RESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine whether a combination of crude glycerin (CG) and soyabean oil (SO) could be used to partially replace maize in the diet of Nellore steers while maintaining optimum feed utilisation. Eight castrated Nellore steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a double 4×4 Latin square design balanced for residual effects, in a factorial arrangement (A×B), when factor A corresponded to the provision of SO, and factor B to the provision of CG. Steers feed SO and CG showed similar DM intake, DM, organic matter and neutral-detergent fibre digestibility to that of steers fed diets without oil and without glycerine (P>0·05). Both diets with CG additions reduced the acetate:propionate ratio and increased the proportion of iso-butyrate, butyrate, iso-valerate and valerate (P<0·05). Steers fed diets containing SO had less total N excretion (P<0·001) and showed greater retained N expressed as % N intake (P=0·022). SO and CG diet generated a greater ruminal abundance of Prevotella, Succinivibrio, Ruminococcus, Syntrophococcus and Succiniclasticum. Archaea abundance (P=0·002) and total ciliate protozoa were less in steers fed diets containing SO (P=0·011). CG associated with lipids could be an energy source, which is a useful strategy for the partial replacement of maize in cattle diets, could result in reduced total N excretion and ruminal methanogens without affecting intake and digestibility.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Bovinos/fisiologia , Glicerol/administração & dosagem , Rúmen/microbiologia , Óleo de Soja/administração & dosagem , Zea mays , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Bovinos/microbiologia , Clostridiales/isolamento & purificação , Clostridiales/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , Digestão , Fermentação , Masculino , Prevotella/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella/metabolismo , Rúmen/metabolismo , Ruminococcus/isolamento & purificação , Ruminococcus/metabolismo , Succinivibrionaceae/isolamento & purificação , Succinivibrionaceae/metabolismo , Veillonellaceae/isolamento & purificação , Veillonellaceae/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that compared with controls, children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit differences in the relationships between gut microbiota and disease activity. STUDY DESIGN: Children and adolescents (n = 69; median age, 14 years) with IBD and 25 healthy controls (median age, 14 years) were recruited for the study. The disease activity was determined according to the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index or the Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index. Cell counts of 9 bacterial groups and species in the fecal microbiota were monitored by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Although no major changes were observed in patients with ulcerative colitis, except for a decrease in bifidobacteria in the active state of IBD, children with active and inactive Crohn's disease (CD) had lower numbers of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and bifidobacteria (P <.05), and patients with active CD had higher numbers of Escherichia coli (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: The microbiota in children with CD is characterized by decreased numbers of F praunsitzii and increased numbers of E coli.