RESUMO
Resumo O que a colaboração entre Florestan Fernandes, Aldo Solari e o Instituto Latino-americano de Relações Internacionais, órgão do Congresso pela Liberdade da Cultura, explica sobre as ideias do sociólogo entre 1969 e 1972? A análise de documentos oficiais do instituto e correspondências e textos de Florestan e Solari sugere que esse episódio revela um sociólogo preocupado com a manutenção de espaços científicos num continente marcado pelo autoritarismo, o que permite matizar a periodização entre fases "acadêmico-reformista" e "político-revolucionária". Argumenta-se que, do ponto de vista do instituto, a parceria com Florestan era crucial para produzir legitimidade intelectual para suas ações.
Abstract What does the collaboration between the sociologist Florestan Fernandes, Aldo Solari, and the Latin American Institute of International Relations (ILARI), an organ of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, tell us about Fernandes's thinking between 1969 and 1972? The analysis of official ILARI documents and correspondence and texts by Fernandes and Solari suggests that this episode reveals Fernandes's concern with defending space for science on a continent marked by authoritarianism, thereby enabling a more nuanced understanding of his trajectory than one marked by two distinct phases, "reformist-academic" and "revolutionary-political." From ILARI's perspective, the partnership with Fernandes is revealed as critical in lending its actions intellectual legitimacy.
Assuntos
Pesquisadores , Sociologia/história , História do Século XX , América LatinaRESUMO
Robert Fine was among the most original social theorists in Britain of the past 30 years, and the aim of this paper is to offer a first systematic assessment of his intellectual contribution. There are sound intellectual reasons to explore Fine's scholarship. He maintained a problematic relation with mainstream sociology and, against the reduction of sociology to questions of method, culture, or class, he argued that sociologists must continue to ask difficult normative questions as part of the social world they ought to explain. And there are also pressing political concerns that justify a reconsideration of his writings. Global politics is currently marked by a populist wave that decries the very ideas and values that were central to Fine's social theory: the need to uphold the rule of law at home and abroad, the politics of cosmopolitan solidarity, and the significance of antisemitism and its relationships with different forms of authoritarian politics. My main argument is that there is a dialectics of universality that drives forward Fine's intellectual project. By this, I mean that a universalistic idea of humanity-an all-inclusive conception of all human beings-is the most important normative intuition of modern times. This idea of humanity moves forward in history through a dual process of emancipation and domination: successful forms of social, legal, and political inclusion help make visible previous dynamics of exclusion but may also create or recreate discriminatory practices. Building on the work of French historian Michael Löwy on heterodox Jewish thinkers, I explain the three main tenets of Fine's work: (a) his reconstruction of critical social theory; (b) the notion of cosmopolitan solidarity; and (c) the significance and main features of modern antisemitism.
Assuntos
Judeus/psicologia , Discriminação Social/psicologia , Teoria Social , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Política , Mudança Social , Sociologia/história , Pensamento , Reino UnidoRESUMO
O presente artigo objetivou realizar uma análise sobre como a temática da pobreza tem historicamente comparecido nos estudos e parâmetros de atuação profissional do psicólogo brasileiro. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica acerca do objeto de estudo, o resgate de produções pertinentes sobre a relação da Psicologia brasileira com a pobreza ao longo de seu desenvolvimento, bem como de documentos e parametrizações do Conselho Federal de Psicologia. Observamos um crescimento do envolvimento da Psicologia com a pobreza e demais expressões da "questão social", atrelado com a maior vinculação da profissão com as políticas públicas e sociais. O debate entre "questão social", pobreza e Psicologia, contextualizado em diferentes fases do capitalismo, face às particularidades brasileiras e atual conjuntura, evidencia as contradições: autocrítica acerca do distanciamento com a realidade brasileira e insuficiências teórico-práticas, mas com a hegemonia na Psicologia ainda se fazendo valer por meio de leituras e práticas individualizantes, psicologizantes, perpetradoras da ordem. Dessa forma, uma Psicologia compromissada com a compreensão e superação da pobreza, assim como do sistema que a forja e nela se sustenta, requer a identificação e libertação de sua própria pobreza.(AU)
The present article aims to analyze how the issue of poverty has historically appeared in studies and parameters of the professional work of Brazilian psychologists. A bibliographic review about the object of the study was elaborated, with the retrieval of relevant works about the relationship between Brazilian Psychology and poverty throughout its development, as well as documents and parametrizations of the Federal Council of Psychology. We see an increase in the involvement of Psychology with poverty and other expressions of the "social issue", linked to the greater bondage of the profession with public and social policies. The debate between "social issue", poverty and Psychology, contextualized in different phases of capitalism, in view of the Brazilian characteristics and current situation, shows the following contradictions: self-criticism about distancing from Brazilian reality and theoretical-practical insufficiencies, but with the hegemony in Psychology still being enforced through individualizing, psychologizing readings and practices, perpetrating the order. In this way, a Psychology committed to understanding and overcoming poverty, as well as the system that forges and sustains it, requires the identification and liberation of its own poverty.(AU)
