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Background: Several studies have reported that marathon runners have a higher risk of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) post marathon than non-exercising controls. However, other studies did not find a higher risk of URTI in the same participants before and after a marathon, precluding a conclusive consensus. Besides the between-subjects effects, another important confounding factor in these results is the different pre and post follow-up time to track URTI. Objectives: Identify by meta-analysis whether a marathon Running increases the risk of URTI, adjusting the follow-up time to track URTI. Data sources: We searched for articles using MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EBSCOhost, combining the marathon and respiratory infection descriptor synonyms, on 1st December 2022. Eligibility criteria: The PICOS framework included human population, comparison between pre and post marathon running, of URTI symptoms (assessed from one to 4 weeks), in noncontrolled intervention studies. Data Synthesis: Because follow-up was longer before the marathon in many studies, we adjusted the number of subjects with infections before marathon to the equivalent post-marathon follow-up duration. There was 18% higher incidence of URTI post-marathon (OR 1.18 95%CI [1.05-1.33], p= 0.005) in a very consistent meta-analysis (I2 = 0%, p = 0.69), with no risk of publication bias (Egger test p-value = 0.82) for the 7 studies included. The main issues with quality of the studies were bias in measuring the outcome, bias in classification of intervention (participation in the marathon) and time-varying confounding (corrected for analysis), and therefore the quality of evidence was moderate (GRADE approach = 3). Limitations: The need for follow-up time adjustment is a limitation, since the number of URTI recorded could be different if the original studies had used the same follow-up time pre and post marathon. The subjectivity of the URTI assessments is another limitation in this field. Conclusions: There is an increased risk of URTI post marathon running and research on this topic to understand mechanisms might support runners to find efficient interventions to reduce this risk. Protocol: Protocol registration on in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42022380991.

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In 2022, Mexico registered an increase in dengue cases compared to the previous year. On the other hand, the amount of precipitation reported annually was slightly less than the previous year. Similarly, the minimum-mean-maximum temperatures recorded annually were below the previous year. In the literature, it is possible to find studies focused on the spread of dengue only for some specific regions of Mexico. However, given the increase in the number of cases during 2022 in regions not considered by previously published works, this study covers cases reported in all states of the country. On the other hand, determining a relationship between the dynamics of dengue cases and climatic factors through a computational model can provide relevant information on the transmission of the virus. A multiple-learning computational approach was developed to simulate the number of the different risks of dengue cases according to the classification reported per epidemiological week by considering climatic factors in Mexico. For the development of the model, the data were obtained from the reports published in the Epidemiological Panorama of Dengue in Mexico and in the National Meteorological Service. The classification of non-severe dengue, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue were modeled in parallel through an artificial neural network model. Five variables were considered to train the model: the monthly average of the minimum, mean, and maximum temperatures, the precipitation, and the number of the epidemiological week. The selection of variables in this work is focused on the spread of the different risks of dengue once the mosquito begins transmitting the virus. Therefore, temperature and precipitation were chosen as climatic factors due to the close relationship between the density of adult mosquitoes and the incidence of the disease. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was applied to fit the coefficients during the learning process. In the results, the ANN model simulated the classification of the different risks of dengue with the following precisions (R2): 0.9684, 0.9721, and 0.8001 for non-severe dengue, with alarm signs and severe, respectively. Applying a correlation matrix and a sensitivity analysis of the ANN model coefficients, both the average minimum temperature and precipitation were relevant to predict the number of dengue cases. Finally, the information discovered in this work can support the decision-making of the Ministry of Health to avoid a syndemic between the increase in dengue cases and other seasonal diseases.

