RESUMO

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com o objetivo de verificar as opiniões, as emoções e os sentimentos de mulheres laqueadas acerca da expectativa pelo tratamento de reprodução humana assistida num ambulatório especializado. As entrevistas foram realizadas em um hospital da rede pública de saúde, na Região Sudeste do Brasil, São Paulo, com 16 mulheres esterilizadas. Como resultados, as seguintes temáticas foram as mais frequentes: ansiedade, assombro do tempo e "des-atenção" dos profissionais de saúde, que foram vivenciados nos momentos em que os sentimentos de solidão e abandono se mostraram mais agudos sob a perspectiva das mulheres. Do estudo emerge a necessidade de se pensar estratégias de atenção e cuidado junto a essa população específica no campo da saúde, visando melhorar seu conforto emocional por meio de um diálogo franco entre mulheres e profissionais de saúde.

This paper aimed to investigate the opinions, emotions and feelings of sterilized women awaiting assisted human reproduction treatment in a specialized sector of a public hospital. Sixteen sterilized women were interviewed in the health care department of a public hospital in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, as to their experiences while they had been awaiting treatment. The feelings referred to were: anxiety, the fear of taking up the time of the health personnel, and fear of their dis-attention, experienced during the moments when the women's feelings of loneliness and abandonment became most acute. It is evident from this study that there is a need to create strategies to guarantee that this specific population in the health field receive adequate attention and care, with a view to ensuring their emotional comfort, through a straightforward dialogue among women and healthcare professionals.

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A case-control study was carried out at a public teaching hospital in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil in 1997 to investigate risk factors among women who feel regret after undergoing sterilization through tubal ligation. The study compared sterilized women who had requested or undergone a tubal reversal with women who were also sterilized but had not undergone this surgery, nor had requested to do so. Women showing a significantly greater probability of regret were those sterilized at a young age, those who had not themselves made the decision to undergo surgery , those for whom the sterilization was carried out up to the 45th day after childbirth and those who had acquired knowledge about contraceptive methods after the tubal ligation procedure. Having had a deceased child, a partner with no children prior to the current union or a change of partner after the tubal sterilization procedure were also associated to the request for or submission to tubal sterilization reversal. It is necessary to assess women's psycho-socio-demographic profiles, their reasons for requesting tubal ligation and to advise the patient about family planning in order to reduce rates of post-sterilization regret.

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RESUMO

A case-control study was carried out at a public teaching hospital in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil in 1997 to investigate risk factors among women who feel regret after undergoing sterilization through tubal ligation. The study compared sterilized women who had requested or undergone a tubal reversal with women who were also sterilized but had not undergone this surgery, nor had requested to do so. Women showing a significantly greater probability of regret were those sterilized at a young age, those who had not themselves made the decision to undergo surgery , those for whom the sterilization was carried out up to the 45th day after childbirth and those who had acquired knowledge about contraceptive methods after the tubal ligation procedure. Having had a deceased child, a partner with no children prior to the current union or a change of partner after the tubal sterilization procedure were also associated to the request for or submission to tubal sterilization reversal. It is necessary to assess women's psycho-socio-demographic profiles, their reasons for requesting tubal ligation and to advise the patient about family planning in order to reduce rates of post-sterilization regret.

Um estudo do tipo caso controle foi conduzido em um hospital público de ensino no Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, em 1997, para investigar os fatores de risco para o arrependimento da realização da laqueadura tubária, comparando mulheres laqueadas que solicitaram ou realizaram a reversão da laqueadura tubária com mulheres também laqueadas que não solicitaram e não se submeteram a esta cirurgia. As mulheres que mostraram uma maior probabilidade de arrependimento foram as esterilizadas quando jovens, as que não foram responsáveis pela decisão da cirurgia, as que realizaram a esterilização até o 45º dia pós-parto e as que adquiriram informações sobre métodos contraceptivos depois da laqueadura tubária. Morte de filhos, parceiros sem filhos anteriores à união atual e a mudança de parceiro após a laqueadura tubária também estiveram associados com a solicitação ou realização de reversão da laqueadura. Deve-se avaliar o perfil psicológico e sócio-demográfico das mulheres e seus motivos para solicitar a laqueadura tubária e aconselhá-las para o planejamento familiar a fim de reduzir os riscos de arrependimento futuro.

