RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To understand the intervening factors in the process of reference and counter-reference of the individual with heart disease in the scenario of high complexity in the health care network. METHOD: Research anchored in the Grounded Theory (Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados). It totaled 21 participants. The data collection scenario was a cardiovascular reference hospital in the south of Brazil and occurred between March and June 2014. RESULTS: The intervening factors in the reference process were the difficulty to access the points of the network and telemedicine and the central to manage the flow of patients in the network. In the counter-reference, there was a link with the hospital and the lack of communication among network professionals. CONCLUSION: It reveals the need to reorganize the service flow in HCN, enhancing PHC, expanding the performance of medium complexity and increasing the capacity of high complexity in order to carry out the process of reference and counter-reference.
Assuntos
Revascularização Miocárdica/efeitos adversos , Revascularização Miocárdica/psicologia , Brasil , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/psicologia , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/normas , Teoria Fundamentada , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodos , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the intervening factors in the process of reference and counter-reference of the individual with heart disease in the scenario of high complexity in the health care network. Method: Research anchored in the Grounded Theory (Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados). It totaled 21 participants. The data collection scenario was a cardiovascular reference hospital in the south of Brazil and occurred between March and June 2014. Results: The intervening factors in the reference process were the difficulty to access the points of the network and telemedicine and the central to manage the flow of patients in the network. In the counter-reference, there was a link with the hospital and the lack of communication among network professionals. Conclusion: It reveals the need to reorganize the service flow in HCN, enhancing PHC, expanding the performance of medium complexity and increasing the capacity of high complexity in order to carry out the process of reference and counter-reference.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender los factores interventores en el proceso de referencia y contrarreferencia del individuo con cardiopatía en el escenario de la alta complejidad en la red de atención a la salud. Métodos: Investigación anclada en la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos. Totalizó a 21 participantes. El escenario de recolección de datos fue un hospital referencia cardiovascular en el sur de Brasil y ocurrió entre marzo y junio de 2014. Resultados: Se evidencia como factores interventores en el proceso de referencia la dificultad del acceso a los puntos de la red y la telemedicina y la central de regulación para gestión del flujo de pacientes en la red. En la contrarreferencia, el vínculo con el hospital y la ausencia de comunicación entre los profesionales de la red. Conclusión: Se revela la necesidad de reorganización del flujo de atención en la RAS, potenciando la APS, expandiendo la actuación de la media complejidad y ampliando la capacidad de la alta complejidad a fin de ejecutar el proceso de referencia y contrarreferencia.
RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os fatores interventores no processo de referência e contrarreferência do indivíduo com cardiopatia no cenário da alta complexidade na rede de atenção à saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa ancorada na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Totalizou 21 participantes. O cenário de coleta de dados foi um hospital referência cardiovascular no sul do Brasil e ocorreu entre março e junho de 2014. Resultados: Evidencia-se como fatores interventores no processo de referência a dificuldade de acesso aos pontos da rede e a telemedicina e a central de regulação para gestão do fluxo de pacientes na rede. Na contrarreferência, o vínculo com o hospital e a ausência de comunicação entre os profissionais da rede. Conclusão: Revela a necessidade de reorganização do fluxo de atendimento na RAS, potencializando a APS, expandindo a atuação da média complexidade e ampliando a capacidade da alta complexidade a fim de efetivar o processo de referência e contrarreferência.
