RESUMO
Paclitaxel, a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent, has high incidence of neurotoxicity associated with the production of neuropathic pain, for which only duloxetine has shown significant but moderate analgesic effect. Since statins, classically used to reduce hypercholesterolemia, have shown antinociceptive effect in preclinical studies on neuropathic pain, we studied whether the antinociceptive efficacy of duloxetine could be synergistically potentiated by rosuvastatin in a model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy in mice. The astrocytic and microglial responses in the spinal cord of paclitaxel-treated mice were also assessed by measuring GFAP and CD11b proteins, respectively. Paclitaxel treatment did not impair motor coordination and balance in rotarod testing. Rosuvastatin, duloxetine, and the rosuvastatin/duloxetine combination (combined at equieffective doses) dose-dependently decreased mechanical allodynia (ED30, von Frey testing) and thermal hyperalgesia (ED50, hot plate testing) in paclitaxel-treated mice. Isobolographic analysis showed a superadditive interaction for rosuvastatin and duloxetine, as both the ED30 and ED50 for the rosuvastatin/duloxetine combination contained only a quarter of each drug compared to the individual drugs. The rosuvastatin/duloxetine combination reversed paclitaxel-induced GFAP overexpression, indicating that such effects might depend in part on astrocyte inactivation. Results suggest that statins could be useful in synergistically enhancing the efficacy of duloxetine in some chemotherapy-induced neuropathic conditions.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Neuralgia , Camundongos , Animais , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Cloridrato de Duloxetina/farmacologia , Cloridrato de Duloxetina/uso terapêutico , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Medição da Dor , Neuralgia/induzido quimicamente , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia/complicações , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Analgésicos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of short-term (7-day) Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) with intensive rosuvastatin in Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS). METHODS: In this study, patients with AIS in the emergency department of the hospital from October 2016 to December 2019 were registered and divided into the control group (Single Antiplatelet Therapy [SAPT] + rosuvastatin) and the study group (7-day DAPT + intensive rosuvastatin) according to the therapy regimens. The generalized linear model was used to compare the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores between the two groups during the 21-day treatment. A Cox regression model was used to compare recurrent ischemic stroke, bleeding events, Statin-Induced Liver Injury (SILI), and Statin-Associated Myopathy (SAM) between the two groups during the 90-day follow-up. RESULTS: Comparison of NIHSS scores after 21-day treatment: NIHSS scores in the study group decreased significantly, 0.273-times as much as that in the control group (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.273; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 0.208-0.359; p < 0.001). Comparison of recurrent ischemic stroke during the 90-day follow-up: The therapy of the study group reduced the risk of recurrent stroke by 65% (7.76% vs. 22.82%, Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.350; 95% CI 0.167-0.730; p = 0.005). Comparison of bleeding events: There was no statistical difference between the two groups (7.79% vs. 6.71%, HR = 1.076; 95% CI 0.424-2.732; p = 0.878). No cases of SILI and SAM were found. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term DAPT with intensive rosuvastatin effectively relieved the clinical symptoms and significantly reduced the recurrent stroke for patients with mild-to-moderate AIS within 90 days, without increasing bleeding events, SILI and SAM.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/efeitos adversos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/administração & dosagem , Atorvastatina/administração & dosagem , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do Tratamento , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/efeitos adversos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/uso terapêutico , Atorvastatina/efeitos adversos , Atorvastatina/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologiaRESUMO
High cholesterol levels have been linked to a high risk of cardiovascular diseases, and preventative pharmacological care to lower cholesterol levels is critically important. Statins, which are hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, are drugs used to reduce the endogenous cholesterol synthesis, thus minimizing its pathophysiological effects. Despite the proven benefits, statins therapy is known to cause a number of skeletal muscle disorders, including myalgia, myopathy and myositis. The mechanisms underlying such statin-induced side effects are unknown. Recently, a group of genes and molecular pathways has been described to participate in statin-induced myopathy, caused by either simvastatin or rosuvastatin, although the mechanism by which changes in gene regulation occur was not studied. Transposable Elements (TEs), repetitive elements that move within the genome, are known to play regulatory roles in gene expression; however, their role in statin-induced muscle damage has not been studied. We analyzed the expression of TEs in human skeletal fiber cells treated with either simvastatin or rosuvastatin, as well as their respective controls, and identified TEs that change their expression in response to the treatment. We found that simvastatin resulted in >1000 differentially expressed (DE) TEs, whereas rosuvastatin resulted in only 27 DE TEs. Using network analysis tools, we predicted the impact of the DE TEs on the expression of genes and found that amongst the genes potentially modulated by TEs, there are some previously associated to statin-linked myopathy pathways (e.g., AKT3). Overall, our results indicate that TEs may be a key player in the statin-induced muscle side effects.