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Introducción: El síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), de alta morbimortalidad, carece a la fecha de preparar esta revisión, de una terapia específica altamente eficaz. Famotidina se ha postulado como una opción terapéutica viable, basado en trabajos de cohorte retrospectiva y modelos computacionales guiados por inteligencia artificial. Objetivo: Recopilar la mejor evidencia científica disponible para determinar la efectividad y eficacia de famotidina en el tratamiento de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, para reducir el riesgo de progresión de la enfermedad, intubación, muerte y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane Central, de artículos originales que reporten las variables de interés asociadas al uso de famotidina en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID- 19. Los investigadores independientemente evaluaron y seleccionaron los estudios, se extrajeron los datos expuestos para las asociaciones de interés y se procesaron con el software Revman 5.3. Resultados: En la búsqueda se obtuvo un total de 126 artículos potenciales para la revisión, de los cuales 14 fueron seleccionados para el análisis. En el metaanálisis se incluyeron un total de 47.044 pacientes, de los cuales 6.647 fueron los usuarios de famotidina. El riesgo de intubación se vio reducido en el grupo no expuesto a famotidina, aunque sin significancia estadística, (RR 1,43 IC95% 0,42-4,83), en cuanto a la mortalidad no se evidenció reducción significativa en el grupo de famotidina (RR 0,95 IC 95% 0,70-1,29). Se observó reducción en el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria (DM -1,60 -2,89, -0,31) y finalmente se mostró que no hay presencia de asociación entre el uso de famotidina y el desenlace compuesto de reducción del riesgo de ingreso a UCI, intubación y muerte (RR 1,03 IC 95% 0,46-2,34). Conclusión: Famotidina no presenta efectividad ni eficacia en la reducción de riesgo de intubación o ingreso a UCI ni de mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. La eficacia en la reducción de la estancia hospitalaria no es consistente y se necesitan más ensayos clínicos con buena calidad metodológica para definirla.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with high morbidity and mortality, lacks, at the time of preparing this review, a highly effective specific therapy. Famotidine has been postulated as a viable therapeutic option, based on retrospective cohort investigations and computational models guided by artificial intelligence. Aim: The objective of this study was to compile the best scientific evidence available to determine the effectiveness and efficacy of famotidine in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of disease progression, intubation, death, and time to hospital stay. Methods: A search was carried out in PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Central Cochrane, for original articles that report the variables of interest associated with the use of famotidine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The investigators independently evaluated and selected the studies, the exposed data for the associations of interest were extracted and processed with Revman 5.3 software. Results: The search yielded a total of 126 potential articles for the review, of which 14 were selected for analysis. A total of 47,044 patients were included in the meta-analysis of which 6,647 were famotidine users. The risk of intubation was reduced in the group not exposed to famotidine, although without statistical significance (RR 1.43 IC95% 0.42 - 4.83), regarding mortality there was no significant reduction in the famotidine group (RR 0.95 IC 95 % 0.70-1.29). A reduction in the length of hospital stay was observed (MD -1.60 -2.89, -0.31) and finally it was shown that there is no association between the use of famotidine and the composite outcome of reduced risk of ICU admission, intubation and death. (RR 1.03 95% CI 0.46-2.34). Conclusion: Famotidine does not show effectiveness or efficacy in reducing the risk of intubation or ICU admission or mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The efficacy in reducing hospital stay is not consistent and more clinical trials with good methodological quality are needed to define it.

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Deborah Lupton é uma renomada acadêmica, cuja trajetória trouxe grandes contribuições para os estudos da sociologia digital e das dimensões socioculturais da medicina e da saúde pública. Em entrevista à Reciis, Lupton comenta sobre um dos principais desafios da contemporaneidade -a desinformação e as fake news- por meio da sociologia digital e aborda as perspectivas socioculturais do risco a partir do lançamento da terceira edição de seu livro Risk, em que traz um capítulo inédito sobre as problemáticas envolvendo o risco e a disseminação de desinformação durante a pandemia de covid-19. Com comentários sobre os cenários australiano e brasileiro, Lupton discorre sobre a questão do anticientificismo, do negacionismo e do papel ocasionado por governos populistas no combate à doença. Por fim, ela discorre sobre as potencialidades dos métodos criativos para os estudos qualitativos, especialmente naqueles que buscam entender as racionalidades, as lógicas e os sentimentos das pessoas