Assuntos
Humanos , Revascularização Miocárdica/efeitos adversos , Revascularização Miocárdica/psicologia , Brasil , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/normas , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/psicologia , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Teoria Fundamentada , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the quality of life of patients who underwent revascularization surgery. METHOD: a descriptive, cross sectional study, with quantitative approach carried out with 75 patients. The questionnaire WHOQOL-Bref was used to evaluate the quality of life (QOL). RESULTS: patients' QOL evaluation presented a moderate result, with need of improvement of all domains. Low income patients had the worst evaluation of QOL in the domain environment (p=0,021), and the ones from Recife/metropolitan area, in the domain social relationship (p=0,021). Smoker (p=0,047), diabetic (p=0,002) and alcohol consumption (p=0,035) patients presented the worst evaluation of the physical domain. Renal patients presented the worst evaluation of QOL in the physical (P=0,037), psychological (p=0,008), social relationship (p=0,006) domains and total score (p=0,009). CONCLUSION: the improvement of QOL depends on the individual's process of behavioral change and the participation of health professionals is essential to formulate strategies to approach these patients, especially concerning health education.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/normas , Revascularização Miocárdica/psicologia , Revascularização Miocárdica/reabilitação , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of patients who underwent revascularization surgery. Method: a descriptive, cross sectional study, with quantitative approach carried out with 75 patients. The questionnaire WHOQOL-Bref was used to evaluate the quality of life (QOL). Results: patients' QOL evaluation presented a moderate result, with need of improvement of all domains. Low income patients had the worst evaluation of QOL in the domain environment (p=0,021), and the ones from Recife/metropolitan area, in the domain social relationship (p=0,021). Smoker (p=0,047), diabetic (p=0,002) and alcohol consumption (p=0,035) patients presented the worst evaluation of the physical domain. Renal patients presented the worst evaluation of QOL in the physical (P=0,037), psychological (p=0,008), social relationship (p=0,006) domains and total score (p=0,009). Conclusion: the improvement of QOL depends on the individual's process of behavioral change and the participation of health professionals is essential to formulate strategies to approach these patients, especially concerning health education.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo llevado a cabo con 75 pacientes. Se empleó el cuestionario WHOQOL-Bref para evaluar la calidad de vida (CV). Resultados: Los pacientes tuvieron CV regular, necesitando mejoras en todos los dominios. Los pacientes de baja renta presentaron peores índices de CV en el dominio medioambiental (p=0,021), así como presentaron los provenientes de la ciudad de Recife y región en el dominio relaciones sociales (p=0,021). Los pacientes fumadores (p=0,047), diabéticos (p=0,002) y de la clase alta (p=0,035) tuvieron peores valores de CV en el dominio físico. Los pacientes con problemas renales presentaron peores índices de CV en los dominios físico (p=0,037), psicológico (p=0,008), relaciones sociales (p=0,006) y en el puntaje total (p=0,009). Conclusión: para mejorar la CV hay que cambiar la conducta individual, y es muy importante la participación de los profesionales de salud en la planificación de estrategias de abordaje a estos pacientes, en especial en la educación en salud.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 75 pacientes. Foi utilizado o questionário WHOQOL-Bref para avaliação da qualidade de vida (QV). Resultados: Pacientes apresentaram avaliação da QV regular, com necessidade de melhora em todos os domínios. Pacientes de baixa renda tiveram pior avaliação da QV no domínio meio ambiente (p=0,021), e os procedentes de Recife/região metropolitana, no domínio relações sociais (p=0,021). Pacientes tabagistas (p=0,047), diabéticos (p=0,002) e etilistas (p=0,035) apresentaram pior avaliação da QV no domínio físico. Pacientes renais apresentaram pior avaliação da QV nos domínios físico (P=0,037), psicológico (p=0,008), relações sociais (p=0,006) e no escore total (p=0,009). Conclusão: a melhoria da QV depende de um processo de mudança de comportamento individual e a participação dos profissionais de saúde é essencial para elaborar estratégias de abordagem desses pacientes, principalmente no tocante à educação em saúde.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/normas , Revascularização Miocárdica/psicologia , Revascularização Miocárdica/reabilitação , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Objective: recognizing the expectations of patients submitted to myocardium revascularization surgery at the time of hospital discharge. Method: a descriptive-exploratory study of aqualitative approach carried out with ten patients in post-operative myocardium revascularization surgery of a university hospital in the south of Brazil. The data were collected from July to August, 2012, through a semi-structured interview and were analyzed based on content analysis. Results: the results were grouped into a category that focuses on patients ' expectations facing the recovery process and returning to daily activities. It was found out that this phase is challenging for the subjects, in special with feelings of anxiety and worry about the future, besides having weaknesses in relation to the knowledge about changes of habits imposed by the process of illness. Conclusions: surgery causes a significant impact on the patients lives, thus being necessary the effective intervention by the nursing staff, in order to optimizing the recovery process.
Objetivo: conhecer as expectativas de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio no momento da alta hospitalar. Método:estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com dez pacientes pós-cirúrgicos de revascularização miocárdica de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de julho a agosto de 2012, utilizando-se entrevista semiestruturada e analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os resultados foram agrupados em uma categoria que versa sobre as expectativas dos pacientes frente ao processo de recuperação e retorno às atividades diárias. Evidenciou-se que essa fase mostra-se desafiadora para os sujeitos, sobressaindo-se sentimentos de ansiedade e preocupação com o futuro, além de terem fragilidades em relação ao conhecimento sobre as mudanças de hábitos impostas pelo processo de adoecimento. Conclusões: a cirurgia provoca um impacto significativo na vida dos pacientes, sendo necessária a intervenção efetiva da enfermagem, a fim de otimizar o processo de recuperação.
