RESUMO
Physiological parameters of laboratory animals used for biomedical research is crucial for following several experimental procedures. With the intent to establish baseline biologic parameters for non-human primates held in closed colonies, hematological and morphometric data of captive monkeys were determined. Data of clinically healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were collected over a period of five years. Animals were separated according to sex and divided into five age groups. Hematological data were compared with those in the literature by Student's t test. Discrepancies with significance levels of 0.1, 1 or 5% were found in the hematological studies. Growth curves showed that the sexual dimorphism of rhesus monkeys appeared at an age of four years. In earlier ages, the differences between sexes could not be distinguished (p < 0.05). Sexual dimorphism in both squirrel monkeys and cynomolgus monkeys occurred at an age of about 32 months. Data presented in this paper could be useful for comparative studies using primates under similar conditions.
Assuntos
Macaca fascicularis/anatomia & histologia , Macaca mulatta/anatomia & histologia , Saimiri/anatomia & histologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Fatores Etários , Animais , Biometria , Feminino , Macaca fascicularis/sangue , Macaca fascicularis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Macaca mulatta/sangue , Macaca mulatta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Saimiri/sangue , Saimiri/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Experimental infections by Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) minasense were performed in primates - Saimiri sciureus and Callithrix penicillata - with the objective of searching for morphological variations of the blood trypomastigotes with respect to hosts and time of infection. We carried out morphological and morphometric analysis of blood trypomastigotes. Illustrations are given. Both the squirrel monkey and marmoset became infected after the injection of blood trypomastigotes of T. minasense, although the parasitaemia were briefer in the squirrel monkey. The parasites detected in the later host were narrower and shorter than those found in the inoculated marmoset. In the marmoset, the blood stream parasites derived from culture metacyclic trypomastigotes were considerably smaller than those derived from the inoculation of infected blood. Stronger evidence of polymorphism was found when, at the same time of infection, the blood trypomastigotes found in squirrel monkey had smaller length, body width and the distance from posterior end of the body to the kinetoplast almost four times smaller than the parasite found in the marmoset. Therefore, conflicting results on morphology and morphometry of T. minasense obtained by previous investigators could be due to polymorphism.
Assuntos
Trypanosoma/parasitologia , Animais , Callithrix/sangue , Saimiri/sangue , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Serum and urine analytes were compared between adult wild-caught owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae) and adult wild-caught squirrel monkeys (Saimiri peruviensis) to determine if normative clinical pathology data were similar. An objective of the study was to confirm that species of neotropical primates are distinct with regard to physiologic parameters, and should not be considered interchangeable in biomedical research. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted in many serum and urine analytes between the two groups. The results suggest that reference data for wild-caught owl monkeys are not applicable to squirrel monkeys, and the differences are sufficiently large to be of clinical significance. These findings illuminate the diversity among species of neotropical primates.
Assuntos
Aotus trivirgatus/sangue , Saimiri/sangue , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Aotus trivirgatus/urina , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Eletrólitos/sangue , Eletrólitos/urina , Peru , Proteinúria , Saimiri/urina , Especificidade da Espécie , Manejo de Espécimes/instrumentação , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Manejo de Espécimes/veterinária , Urinálise/veterináriaRESUMO
In the Saimiri monkey, an experimental host for human malaria, acquired protection against Plasmodium falciparum blood stages depends on the IgG antibody populations developed. In vivo protective anti-falciparum activity of IgG antibodies is correlated with the in vitro opsonizing activity promoting phagocytosis of parasitized red blood cells. In contrast, non protective antibodies inhibit this mechanism by competing at the target level. A similar phenomenon can be observed in human infection. Anti-cytoadherent and anti-rosette antibodies developed by Saimiri and humans prevent the development of physiopathological events like cerebral malaria which can also occur in this experimental host. Furthermore, transfer to protective human anti-falciparum IgG antibodies into infected Saimiri monkeys exerts an anti parasite activity as efficient as that observed when it is transferred into acute falciparum malaria patients, making the Saimiri an even more attractive host. Studies on the role of immunocompetent cells in the protective immune response are still in their infancy, however the existence of a restricted polymorphism of MHC II class molecules in the Saimiri confers additional theoretical and practical importance to this model.