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BACKGROUND: Brazil is a country with a high prevalence of tubal ligation, which is frequently performed at the time of delivery. In recent years, an increase in tubal reversal has been noticed, primarily among young women. OBJECTIVES: To study characteristics correlated with the procedure, determine frequency of intrapartum tubal ligation, measure patient satisfaction rates and tubal sterilization regret, in a sample of post-tubal patients. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-five women underwent tubal ligation. The variables studied were related to the procedure: age at tubal ligation, whether ligation was performed intrapartum (vaginal or cesarean section) or after an interval (other than the intrapartum and puerperal period), health service performing the sterilization, medical expenses paid for the procedure, reason stated for choosing the method and causes related to satisfaction/regret: desire to become pregnant after sterilization, search for treatment and performance of tubal ligation reversal. The women were divided into two groups, a group undergoing ligation in the intrapartum period and a second group ligated after an interval, to evaluate the association between variables by using Fisher's exact test and chi-squared calculation with Yates' correction. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. RESULTS: There was a predominance of Caucasian women over 35 years of age, married, and with a low level of education of which 43.5% had undergone sterilization before 30 years of age. Two hundred and forty-five women underwent intrapartum tubal ligation, 91.2% of them had cesarean delivery and 44.6% vaginal delivery. In both groups undergoing intrapartum tubal ligation and ligation after an interval, 82.0% and 80.8% reported satisfaction with the method. Although 14.6% expressed a desire to become pregnant at some time after sterilization, consultation regarding sterility occurred in 3.4% and 2.3%, respectively, and one woman underwent tubal reversal. The most frequent reasons for choosing the method were satisfaction with the number of offspring (35.5% and 46.7%) and medical indication (41.6% and 32.2%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of intrapartum tubal ligation was higher when the last delivery had been a cesarean section. No difference was detected among the groups regarding rates of satisfaction and regret after performance of the sterilization procedure.

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O Brasil é um dos países com alta prevalência de laqueadura tubária, sendo freqüente sua realização durante o parto. Nos últimos anos, tem-se notado aumento da busca por reversão, principalmente entre mulheres jovens. OBJETIVOS: Estudar, em amostra de mulheres laqueadas, as características relacionadas ao procedimento, determinar a freqüência de execução intraparto, medir as taxas de satisfação e arrependimento com o método. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistadas 335 mulheres laqueadas. As variáveis estudadas foram as relacionadas ao procedimento: idade na laqueadura, se intraparto (vaginal ou cesárea) ou de intervalo (fora do período de parto e puerpério), serviço no qual foi realizada, pagamento pelo procedimento, motivo declarado para a opção pelo método, e as relacionadas à satisfação/arrependimento: desejo de gravidez após esterilização, procura por tratamento e realização da cirurgia de reversão. As mulheres foram divididas em dois grupos, laqueadas intraparto e intervalo, avaliando-se associação das variáveis pelo teste Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado com correção de Yates. O estudo obteve aprovação do Comitê de Ética. RESULTADOS: Predominaram mulheres brancas, com mais de 35 anos, unidas, com baixa escolaridade e 43,5 por cento esterilizadas antes dos 30 anos. Haviam realizado laqueadura intraparto 245 mulheres, 91,2 por cento daquelas com parto cesárea e 44,6 por cento com parto vaginal. Nos dois grupos, laqueadas intraparto e de intervalo, estavam satisfeitas com o método 82 por cento e 80,8 por cento das mulheres respectivamente. Apesar de 14,6 por cento terem referido desejo de engravidar alguma vez após esterilização, consultaram por esterilidade 3,4 por cento e 2,3 por cento, respectivamente, e uma mulher submeteu-se à cirurgia de reversão. Os motivos mais freqüentes para a escolha do método foram a satisfação com a prole (35,5 por cento e 46,7 por cento) e a indicação médica (41,6 por cento e 32,2 por cento), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A laqueadura intraparto...

BACKGROUND: Brazil is a country with a high prevalence of tubal ligation, which is frequently performed at the time of delivery. In recent years, an increase in tubal reversal has been noticed, primarily among young women. OBJECTIVES: To study characteristics correlated with the procedure, determine frequency of intrapartum tubal ligation, measure patient satisfaction rates and tubal sterilization regret, in a sample of post-tubal patients. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-five women underwent tubal ligation. The variables studied were related to the procedure: age at tubal ligation, whether ligation was performed intrapartum (vaginal or cesarean section) or after an interval (other than the intrapartum and puerperal period), health service performing the sterilization, medical expenses paid for the procedure, reason stated for choosing the method and causes related to satisfaction/regret: desire to become pregnant after sterilization, search for treatment and performance of tubal ligation reversal. The women were divided into two groups, a group undergoing ligation in the intrapartum period and a second group ligated after an interval, to evaluate the association between variables by using Fisher's exact test and chi-squared calculation with Yates' correction. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. RESULTS: There was a predominance of Caucasian women over 35 years of age, married, and with a low level of education of which 43.5 percent had undergone sterilization before 30 years of age. Two hundred and forty-five women underwent intrapartum tubal ligation, 91.2 percent of them had cesarean delivery and 44.6 percent vaginal delivery. In both groups undergoing intrapartum tubal ligation and ligation after an interval, 82.0 percent and 80.8 percent reported satisfaction with the method. Although 14.6 percent expressed a desire to become pregnant at some time after sterilization, consultation regarding sterility occurred in 3.4 percent...