Assuntos
Humanos , Alta do Paciente , Cardiomiopatias/psicologia , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Revascularização Miocárdica/enfermagem , Revascularização Miocárdica/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery disease constitutes a public health issue involving high mortality rates. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feelings and perception of patients hospitalized before myocardial revascularization and to explore doctor-patient interactions before cardiac surgery with special attention to existential challenges. STUDY DESIGN: A qualitative, exploratory study involving patients admitted to a university teaching hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, awaiting myocardial revascularization. METHODS: The data were obtained from in-depth interviews that followed a previously defined script based on the study objectives. The data collected at each interview were allocated into content blocks in common with the selected categories and illustrated by quotations from the patients' speech. Twelve patients were interviewed. Data collection was closed when saturation was achieved, in the sense that new main issues did not appear in subsequent dialogues. RESULTS: The various strategies used by the patients to administer their emotions during the period preceding myocardial revascularization highlight the importance that factors of a subjective nature acquire at this specific time in their lives. The patients recognized the benefit of being able to discuss their heart problems as a means of diminishing their fear and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: It is vital for the medical team to be more supportive and understanding concerning the emotions experienced by the patients in the period preceding myocardial revascularization. This study emphasizes the importance of the task of helping patients administer their perceptions and feelings and even planning their life while awaiting myocardial revascularization.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/psicologia , Emoções , Revascularização Miocárdica/psicologia , Pensamento , Tempo para o Tratamento , Adaptação Psicológica , Brasil , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Negação em Psicologia , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , ReligiãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To understand the meanings for the process of living, for patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery, and to construct an explanatory theoretical model. METHOD: Grounded Theory was used, with data collection undertaken between October 2010 and May 2012, in a health institution which specializes in cardiac surgery, located in the south of Brazil. Thirty-three subjects were interviewed (patients, health care professionals and family members), distributed in four sample groups. RESULT: The explanatory theoretical model was comprised of 11 categories and the central phenomenon. The specialized service and the cardiac rehabilitation program formed the context, the discovery of the cardiac disease and the feelings experienced during the perioperative period were the cause and intervening conditions in the process of experiencing the myocardial revascularization surgery. The strategies were relying on the family's support, having faith and hope, and participating in the rehabilitation program. This process's main consequences were the confrontation of the changes and the resulting limitations, difficulties and adaptations to the new lifestyle after surgery. CONCLUSION: The process of experiencing the myocardial revascularization surgery constitutes an opportunity for maintaining the patient's life associated with the needs for confronting the significant changes in lifestyle.
Assuntos
Revascularização Miocárdica/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To understand the meanings for the process of living, for patients undergoing myocardial revascularization surgery, and to construct an explanatory theoretical model. METHOD: Grounded Theory was used, with data collection undertaken between October 2010 and May 2012, in a health institution which specializes in cardiac surgery, located in the south of Brazil. Thirty-three subjects were interviewed (patients, health care professionals and family members), distributed in four sample groups. Result: The explanatory theoretical model was comprised of 11 categories and the central phenomenon. The specialized service and the cardiac rehabilitation program formed the context, the discovery of the cardiac disease and the feelings experienced during the perioperative period were the cause and intervening conditions in the process of experiencing the myocardial revascularization surgery. The strategies were relying on the family's support, having faith and hope, and participating in the rehabilitation program. This process's main consequences were the confrontation of the changes and the resulting limitations, difficulties and adaptations to the new lifestyle after surgery. CONCLUSION: The process of experiencing the myocardial revascularization surgery constitutes an opportunity for maintaining the patient's life associated with the needs for confronting the significant changes in lifestyle.