Deborah Lupton is a renowned academic whose research has made significant contributions to the field of digital sociology and the sociocultural dimensions of medicine and public health. In an interview with Reciis, Lupton discusses one of the main contemporary challenges - misinformation and fake news - through the lens of digital sociology and addresses the sociocultural perspectives of risk based on the release of the third edition of her book Risk. In this edition, she includes a new chapter on the issues related to risk and the spread of misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. With comments on the Australian and Brazilian scenarios, Lupton delves into the issues of anti-science, denialism, and the role played by populist governments in combating the disease. Finally, she explores the potential of creative methods in qualitative studies, especially those that seek to understand people's rationalities, logics, and feelings

Deborah Lupton es una académica de renombre, cuya trayectoria ha aportado grandes contribuciones a los estudios de sociología digital y a las dimensiones socioculturales de la medicina y la salud pública. En una entrevista con Reciis, Lupton comenta uno de los principales desafíos contemporáneos - la desinformación y las noticias falsas -, a través de la sociología digital, y aborda las perspectivas socioculturales del riesgo a partir del lanzamiento de la tercera edición de su libro Risk, en el que incluye un capítulo inédito sobre los problemas relacionados con el riesgo y la difusión de desinformación durante la pandemia de covid-19. Con comentarios sobre las situaciones en Australia y Brasil, Lupton habla sobre la cuestión del anticientificismo, el negacionismo y el papel desempeñado por los gobiernos populistas en la lucha contra la enfermedad. Finalmente, ella reflexiona sobre las posibilidades de los métodos creativos en los estudios cualitativos, especialmente en aquellos que buscan comprender las racionalidades, lógicas y sentimientos de las personas.

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La fiebre en niños menores de 5 años es considerada a nivel mundial como un signo de alarma ante las múltiples enfermedades, en especial de infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRAS) y enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDAS). El Foro de las Sociedades Respiratorias Internacionales (2017), afirmó que "las IRAS como primera causa de morbimortalidad con 4 millones de defunciones ocurridos anualmente" y EDAS la segunda causa de muerte con una mortalidad de 525.000 en niños menores de 5 años en cada año y 1700 millones de casos de enfermedades diarreicas infantiles cada año. Según la OMS (2018), "América Latina y el Caribe son de las regiones más diversas del mundo, al mismo tiempo son regiones donde se evidencian mayores disparidades socioeconómicas, es por ello que la OPS indica la necesidad de crear políticas de salud para estas poblaciones. En Bolivia existen 36 diferentes naciones o pueblos indígenas originarios y campesinos, reconocidos por la Constitución Política del Estado" el acceso a la salud de estas poblaciones es limitado y las condiciones en las que viven afecta particularmente la salud de los niños, quienes con frecuencia padecen enfermedades infecciosas que cursan con fiebre, misma que si no es manejada de forma adecuada oportuna puede desencadenar complicaciones que pone en peligro su vida, es por eso que en muchas regiones rurales las madres recurren a diversas prácticas naturales o culturales para el manejo de la fiebre, lo que no siempre es recomendable ya que se debe indagar la causa de la misma y realizar un tratamiento etiológico

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Sobre el tema COVID-19 se han publicado múltiples estudios que reflejan su elevada incidencia, transmisibilidad, morbilidad y mortalidad, con gran repercusión y severidad en los grupos poblacionales de riesgo. El embarazo no escapa a ello, y la inmunosupresión fisiológica que se presenta en esta condición, hace a la gestante y al neonato, ser más susceptibles a las enfermedades infecciosas. El objetivo de esta comunicación es profundizar en la fisiopatología y la repercusión de la enfermedad COVID-19 en las gestantes y el neonato, para mejorar el conocimiento relacionado con el tema, el cual repercutirá en un mejor manejo de estos pacientes. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de investigaciones publicadas en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2021, en las bases de datos: SciELO, SCOPUS, Medline, Dialnet, Cumed y Lilacs. De los 44 artículos obtenidos inicialmente, 33 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión.

Several studies on COVID-19 have been published reflecting its high incidence, transmissibility, morbidity and mortality, with great repercussions and severity in population groups at risk. Pregnancy does not escape from this, and the physiological immunosuppression that occurs in this condition makes the pregnant woman and the newborn more susceptible to infectious diseases. The objective of this communication is to deepen the pathophysiology and the repercussion of the COVID-19 disease in pregnant women and the newborn in order to improve knowledge related to the subject, which will have an impact on better management of these patients. For this, a review of research published between January and December 2021 was carried out in the databases such as SciELO, SCOPUS, Medline, Dialnet, Cumed and Lilacs. A number of 33 articles met the inclusion criteria from 44 initially obtained.