El presente artículo apuntó a realizar un análisis sobre cómo la temática de la pobreza ha formado parte históricamente en los estudios y parámetros de actuación profesional del psicólogo brasileño. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica acerca del objeto de estudio y un rescate de producciones pertinentes sobre la relación de la Psicología brasileña con la pobreza a lo largo de su desarrollo, así como de documentos del Consejo Federal de Psicología. Observamos un crecimiento de la implicación de la Psicología con la pobreza y demás expresiones de la cuestión social, vinculada con la mayor ligazón de la profesión con las políticas públicas y sociales. El debate entre "cuestión social", pobreza y Psicología, contextualizado en diferentes fases del capitalismo, frente a las particularidades brasileñas y la coyuntura actual, evidencia las siguientes contradicciones: autocrítica acerca del distanciamiento con la realidad brasileña y las insuficiencias teórico-prácticas, empero existe una hegemonía en la Psicología que todavía se hace valer por medio de lecturas y prácticas individualizantes, psicologizantes, perpetradoras del orden. Así, una Psicología comprometida con la comprensión y superación de la pobreza y con el sistema que la forja y en ella se sustenta, requiere de la identificación y liberación de su propia pobreza.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pobreza/psicologia , Sociologia/história , Capitalismo , Psicologia , Política Pública , Brasil , HistóriaRESUMO
This article discusses the similarities between certain knowledges and practices focused on "improving the race" in Colombia from 1920-1930, showing how they can be located within a framework defined by historiography as the "Latin American eugenic movement." The term "social hygiene" appears in some Colombian medical texts during this period to describe the improvement of a fraction of the population defined as "degenerate." This study contributes to discussion of the need to rethink "racial improvement" strategies as local, heterogeneous, diverse problems.
Este artículo pretende discutir de qué manera ciertos saberes y prácticas orientados al "mejoramiento de la raza" colombiana entre 1920 y 1930 son similares o pueden localizarse en el marco de lo que ha sido definido por la historiografía como "movimiento eugenésico latinoamericano". El término de "higiene social" aparece en algunos textos médicos colombianos durante ese período para hablar del mejoramiento de una fracción de la población que se definía como "degenerada". Se trata de contribuir a la reflexión sobre la necesidad de repensar las estrategias del "mejoramiento de la raza" como problemas locales, heterogéneos y diversos.
Assuntos
Eugenia (Ciência)/história , Grupos Raciais/história , Sociologia/história , Colômbia , História do Século XX , HumanosRESUMO
Resumen Este artículo pretende discutir de qué manera ciertos saberes y prácticas orientados al "mejoramiento de la raza" colombiana entre 1920 y 1930 son similares o pueden localizarse en el marco de lo que ha sido definido por la historiografía como "movimiento eugenésico latinoamericano". El término de "higiene social" aparece en algunos textos médicos colombianos durante ese período para hablar del mejoramiento de una fracción de la población que se definía como "degenerada". Se trata de contribuir a la reflexión sobre la necesidad de repensar las estrategias del "mejoramiento de la raza" como problemas locales, heterogéneos y diversos.
Abstract This article discusses the similarities between certain knowledges and practices focused on "improving the race" in Colombia from 1920-1930, showing how they can be located within a framework defined by historiography as the "Latin American eugenic movement." The term "social hygiene" appears in some Colombian medical texts during this period to describe the improvement of a fraction of the population defined as "degenerate." This study contributes to discussion of the need to rethink "racial improvement" strategies as local, heterogeneous, diverse problems.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Sociologia/história , Grupos Raciais/história , Eugenia (Ciência)/história , ColômbiaRESUMO
Resumo O artigo estabelece as bases para um diálogo entre os estudiosos do pensamento social brasileiro e os historiadores da sociologia como disciplina. Para atingir esse objetivo, analiso os desenvolvimentos recentes no campo da história da sociologia, destacando a incorporação de métodos historiográficos e a emergência de uma abordagem transnacional, que aponta para o projeto de uma história global da disciplina. Critico os limites eurocêntricos desse campo e argumento que as tendências recentes de pesquisa na área do pensamento social brasileiro podem ajudar a superar tal limitação. Finalmente, analiso brevemente os obstáculos que impedem tal diálogo e aponto possíveis estratégias para superá-los.
