RESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent dementia in the elderly, causing disability, physical, psychological, social, and economic damage to the individual, their families, and caregivers. Studies have shown some spices, such as saffron, rosemary, cinnamon, turmeric, and ginger, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that act in inhibiting the aggregation of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid in AD. For this reason, spices have been studied as beneficial sources against neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In this sense, this study aims to present a review of some spices (Saffron, Rosemary, Cinnamon, Turmeric and Ginger) and their bioactive compounds, most consumed and investigated in the world regarding AD. In this article, scientific evidence is compiled in clinical trials in adults, the elderly, animals, and in vitro, on properties considered neuroprotective, having no or negative effects on neuroprotection of these spices and their bioactive compounds. The importance of this issue is based on the pharmacological treatment for AD that is still not very effective. In addition, the recommendations and prescriptions of these spices are still permeated by questioning and lack of robust evidence of their effects on neurodegeneration. The literature search suggests all spices included in this article have bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions associated with neuroprotection. To date, the amounts of spice ingestion in humans are not uniform, and there is no consensus on its indication and chronic consumption guarantees safety and efficacy in neuroprotection. Therefore, clinical evidence on this topic is necessary to become a formal adjuvant treatment for AD.
Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/farmacologia , Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Especiarias , Animais , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Crocus/efeitos dos fármacos , Curcuma/efeitos dos fármacos , Zingiber officinale/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neuroproteção , Rosmarinus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
En este trabajo evaluamos la eficiencia antibacteriana de un extracto etanólico de Rosmarinus officinalis L. que contiene altas concentraciones de polifenoles antioxidantes, en dos modelos de infección en piel de ratón: superficial y subcutáneo contra la bacteria patógena Staphylococcus aureus. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el extracto de romero que contiene 2,3% de polifenoles bioactivos presentó una acción bacteriostática contra S. aureus sobre la piel del ratón, mientras que ensayando una doble concentración de polifenoles bioactivos (4,6%) se observó una inhibición total del crecimiento bacteriano. En los dos modelos de infección experimentados se observaron efectos similares. Los datos obtenidos también demuestran que la eficacia antibacteriana del extracto de romero es comparable con la acción del antibiótico comercial ácido fusídico. Los resultados indican que los polifenoles bioactivos del romero, dependiendo de su concentración, pueden ejercer in vivo acciones bacteriostáticas y bactericidas contra S. aureus.