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En esta revisión de la literatura se describen aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos, clínicos y terapéuticos sobre una presentación atípica y grave de escabiosis, la sarna costrosa o noruega. Esta presentación de escabiosis destaca por afectar principalmente a personas con condiciones de inmunodepresión o sociales que las hacen susceptibles de una alta carga parasitaria, además se asocia a un peor pronóstico y a riesgo de complicaciones. Desde el punto de vista terapéutico, sus estrategias difieren del manejo de la escabiosis clásica.(AU)

This literature review describes epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of an atypical and severe presentation of scabies, Norwegian or crusty scabies. This presentation of scabies stands out because it mainly affects people with immunosuppressive or social conditions that make them susceptibleto a high parasite load, it is also associated with a worse prognosis and risk of complications. From a therapeutic point of view, their strategies differ from the management of classic scabies.(AU)

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Crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) are wild canids found in practically all Brazilian states. They usually live and hunt in pairs, but can be found in small groups, which favors the transmission of diseases such as sarcoptic mange. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, parasitological and pathological findings of two fatal cases of sarcoptic mange in C. thous. Two wild canids were necropsied and cytological examination of skin and crust samples and histologic evaluation of various tissue samples were performed. Gross findings included poor body condition and extensive alopecia with thick skin crusts interspersed by intensely reddened alopecic areas. The cytological examination revealed numerous mites with short gnathosoma and rounded idiosoma that were transversally striated and presented triangular spines on the dorsal surface, terminal anus, and short and thick legs, characteristic of Sarcoptes scabiei. Histologic examination of the skin revealed numerous tunnels into and under the stratum corneum of the epidermis containing high amounts of S. scabiei. The mites were associated with marked acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, and mild superficial dermatitis. The findings reveal that sarcoptic mange is an important disease in wild canids.(AU)

Cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) são canídeos selvagens encontrados em praticamente todos os estados brasileiros. Geralmente vivem e caçam em pares, mas podem ser encontrados em pequenos grupos, o que favorece a transmissão de doenças, como a sarna sarcóptica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever os achados epidemiológicos, parasitológicos e patológicos de dois casos fatais de sarna sarcóptica em cachorros-do-mato. Foram realizados necropsia de dois cachorros do mato, exame citológico de amostras de pele e crostas e exame histológico de amostras dos órgãos e tecidos. Na necropsia foram observados mau estado corporal, extensas áreas de alopecia, crostas cutâneas espessas que se desprendiam e eram intercaladas por áreas alopécicas intensamente eritematosas. No exame citológico foi observada grande quantidade de ácaros com gnatossoma curto e largo, idiossoma globoso, transversalmente estriado e com espinhos triangulares na superfície dorsal, ânus terminal e pernas curtas e grossas, característicos de Sarcoptes scabiei. Ao exame histológico da pele havia muitos túneis no estrato córneo da epiderme e abaixo dele, contendo grande quantidade de S. scabiei. Essas estruturas parasitárias estavam associadas a acantose e hiperqueratose acentuadas e dermatite superficial discreta. Os achados revelam a sarna sarcóptica como uma doença importante em cachorros do mato.(AU)

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Crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) are wild canids found in practically all Brazilian states. They usually live and hunt in pairs, but can be found in small groups, which favors the transmission of diseases such as sarcoptic mange. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, parasitological and pathological findings of two fatal cases of sarcoptic mange in C. thous. Two wild canids were necropsied and cytological examination of skin and crust samples and histologic evaluation of various tissue samples were performed. Gross findings included poor body condition and extensive alopecia with thick skin crusts interspersed by intensely reddened alopecic areas. The cytological examination revealed numerous mites with short gnathosoma and rounded idiosoma that were transversally striated and presented triangular spines on the dorsal surface, terminal anus, and short and thick legs, characteristic of Sarcoptes scabiei. Histologic examination of the skin revealed numerous tunnels into and under the stratum corneum of the epidermis containing high amounts of S. scabiei. The mites were associated with marked acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, and mild superficial dermatitis. The findings reveal that sarcoptic mange is an important disease in wild canids.(AU)

Cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) são canídeos selvagens encontrados em praticamente todos os estados brasileiros. Geralmente vivem e caçam em pares, mas podem ser encontrados em pequenos grupos, o que favorece a transmissão de doenças, como a sarna sarcóptica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever os achados epidemiológicos, parasitológicos e patológicos de dois casos fatais de sarna sarcóptica em cachorros-do-mato. Foram realizados necropsia de dois cachorros do mato, exame citológico de amostras de pele e crostas e exame histológico de amostras dos órgãos e tecidos. Na necropsia foram observados mau estado corporal, extensas áreas de alopecia, crostas cutâneas espessas que se desprendiam e eram intercaladas por áreas alopécicas intensamente eritematosas. No exame citológico foi observada grande quantidade de ácaros com gnatossoma curto e largo, idiossoma globoso, transversalmente estriado e com espinhos triangulares na superfície dorsal, ânus terminal e pernas curtas e grossas, característicos de Sarcoptes scabiei. Ao exame histológico da pele havia muitos túneis no estrato córneo da epiderme e abaixo dele, contendo grande quantidade de S. scabiei. Essas estruturas parasitárias estavam associadas a acantose e hiperqueratose acentuadas e dermatite superficial discreta. Os achados revelam a sarna sarcóptica como uma doença importante em cachorros do mato.(AU)

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La escabiosis es una ectoparasitosis pruriginosa producida por el ácaro Sarcoptes scabiei, variedad hominis, específica del ser humano. Si bien su distribución es universal, con frecuencia es subdiagnosticada por asociarla únicamente a hacinamiento y malos hábitos de higiene. Se transmite por contacto directo con una persona afectada o a través de fómites, por lo que es muy común el contagio de los convivientes. Presentamos un caso de escabiosis en una paciente anciana evaluada por prurito generalizado. (AU)

Scabies is a human specific pruritic ectoparasitosis produced by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Although it has a worldwide distribution, it is often underdiagnosed because it is only associated with overcrowding and poor hygiene. It is transmitted by a direct contact with an affected person or through fomites. The transmission to cohabitants is very common. We present a case of scabies in an elderly patient with generalized pruritus. (AU)

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Scabies is a neglected parasitic disease that is a major public health problem in many resource-poor regions. It causes substantial morbidity from secondary infections and post-infective complications such as acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Disease control requires treatment of the affected individual and all people they have been in contact with, but is often hampered by inappropriate or delayed diagnosis, poor treatment compliance, and improper use of topical compounds such as permethrin, lindane, or benzyl benzoate. In addition to concerns over toxicity with such compounds, parasite resistance seems to be increasing. Oral ivermectin is an alternative that has been used successfully in community control programmes. Plant derivatives such as turmeric, neem, and tea tree oil are also promising future treatments. The disease is strongly associated with poverty and overcrowding, and the associated stigma can ostracise affected individuals. Treatment of scabies in poor countries needs to integrate drug treatment programmes with efforts to improve the socioeconomic conditions and education programmes to reduce stigma. We expect the future to bring more sensitive and specific clinical and laboratory-based diagnostic methods, as well as new therapeutic strategies.

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Between 1978 and 1997, a combination of psoroptic scabies (Psoroptes spp.), mountain lion (Puma concolor) predation, and periodic drought reduced a population of native desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the San Andres Mountains (SAM), New Mexico, from >200 individuals to a single ewe. In 1999, this ewe was captured, ensured to be Psoroptes-free, and released back into the SAM. Eleven radio-collared rams were translocated from the Red Rock Wildlife Area (RRWA) in New Mexico into the SAM range and monitored through 2002 to determine whether Psoroptes spp. mites were still in the environment. None of these sentinel rams acquired scabies during this period, and no additional native sheep were found to be present in the range. In 2002, 51 desert bighorn sheep were translocated into the SAM from the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge in Arizona (n = 20) and the RRWA in New Mexico (n = 31). Twenty-one bighorn sheep have died in the SAM since that time, but Psoroptes spp. mites have not been detected on any of these animals, nor have they been found on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) sampled since 2000. We conclude that psoroptic scabies is no longer present in the San Andres bighorn sheep population and that psoroptic scabies poses a minimal to nonexistent threat to the persistence of this population at this time.

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