RESUMO
The study objective was to evaluate human faecal contamination impacts in the Yal-ku lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean and to estimate adenovirus infection and illness risks associated with recreational exposure during water activities. A total of 20 water samples (10 from each site × two sites) (50 L) were collected monthly over a period of 12 months from two selected sampling sites in the swimming area of the Yal-ku lagoon. The occurrence of faecal-associated viruses was explored, and human adenovirus (HAdV) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) concentrations were quantified. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model was used to estimate exposure and subsequent adenovirus infection and illness risk for 1 h of swimming or snorkelling. Somatic and F + -specific coliphages occurred in 100% of the samples. Both HAdV and PMMoV were detected at a 60% frequency thereby indicating persistent faecal inputs. PMMoV concentrations (44-370 GC/L) were relatively lower than the concentrations of HAdV (64-1,000 GC/L). Estimated mean adenovirus risks were greater for snorkelling than for swimming by roughly one to two orders of magnitude and estimated mean illness risks for snorkelling were >32/1,000. Human faecal contamination is frequent in the Yal-ku lagoon, which is associated with human gastrointestinal illness.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenoviridae , Adenovírus Humanos , Tobamovirus , Humanos , Região do Caribe , Água , SorbitolRESUMO
Films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and cationic starch (CS) were combined with different percentages of sorbitol (S; 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0% w v-1) to assess the effect of plasticizer on the films. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the interaction between them. However, micrographs indicated the formation of sorbitol crystals on the surface of the films, especially at higher sorbitol concentrations. The blends presented low water vapor transmission rate values, reaching (7.703 ± 0.000) g h-1 m-2 (PVA75CS25S15), and low solubility values for the films containing higher CS amounts. The lack of statistical differences in most parameters suggests that no significant gain comes from increasing the amount of sorbitol at percentages higher than 15%. As a coating, the blend PVA75CS25S15 successfully decreased the loss of moisture content in acerolas by 1.15 times (compared to the control), confirming the suitability of this matrix as a fruit coating.
Assuntos
Álcool de Polivinil , Amido , Amido/química , Álcool de Polivinil/química , Plastificantes/química , Análise Espectral , Etanol , SorbitolRESUMO
Currently, polypropylene (PP) is highlighted using sorbitol-based clarifying agents since these agents are high quality, low cost, and work as a barrier against moisture, which makes PP ideal for packaging food, beverages, and medical products, among others. The use of analytical methods capable of recovering these additives in wastewater streams and then reusing them in the PP clarification stage represents an innovative methodology that makes a substantial contribution to the circular economy of the PP production industry. In this study, a method of extraction and recovery of the Millad NX 8000 was developed. The additive was recovered using GC-MS and extracted with an activated carbon column plus glass fiber, using an injection molded sample, obtaining a recovery rate greater than 96%. TGA, DSC, and FTIR were used to evaluate the recovered additive's glass transitions and purity. The thermal degradation of the recovered additive was found to be between 340 and 420 °C, with a melting temperature of 246 °C, adopting the same behavior as the pure additive. In FTIR, the characteristic absorption peak of Millad NX 8000 was observed at 1073 cm-1, which indicates the purity of the extracted compound. Therefore, this work develops a new additive recovery methodology with high purity to regulate the crystallization behavior and of PP.
Assuntos
Sorbitol , Águas Residuárias , Polipropilenos/química , Polímeros , Embalagem de ProdutosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bodying agents (erythritol, sorbitol, xylitol, and polydextrose) and their mixtures on the preparation of mixed Brazilian Cerrado fruit preserves (marolo, soursop, and sweet passion fruit). Mixture design was used for product optimization and the preserves were evaluated by texture profile, stress relaxation test, and uniaxial compression test. The research data were analyzed using regression equations on SAS software. The results indicated that the rheological parameters were affected by the body agents. Erythritol should not be used as an isolated component because it provoked changes in the properties of the final product (harder and brittle preserves); xylitol and sorbitol made preserves more elastic, cohesive, and more fragile; and polydextrose showed a synergistic effect with erythritol for rupture deformation and lesser effects for hardness, adhesiveness, and gumminess.