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RESUMO

A laqueadura tubária foi um dos métodos contraceptivos cuja adoção mais cresceu no Brasil, porém, um número cada vez maior de mulheres tem-se mostrado arrependida da cirurgia. Um estudo do tipo caso controle foi conduzido no Centro Integrado de Saúde Amaury de Medeiros (CISAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, em 1997 para investigar a associação das mudanças na estrutura familiar com a solicitação ou realização da cirurgia de reversão de laqueadura tubária, comparando 304 mulheres laqueadas que solicitaram/realizaram a reversão de laqueadura tubária, com 304 mulheres também laqueadas que não solicitaram, não se submeteram e nem desejavam esta cirurgia. Estimaram-se os odds ratio simples e ajustados, utilizando-se regressão logística. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que morte de filhos, parceiros sem filhos anteriores à união atual e a mudança de parceiro após a laqueadura tubária estiveram associados com a solicitação ou realização de reversão da laqueadura tubária. Sugere-se maior critério na indicação da laqueadura tubária, devendo-se conhecer os motivos e o perfil da mulher que está solicitando esta cirurgia e identificar os riscos de arrependimento futuro.

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Tubal sterilization is one of the contraceptive methods whose use has increased the most in Brazil, but a growing number of women have expressed regret after the procedure. A case-control study was conducted at the Centro Integrado de Saúde Amaury de Medeiros (CISAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, in 1997 to investigate the association between changes in family structure and request for or submittal to surgical reversal of tubal sterilization, comparing 304 sterilized women who had requested or submitted to reversal of tubal sterilization and 304 women who were also sterilized but had not requested, had not submitted to, and who did not wish to submit to reversal. The simple and adjusted odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression. The results of the current study showed that death of children, partners without children prior to the current union, and partner change after tubal sterilization were associated with the request for or submittal to reversal of tubal sterilization. More strict criteria are suggested in the indication of tubal sterilization, including an in-depth profile of the woman requesting tubal sterilization and identification of risk factors for future regret.

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RETROSPECTIVA: A prevalência do uso da ligadura tubária no Brasil tem aumentado nas últimas décadas. Os procedimentos muitas vezes säo realizados em mulheres jovens e com desconhecimento a respeito de outros métodos anticoncepcionais, aumentando o risco de arrependimento. OBJETIVO: Comparar a prevalência de mulheres solicitando reversäo da ligadura em três períodos de tempo. PLANO DE ESTUDO: Estudo retrospectivo avaliando os pedidos de reversäo de ligadura em um serviço universitário terciário dentre as consultas de primeira vez por infertilidade em 3 períodos de 30 meses com 10 anos de diferença entre eles. RESULTADOS: No período de janeiro de 1978 a junho de 1980, 2,4 por cento das mulheres que consultaram eram laqueadas arrependidas, sendo que 10 anos mais tarde esta porcentagem aumentou para 12,4 por cento e para 13,8 por cento no período de janeiro de 1998 até junho de 2000. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência das solicitaçöes de reversäo é considerada alta, apesar de estar relativamente estável nos últimos 10 anos. Políticas adequadas de planejamento familiar, orientaçäo e educaçäo para médicos e populaçäo em geral sobre outros métodos eficazes, porém reversíveis podem diminuir a prevalência de solicitaçöes de reversäo de ligadura tubária por arrependimento

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Brazil has one of the highest prevalence rates of female surgical sterilization in the world. At the same time there is an increased demand for sterilization reversal. In order to understand which women tend to later request reversal of the procedure, a case-control study was carried out comparing 216 women who requested reversal with sterilized women who did not, paired by year of surgery. The relative risk of requesting reversal for women sterilized before age 25 was 18 times that of women sterilized after age 29. The elevated risk remained even after controlling for a number of variables present at the time of surgery. Multiple regression analysis showed that request for reversal was associated with younger age, less information about the procedure, and fewer contraceptive methods known before sterilization. These results support the recommendation that women should be fully informed about the tubal ligation procedure and have access to other contraceptive options before being sterilized.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the follow-up of a cohort of women who requested reversal of surgical sterilization. METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out at the State University of Campinas, Brazil. A cohort of 394 women who requested sterilization reversal was followed up for one year after reversal surgery. The analysis includes the percentage of women who completed the steps between the initial consultation up to one year after reversal surgery. RESULTS: After an initial consultation, 55.1% of the patients decided not to continue with the procedures. Of the patients who did undergo laparoscopy (n = 177), 48.6% had no possibility of a successful surgical reversal because the Fallopian tubes were in very poor condition. Only 17.5% of the initial patients requesting reversal ultimately underwent surgery and 3.3% became pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of regret about surgical sterilization should include not only women who undergo surgery but also women requesting surgery. Better patient selection and counseling prior to sterilization are necessary in order to prevent increasing rates of sterilization regret in Brazil.

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