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Doenças Musculares , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/efeitos adversos , Sinvastatina/efeitos adversos , Sinvastatina/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas , Doenças Musculares/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Musculares/genética , Doenças Musculares/tratamento farmacológico , Colesterol/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismoRESUMO
Essentials The role of statins in hemostasis and venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is not clear. This trial assessed whether rosuvastatin use affects thrombin generation in patients with VTE. Endogenous thrombin potential and peak were decreased by 10% and 5% with rosuvastatin therapy. These results provide basis for trials on the efficacy of statins in reducing recurrent VTE risk. SUMMARY: Background Statin therapy could form an alternative prophylactic treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) if statins are proven to downregulate hemostasis and prevent recurrent VTE, without increasing bleeding risk. Objectives The STAtins Reduce Thrombophilia (START) trial investigated whether statin affects coagulation in patients with prior VTE. Patients/methods After anticoagulation withdrawal, patients were randomized to rosuvastatin 20 mg day-1 for 4 weeks or no intervention. Plasma samples taken at baseline and at the end of the study were analyzed employing thrombin generation assay. Results and conclusions The study comprised 126 rosuvastatin users and 119 non-users. Mean age was 58 years, 61% were men, 49% had unprovoked VTE and 75% had cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) increased from baseline to end of study in non-statin users (mean 97.22 nm*min; 95% CI, 40.92-153.53) and decreased in rosuvastatin users (mean -24.94 nm*min; 95% CI, -71.81 to 21.93). The mean difference in ETP change between treatments was -120.24 nm*min (95% CI, -192.97 to -47.51), yielding a 10.4% ETP reduction by rosuvastatin. The thrombin peak increased in both non-statin (mean 20.69 nm; 95% CI, 9.80-31.58) and rosuvastatin users (mean 8.41 nm; 95% CI -0.86 to 17.69). The mean difference in peak change between treatments was -11.88 nm (95% CI, -26.11 to 2.35), yielding a 5% peak reduction by rosuvastatin. Other thrombin generation parameters did not change substantially. The reduction in ETP and peak by rosuvastatin was more pronounced in the subgroups of participants with CV risk factors and with unprovoked VTE. We conclude that rosuvastatin reduces thrombin generation potential in patients who had VTE.
Assuntos
Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/uso terapêutico , Trombina/metabolismo , Tromboembolia Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Fibrinolíticos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Recidiva , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Tromboembolia Venosa/sangue , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The relative benefit of higher statin dosing in patients with peripheral artery disease has not been reported previously. We compared the effectiveness of low- or moderate-intensity (LMI) versus high-intensity (HI) statin dose on clinical outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease who underwent peripheral angiography and/or endovascular intervention from 2006 to 2013 who were not taking other lipid-lowering medications. HI statin use was defined as atorvastatin 40-80 mg or rosuvastatin 20-40 mg. Baseline demographics, procedural data, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Among 909 patients, 629 (69%) were prescribed statins, and 124 (13.6%) were treated with HI statin therapy. Mean low-density lipoprotein level was similar in patients on LMI versus HI (80±30 versus 87±44 mg/dL, P=0.14). Demographics including age (68±12 versus 67±10 years, P=0.25), smoking history (76% versus 80%, P=0.42), diabetes mellitus (54% versus 48%, P=0.17), and hypertension (88% versus 89%, P=0.78) were similar between groups (LMI versus HI). There was a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (56% versus 75%, P=0.0001) among patients on HI statin (versus LMI). After propensity weighting, HI statin therapy was associated with improved survival (hazard ratio for mortality: 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.81; P=0.004) and decreased major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 0.58; 95% confidence interval 0.37-0.92, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with peripheral artery disease who were referred for peripheral angiography or endovascular intervention, HI statin therapy was associated with improved survival and fewer major adverse cardiovascular events compared with LMI statin therapy.