Assuntos
Frutas , Xilitol , Brasil , Sorbitol , EritritolRESUMO
Differential rootstock tolerance to Fusarium spp. supports viticulture worldwide. However, how plants stand against the fungus still needs to be explored. We hypothesize it involves a differential metabolite modulation. Thus, we performed a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Paulsen P1103 and BDMG573 rootstocks, co-cultured with Fusarium oxysporum (FUS) for short, medium, and long time (0, 4, and 8 days after treatment [DAT]). In shoots, principal component analysis (PCA) showed a complete overlap between BDMG573 non-co-cultivated and FUS at 0 DAT, and P1103 treatments showed a slight overlap at both 4 and 8 DAT. In roots, PCA exhibited overlapping between BDMG573 treatments at 0 DAT, while P1103 treatments showed overlapping at 0 and 4 DAT. Further, there is a complete overlapping between BDMG573 and P1103 FUS profiles at 8 DAT. In shoots, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone at 0 and 4 DAT and maltose at 4 and 8 DAT were biomarkers for BDMG573. For P1103, glyceric acid, proline, and sorbitol stood out at 0, 4, and 8 DAT, respectively. In BDMG573 roots, the biomarkers were ß-alanine at 0 DAT, cellobiose and sorbitol at both 4 and 8 DAT. While in P1103 roots, they were galactose at 0 and 4 DAT and 1,3-dihydroxyacetone at 8 DAT. Overall, there is an increase in amino acids, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid components in tolerant Paulsen P1103 shoots. Thus, it provides a new perspective on the primary metabolism of grapevine rootstocks to F. oxysporum that may contribute to strategies for genotype tolerance and early disease identification.
Assuntos
Fusarium , Vitis , Vitis/metabolismo , Di-Hidroxiacetona/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Sorbitol/metabolismoRESUMO
This study investigated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of KWI18, a new synthetic peptide. KWI18 was tested against planktonic cells and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida parapsilosis biofilms. Time-kill and synergism assays were performed. Sorbitol, ergosterol, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation assays were used to gain insight into the mechanism of action of the peptide. Toxicity was evaluated against erythrocytes and Galleria mellonella. KWI18 showed antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.5 to 10 µM. KWI18 at 10 × MIC reduced P. aeruginosa and C. parapsilosis biofilm formation and cell viability. Time-kill assays revealed that KWI18 inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa in 4 h and that of C. parapsilosis in 6 h. The mechanism of action was related to ergosterol as well as induction of oxidative damage in cells and biofilms. Furthermore, KWI18 demonstrated low toxicity to erythrocytes and G. mellonella. KWI18 proved to be an effective antibiofilm agent, opening opportunities for the development of new antimicrobials.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Peptídeos Antimicrobianos , Biofilmes , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Hospitais , Ergosterol/farmacologia , Sorbitol/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Treatment with low temperatures can be used to quarantine mangoes against fruit-fly infestation. However, mangoes can develop chilling injury (CI) when stored at temperatures below 13 °C. We demonstrated that the immersion in polyol solutions can alleviate CI symptoms in 'Palmer' mangoes stored at 8 °C. These suggest that polyols can be used to reduce CI in mangoes during quarantine at low temperatures. Thus, we investigated the efficacy of applying 0.1% (v/v) glycerol, propylene glycol, or sorbitol to 'Palmer' mangoes subjected to cold treatment (1.0 °C) for 28 days. Mangoes were then ripened at 23 °C for 7 days. RESULTS: Among these polyols, sorbitol was the most effective in alleviating CI for up to 14 days of cold treatment. Mangoes treated with sorbitol showed lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and reduced polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. These fruit also had elevated levels of ascorbate (AsA), especially in the epicarp, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. CONCLUSION: Sorbitol can reduce the CI, but to an unsatisfying level, and it should be combined with other treatments storage at low temperature. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Mangifera , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Temperatura Baixa , Frutas , Quarentena , SorbitolRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia de un hidrogel compuesto con aloe vera, sorbitol, alantoína y glicerol, y estudiar clínicamente los niveles de interleucina 6 (IL-6) para el tratamiento de úlceras venosas (UV). MÉTODO: Se realizó un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado de un solo brazo en 10 sujetos. Cada sujeto fue tratado con el hidrogel durante ocho semanas. Tras completar el período de seguimiento, se realizó una evaluación final de las puntuaciones clínicas y moleculares de cada paciente, que se comparó con los datos iniciales. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes tratados con el hidrogel presentaron una reducción media del área de la UV de -1,12 cm5 (±2,53), reducción media del volumen de -1,47 cm6 (±3,43) y valor medio de IL-6 perilesional de -1,81 pg/mL (±8,07). También, se encontró una reducción media de la puntuación de la gravedad clínica venosa (VCSSr) de -9,3 (±2,62) y de la puntuación del dolor en la escala visual analógica (VAS) de -5,5 (±2,22). CONCLUSIÓN: La IL-6 es un indicador molecular útil para la vigilancia de la cicatrización de heridas. El tratamiento con un hidrogel a base de aloe vera, sorbitol y alantoína favorece la cicatrización de la herida, mejora la calidad de vida y reduce los niveles de dolor de la UV. CONFLICTO DE INTERÉS: El investigador principal, Dr Jorge Ulloa, declara recepción de recursos para investigación por parte de Humany Care. Este proyecto fue financiado por Humany Care.
