. Experimental and control groups were sacrificed after completion of five weeks heat exposureperiod. The testes were fixed and stained hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of histopathological alterations and spermatogenesis accordingto Johnson scoring system. The results indicated that mice exposed to heat-stress mice exhibited degenerated anddisorganized features of spermatogenic epithelium and reduced spermatogenic cells. Heat stress exposure (40 ºC and43 ºC) shows the significantly reduced Johnson score compared to the control condition (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001,respectively). Meanwhile, scrotal heat exposure at 37 ºC did not reach significantly changes in Johnsen's testicularhistopathological score. The seminiferous tubule structure and spermatogenesis were completely disrupted in mice exposedto 43 °C. Percentage of high Johnsen score point was decreased in mice in heat-stress exposure group, while the ratio of low Johnsen score points was gradually increase. Spermatogenesis in male mice exposed to chronic scrotal heatstress is disrupted at 43 °C. In conclusion, this study attempted to develop an animal model for studying the male reproductivesystem. Johnsen scores system was standardized to assess murine testicular histopathology in the seminiferous tubulecross-section. Collectively, these results indicated a negative impact on histopathological alterations and spermatogenesis arrest following chronic scrotal heat stress.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos da radiação , Testículo/anormalidades , Testículo/patologia , Testículo/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Elevation of scrotal temperature may be injurious to spermatogenesis and leading cause male infertility. Scrotal heat stress reduces the number and motility of spermatozoa, fertilization ability of the surviving sperm and poor fertilization-embryo. This study was designed to investigate the effect of heat stress (at 37 ºC, 40 ºC and 43 ºC) on histopathological features of testicular tissue in scrotal heatexposed male mice. Experimental and control groups were sacrificed after completion of five weeks heat exposureperiod. The testes were fixed and stained hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of histopathological alterations and spermatogenesis accordingto Johnson scoring system. The results indicated that mice exposed to heat-stress mice exhibited degenerated anddisorganized features of spermatogenic epithelium and reduced spermatogenic cells. Heat stress exposure (40 ºC and43 ºC) shows the significantly reduced Johnson score compared to the control condition (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001,respectively). Meanwhile, scrotal heat exposure at 37 ºC did not reach significantly changes in Johnsen's testicularhistopathological score. The seminiferous tubule structure and spermatogenesis were completely disrupted in mice exposedto 43 °C. Percentage of high Johnsen score point was decreased in mice in heat-stress exposure group, while the ratio of low Johnsen score points was gradually increase. Spermatogenesis in male mice exposed to chronic scrotal heatstress is disrupted at 43 °C. In conclusion, this study attempted to develop an animal model for studying the male reproductivesystem. Johnsen scores system was standardized to assess murine testicular histopathology in the seminiferous tubulecross-section. Collectively, these results indicated a negative impact on histopathological alterations and spermatogenesis arrest following chronic scrotal heat stress.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Camundongos , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/efeitos da radiação , Testículo/anormalidades , Testículo/efeitos da radiação , Testículo/patologiaRESUMO
Heat stress is one of the most crucial issues in broiler production, particularly in tropical regions. Thermal stress may pose several problems related to growth, feed intake,nutrient utilization, physiological condition, immune function, intestinal ecology, and morphology as well as the antioxidantsystem in the body of chickens. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is rich in curcumin, which can serve as an antioxidant. Being partof the nutritional interventions, treatment using turmeric has been documented to alleviate the negative impact of heatstress on broiler chickens, in terms of production, physiology, immunology, and antioxidant status of broilers. The presentreview elucidates the alleviation of heat stress in broiler chicken using turmeric based on the most recent literature.