Assuntos
Malária Falciparum/imunologia , Plasmodium falciparum/imunologia , Saimiri/parasitologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Aotus trivirgatus/parasitologia , Sangue/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita/imunologia , Imunização Passiva , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Malária Falciparum/sangue , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Malária Falciparum/fisiopatologia , Saimiri/sangue , Saimiri/imunologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
South American Aotus and Saimiri monkeys, which are susceptible to infection with human malarias, have been used to develop models for the testing of human malaria vaccines. Studies indicate that blood-stage and sporozoite vaccines can be tested in these monkeys using appropriate strains of parasites.
Assuntos
Aotus trivirgatus/parasitologia , Vacinas Antimaláricas , Malária Falciparum/prevenção & controle , Malária Vivax/prevenção & controle , Plasmodium falciparum/patogenicidade , Plasmodium vivax/patogenicidade , Saimiri/parasitologia , Animais , Aotus trivirgatus/sangue , Aotus trivirgatus/imunologia , Sangue/parasitologia , Culicidae , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Humanos , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Insetos Vetores , Vacinas Antimaláricas/imunologia , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Malária Falciparum/transmissão , Malária Vivax/parasitologia , Malária Vivax/transmissão , Plasmodium falciparum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plasmodium falciparum/imunologia , Plasmodium vivax/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plasmodium vivax/imunologia , Saimiri/sangue , Saimiri/imunologia , Especificidade da Espécie , EsplenectomiaRESUMO
Median corpuscular fragility of erythrocytes does not differ significantly between fed and fasted Bolivian and Brazilian squirrel monkeys and are similar to values reported in humans and rhesus monkeys. This report further confirms that the fasting hyperbilirubinemia present only in Bolivian squirrel monkeys with a Gilbert-like syndrome is not due to an increased fragility of erythrocytes and should be classified as a nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia.
Assuntos
Bilirrubina/biossíntese , Doença de Gilbert/veterinária , Hiperbilirrubinemia/veterinária , Doenças dos Macacos/sangue , Saimiri/sangue , Animais , Bolívia , Brasil , Doença de Gilbert/sangue , Hiperbilirrubinemia/sangue , Masculino , Fragilidade OsmóticaRESUMO
Concentrations of chorionic gonadotrophin gradually increased during early pregnancy, reached maximum values at mid-gestation, then declined to low levels. Oestradiol-17 beta concentrations were relatively low (300-600 pg/ml) during early pregnancy, increased thereafter to high levels (10-35 ng/ml), and then appeared to decline towards term. Concentrations of progesterone were constant (100-200 ng/ml) for the first 15 weeks of gestation, suggesting that sequential measurements of progesterone could be used to diagnose early pregnancy. Prolactin concentrations rose during pregnancy, reaching maximum values at term.
Assuntos
Cebidae/sangue , Gonadotropina Coriônica/sangue , Estradiol/sangue , Prenhez/sangue , Progesterona/sangue , Prolactina/sangue , Saimiri/sangue , Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , RadioimunoensaioRESUMO
Twenty-five clinical and biochemical parameters were determined on 17 normal, male, laboratory-bred Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Parallel hematologic parameters were conducted. The correlation of biochemical and hematological observations and the distribution characteristics, range, and standard error of the mean were determined. The purpose of the present communication is to establish baseline biochemical values for laboratory-bred squirrel monkeys and to present a correlative comparison between selected cellular elements and major blood electrolytes.
Assuntos
Cebidae/sangue , Saimiri/sangue , Animais , Animais de Laboratório/sangue , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Serum measurements of chorionic gonadotropin (CG), estradiol (E-2) and progesterone (P) were used to describe patterns of hormonal change in Bolivian squirrel monkeys undergoing spontaneous abortion. During early pregnancy, serum CG levels gradually increased, reaching maximum levels at the end of the first 50 days of pregnancy (range: 200-1964 ug protein/ml). E-2 concentrations also increased to high levels (10-30 ng/ml) toward the end of pregnancy, while serum P remained fairly constant at levels above 100 ng/ml. A gradual decline in serum hormone concentrations was observed in aborting animals. CG levels declined to less than 100 ug protein/ml while E-2 and P decreased to concentrations characteristic of nonpregnant cycling animals, less than 500 pg/ml and 20 ng/ml respectively. The data suggest that two weekly measurements of CG and E-2 could be used to identify monkeys undergoing abortion and those which have already aborted.