Assuntos
Aloe , Úlcera Varicosa , Humanos , Alantoína , Glicerol , Hidrogéis , SorbitolRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia de un hidrogel compuesto con aloe vera, sorbitol, alantoína y glicerol, y estudiar clínicamente los niveles de interleucina 6 (IL-6) para el tratamiento de úlceras venosas (UV). MÉTODO: Se realizó un ensayo clínico no aleatorizado de un solo brazo en 10 sujetos. Cada sujeto fue tratado con el hidrogel durante ocho semanas. Tras completar el período de seguimiento, se realizó una evaluación final de las puntuaciones clínicas y moleculares de cada paciente, que se comparó con los datos iniciales. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes tratados con el hidrogel presentaron una reducción media del área de la UV de -1,12 cm5 (±2,53), reducción media del volumen de -1,47 cm6 (±3,43) y valor medio de IL-6 perilesional de -1,81 pg/mL (±8,07). También, se encontró una reducción media de la puntuación de la gravedad clínica venosa (VCSSr) de -9,3 (±2,62) y de la puntuación del dolor en la escala visual analógica (VAS) de -5,5 (±2,22). CONCLUSIÓN: La IL-6 es un indicador molecular útil para la vigilancia de la cicatrización de heridas. El tratamiento con un hidrogel a base de aloe vera, sorbitol y alantoína favorece la cicatrización de la herida, mejora la calidad de vida y reduce los niveles de dolor de la UV. CONFLICTO DE INTERÉS: El investigador principal, Dr Jorge Ulloa, declara recepción de recursos para investigación por parte de Humany Care. Este proyecto fue financiado por Humany Care.
Assuntos
Aloe , Úlcera Varicosa , Humanos , Alantoína , Glicerol , Hidrogéis , SorbitolRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the antifungal activity of cinnamaldehyde on Candida spp. In vitro and in situ assays were carried out to test cinnamaldehyde for its anti-Candida effects, antibiofilm activity, effects on fungal micromorphology, antioxidant activity, and toxicity on keratinocytes and human erythrocytes. Statistical analysis was performed considering α = 5%. RESULTS: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of cinnamaldehyde ranged from 18.91 µM to 37.83 µM. MIC values did not change in the presence of 0.8 M sorbitol, whereas an 8-fold increase was observed in the presence of ergosterol, suggesting that cinnamaldehyde may act on the cell membrane, which was subsequently confirmed by docking analysis. The action of cinnamaldehyde likely includes binding to enzymes involved in the formation of the cytoplasmic membrane in yeast cells. Cinnamaldehyde-treated microcultures showed impaired cellular development, with an expression of rare pseudo-hyphae and absence of chlamydoconidia. Cinnamaldehyde reduced biofilm adherence by 64.52% to 33.75% (p < 0.0001) at low concentrations (378.3-151.3 µM). Cinnamaldehyde did not show antioxidant properties. CONCLUSIONS: Cinnamaldehyde showed fungicidal activity through a mechanism of action likely related to ergosterol complexation; it was non-cytotoxic to keratinocytes and human erythrocytes and showed no antioxidant activity.