OBJETIVO: compreender os significados sobre o processo de viver para pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, e construir um modelo teórico explicativo. MÉTODO: utilizou-se a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, com coleta dos dados realizada de outubro/2010 a maio/2012, numa instituição de saúde referência em cirurgia cardíaca, localizada no Sul do Brasil. Entrevistaram-se 33 sujeitos (pacientes, profissionais de saúde e familiares), distribuídos em 4 grupos amostrais. RESULTADO: o modelo teórico explicativo foi constituído por 11 categorias e pelo fenômeno central. O serviço de referência e o programa de reabilitação cardíaca formaram o contexto, a descoberta da doença cardíaca e os sentimentos vivenciados, durante o período perioeratório, foram causa e condições interventoras no processo de viver a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio. As estratégias foram contar com apoio da família, ter fé, esperança e participar do programa de reabilitação. As principais consequências desse processo foram o enfrentamento das mudanças e consequentes limitações, dificuldades e adaptações ao novo estilo de vida, após a cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: o processo de viver a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio se configura como oportunidade para a manutenção da vida do paciente, associada às necessidades de enfrentamento das significativas mudanças no estilo de vida.
OBJETIVO: Comprender los significados sobre el proceso de vivir para pacientes sometidos a la cirugía de Revascularización do Miocardio, y construir un modelo teorético explicativo. MÉTODO: se utilizó la Teoría Fundamentada en los datos con colecta realizada de octubre/2010 a la mayo/2012, en una institución de salud referencia en cirugía cardíaca localizada al sur de Brasil. Se entrevistó 33 sujetos (pacientes, profesionales de salud y familiares), distribuidos en 4 grupos de la muestra. RESULTADO: El modelo teorético explicativo fue constituido por 11 categorías y por el fenómeno central. El servicio de referencia y el programa de rehabilitación cardíaca formaron el contexto, el hallazgo de la enfermedad cardíaca y los sentimientos vividos durante período pre-operatorio fueron causa y condiciones interventoras en el proceso de vivir la cirugía de revascularización del miocardio. Las estrategias fueron a contar con apoyo de la familia, tener fe, esperanza y participar del programa de rehabilitación. Las principales consecuencias de este proceso fueron el enfrentamiento de los cambios y consecuentes limitaciones, dificultades y adaptaciones al nuevo estilo de vida después de la cirugía. CONCLUSIÓN: El proceso de vivir la cirugía de revascularización del miocardio se configura como una oportunidad para el mantenimiento de la vida del paciente asociada a las necesidades de enfrentamiento de los significativos cambios en el estilo de vida.
Assuntos
Humanos , Revascularização Miocárdica/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Persistence of depressive symptoms after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an adverse outcome. The relationship between depression and Invasive Revascularization Therapy (IRT) is not yet fully understood. AIM: To compare the frequency of depressive symptoms and other psychosocial variables among patients with MI, undergoing or not undergoing IRT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective evaluation of 45 patients aged 58 +/- 11 years (87% males) with a diagnosis of MI (Killip I and II). On admission to hospital and at follow up 3 months after discharge, all patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Zung Anxiety Inventory (ASI), and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) social support survey. Depressive symptoms were considered to be present if the BDI score was over 10. RESULTS: Thirty seven percent were hypertensive, 15% diabetic and 44% smokers. Sixty four percent of patients underwent IRT (11.1% revascularization surgery and 53.3% coronary angioplasty). Forty four percent of patients scored over 10 in the BDI at baseline assessment and 26.5% at 3 months follow-up (p < 0.01). At baseline BDI score was 10.2 +/- 5.1 and 9.1 +/- 4.4 among patients subjected or not subjected to IRT, respectively (NS). The figures at 3 months of follow up were 9.9 +/- 5.6 and 4.1 +/- 2.5, respectively (p < 0.01). At baseline and three months BDI, anxiety and perceived social support were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms were frequent after MI in this group of patients, and decreased at follow up only among patients not subjected to IRT.
Assuntos
Depressão/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/psicologia , Revascularização Miocárdica/psicologia , Doença Aguda , Chile/epidemiologia , Depressão/etiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Revascularização Miocárdica/efeitos adversos , Revascularização Miocárdica/estatística & dados numéricos , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
The objective was to evaluate the influence of the Nursing Consultation Protocol in aspects of anxiety and depression in patients after myocardial revascularization using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD). A randomized clinical trial developed in the outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Fortaleza-Ceará. One hundred and forty six patients, who underwent myocardial revascularization, composed the population, providing the sample of 39 patients in the control group (CG) and 39 in the intervention group (IG). The results were presented in tables. Anxiety had a mean of 5.41 in the CG and a median of 5 and a mean in the IG of 5.21 and a median of 4. Depression predominated in the CG, with a mean 4.82 and a median of 4, while the IG had a mean of 3.79 and a median of 3. It was found that people monitored in accordance with the Nursing Consultation Protocol had a lower percentage of anxiety and depression after six months.