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We aim to provide an overview of the research available on indoor radon and lung cancer, with a special focus on Spanish investigations. Early studies on underground miners established the link between radon and lung cancer, which was later confirmed for the general population by residential case-control studies. Spain contributed with extensive evidence, including 5 multicentric, hospital-based, case-control studies in the last 30 years, exploring diverse aspects, such as radon's effect on never-smokers, molecular pathways linking radon exposure to lung cancer risk, survival rates, mortality burden, and occupational exposure. There is a well-established causal association between radon with lung cancer. Despite pioneering research performed in our country by the Galician Radon Laboratory, particularly on driver genes, the evidence on the potential molecular pathways which makes radon a carcinogen is sparse. Also, relevant questions on the potential association of radon exposure with the induction of other diseases are still pending.

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Com a adesão crescente às redes sociais virtuais, a comunicação presencial tem cedido lugar para a comunicação virtual e seu principal local é o Facebook, a rede social mais popular do mundo. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a exposição de adolescentes ao Facebooke as implicações dessa exposição para a formação do Self. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (PePSIC), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Psicologia Brasil (BVS Psi), seguida por duas análises: a primeira, sobre os dados bibliométricos dos 13 artigos selecionados e a segunda, referente a análise feita pelo software iramuteq do corpus textual composto pelos resultados encontrados nos artigos desta revisão. Os resultados foram apresentados em 3 dimensões: 1) formação do Self entre usuários adolescentes no Facebook; 2) exposição ao Facebook e 3) adolescentes no campo do ciberespaço. A conclusão sugere que as possíveis implicações da exposição do adolescente aoFacebook são processos circulados por variáveis de impacto no Self, a partir de elementos como: economia do investimento interpessoal, tempo prolongado no ciberespaço, novas possibilidades de interação e excesso de informações.

As a result of the increase of social networks, face-to-face communication has lost ground in cyberspace, with Facebook being the most popular social network in the world. This article aimed to analyze the exposure of adolescents to Facebook and the implications of the exposure for the formation of the Self. A search was conducted in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (PePSIC), and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Psicologia Brasil (BVS Psi), databases, followed by two analyses: the first on the bibliometric data of the 13 selected articles and the second on the analysis by the Iramuteq software of the text corpus formed by the results of the articles of this review. The results were presented in 3 dimensions: 1) Self formation among adolescent Facebook users; 2) Exposure to Facebook and 3) adolescents in the cyberspace field. The conclusion suggests that the possible implications of adolescent exposure to Facebook are processes circulated by variables that impact the Self, such as economy of interpersonal investment, prolonged time in cyberspace, new possibilities of interaction and excess of information.

Con la creciente adhesión a las redes sociales virtuales, la comunicación cara a cara ha dado paso a la comunicación virtual, y su ubicación principal es Facebook, la red social más popular del mundo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la exposición de los adolescentes al Facebook y las implicaciones de dicha exposición para la formación del Self. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Revistas Electrónicas en Psicología (PePSIC), Biblioteca Virtual en Salud en Psicología Brasil (BVS Psi), seguida de dos análisis: el primero, sobre datos bibliométricos de 13 artículos seleccionados y el segundo se refiere al análisis realizado por el software Iramuteq del corpus textual compuesto por los resultados encontrados en los artículos de esta revisión. Los resultados se presentaron en 3 dimensiones: 1) formación del Self entre los usuarios adolescentes en Facebook; 2) exposición a Facebook y 3) adolescentes en el ámbito del ciberespacio. La conclusión sugiere que las posibles implicaciones de la exposición adolescente en Facebook son procesos que circulan por variables que impactan al Self con base en elementos como: economía de inversión interpersonal, tiempo prolongado en el ciberespacio, nuevas posibilidades de interacción, exceso de información.

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