Abstract The article lays the foundation for a dialog between scholars of Brazilian social thought and historians of sociology as a discipline. In order to achieve this objective, I analyze recent developments in the field of the history of sociology, highlighting the incorporation of historiographic methods and the emergence of a transnational approach, which points toward a global history of the discipline. I criticize the Eurocentric limits of this field and argue that recent research trends in the area of Brazilian social thought can help overcome this limitation. Finally, I briefly analyze the obstacles that impede this dialog and indicate possible strategies for overcoming them.
Assuntos
Humanos , Ciências Sociais , Sociologia/história , BrasilRESUMO
Through reliance on a social cartography method based on Karl Mannheim's sociology of knowledge, the article analyzes the first ten issues of Revista de Saúde Pública, published by the University of São Paulo. Articles and editorials are mapped in order to understand the period's transformations. In the realm of the journal's editorial line, tensions are noted between complying with the principles of the institution and international transformations, which demanded an openness to interdisciplinary topics. Special focus is placed on sub-fields, dominated by an epidemiology that was in flux as it absorbed new knowledge in the context of the formation of the field of public health.
Assuntos
Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/história , Saúde Pública/história , Bibliometria , Brasil , Mapeamento Geográfico , História do Século XX , Humanos , Sociologia/históriaRESUMO
This text covers the professional and scientific career of Maria Cecilia Ferro Donnangelo, professor, researcher and influential intellectual in the area of Collective Health. Born in 1940, and killed in a car accident in 1983, she actively participated in the emergence of Collective Health in Brazil and greatly influenced the creation of the sub-areas of Social Science and the Humanities in the health field. Her brief biography, contextualized professional choices and scientific production is hereby presented. Graduated in pedagogy at the time of national developmentalism with a post graduation in Sociology, Donnangelo fell into the triangulated area of Education, Sociology and Health, focusing medicine as a social practice and as a profession in society. Always with an eye to human rights and an ongoing dialogue with the modern Brazilian state and public policy, she examined questions of the social aspects in health and education, as well as questions of health education as a social tool. An educator of great prestige, her published work was limited. However, due to her foundational presence, her writings are classic references with assured presence and contributions for today and also vital to the future development of the Brazilian Collective Health.
Assuntos
Saúde Pública/história , Sociologia/história , Brasil , História do Século XXRESUMO
This text covers the professional and scientific career of Maria Cecilia Ferro Donnangelo, professor, researcher and influential intellectual in the area of Collective Health. Born in 1940, and killed in a car accident in 1983, she actively participated in the emergence of Collective Health in Brazil and greatly influenced the creation of the sub-areas of Social Science and the Humanities in the health field. Her brief biography, contextualized professional choices and scientific production is hereby presented. Graduated in pedagogy at the time of national developmentalism with a post graduation in Sociology, Donnangelo fell into the triangulated area of Education, Sociology and Health, focusing medicine as a social practice and as a profession in society. Always with an eye to human rights and an ongoing dialogue with the modern Brazilian state and public policy, she examined questions of the social aspects in health and education, as well as questions of health education as a social tool. An educator of great prestige, her published work was limited. However, due to her foundational presence, her writings are classic references with assured presence and contributions for today and also vital to the future development of the Brazilian Collective Health.
Aborda-se a trajetória profissional e científica de Maria Cecília Ferro Donnangelo, professora, pesquisadora e intelectual de grande importância para a Saúde Coletiva. Nascida em 1940 e falecida em 1983, participou ativamente da emergência da Saúde Coletiva no país e influenciou decisivamente a criação da subárea das Ciências Sociais e Humanas em saúde. Apresenta-se breve biografia, contextualizando escolhas profissionais e produção científica. Formando-se pedagoga no período do nacional desenvolvimentismo e realizando sua pós-graduação em sociologia, Donnangelo localiza-se na triangulação entre a educação, a sociologia e a saúde, ocupando-se da medicina como prática social e profissão em sociedade. Sempre com vistas à igualdade de direitos e em diálogo com a conformação brasileira de estado moderno e suas políticas públicas, examinou questões do social na saúde e na educação, assim como questões da educação em saúde como ferramenta social. Educadora de grande prestígio, deixa pouca publicação. No entanto, por seu caráter inaugural, suas obras são referências clássicas com presença e contribuições não apenas para os dias atuais, mas para o desenvolvimento futuro da Saúde Coletiva brasileira.
Assuntos
História do Século XX , Sociologia/história , Saúde Pública/história , BrasilRESUMO
This article aims to reconstruct the history of the term "racial democracy" in Brazilian sociological literature. This term, usually associated with the idea of "myth", is used in many studies of race relations without little definition or clarity. This article retraces its origins, in particular by showing that the concept is not the invention of Gilberto Freyre. It then examines the evolution of its use with particular emphasis on Unesco's research in the 1950s and the texts of Florestan Fernandes in the 1960s.