RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine dental caries frequency and to analyze salivary and bacterial factors associated with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients. Also, a proposal to identify dental caries by a surface, teeth, and the patient was developed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, blinded study that included 60 SLE patients divided into two groups of 30 subjects each, according to the Activity Index for Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLEDAI). The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and Integrative Dental Caries Index (IDCI) were used for analyzing dental caries. The saliva variables recorded were: flow, pH, and buffer capacity. The DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were estimated by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The caries frequency was 85% for SLE subjects (73.3% for inactive systemic lupus erythematous (ISLE) and 100% for active systemic lupus erythematous (ASLE)); DMFT for the SLE group was 12.6 ± 5.7 and the IDCI was (9.8 ± 5.9). The ASLE group showed a salivary flow of 0.65 compared with 0.97 ml/1 min from the ISLE group; all variables mentioned above showed a statistical difference (p < 0.05). The salivary pH was 4.6 (6.06 for ISLE and 3.9 for ASLE). The DNA copies of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were high; all variables mentioned above show a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) between groups. CONCLUSION: SLE patients had high DMFT and IDCI scores that were associated with a decrease in salivary flow, pH, and buffer capacity. There were high counts of S. sobrinus and S. mutans species, and IDCI is a useful tool to provide more detail about dental caries in epidemiological studies.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/metabolismo , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/microbiologia , Saliva/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Carga Bacteriana , Estudos Transversais , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saliva/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/fisiopatologia , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus sobrinus/genética , Streptococcus sobrinus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: To evaluate the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method for detection and quantitation of bacteria from the internal parts of dental implants and to compare bacterial leakage from implants connected either to cast or to pre-machined abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine plastic abutments cast in a Ni-Cr alloy and nine pre-machined Co-Cr alloy abutments with plastic sleeves cast in Ni-Cr were connected to Branemark-compatible implants. A group of nine implants was used as control. The implants were inoculated with 3 microl of a solution containing 10(8) cells/ml of Streptococcus sobrinus. Bacterial samples were immediately collected from the control implants while assemblies were completely immersed in 5 ml of sterile Tripty Soy Broth (TSB) medium. After 14 days of anaerobic incubation, occurrence of leakage at the implant-abutment interface was evaluated by assessing contamination of the TSB medium. Internal contamination of the implants was evaluated with the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. RESULTS: DNA-DNA hybridization was sensitive enough to detect and quantify the microorganism from the internal parts of the implants. No differences in leakage and in internal contamination were found between cast and pre-machined abutments. Bacterial scores in the control group were significantly higher than in the other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Bacterial leakage through the implant-abutment interface does not significantly differ when cast or pre-machined abutments are used. The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique is suitable for the evaluation of the internal contamination of dental implants although further studies are necessary to validate the use of computational methods for the improvement of the test accuracy.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Dente Suporte/microbiologia , Implantes Dentários/microbiologia , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Sondas de DNA , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Infiltração Dentária/microbiologia , Humanos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Streptococcus sobrinus/genética , Streptococcus sobrinus/isolamento & purificação , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Streptococcus mutans y Streptococcus sobrinus han sido indicados como los principales agentes etiológicos de la caries dental. Sin embargo, los métodos microbiológicos y bioquímicos, disponibles actualmente en Chile, no permiten la rápida detección e identificación de estas bacterias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue implementar la metodología de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para detectar la presencia de S. mutans y S. sobrinus en saliva. Participaron de este estudio 51 escolares (5 a 17 años), provenientes de cinco diferentes colegios de la ciudad de Temuco; a los cuales se les realizó recuento de estreptococos del grupo mutans en saliva por método microbiológico y la diferenciación de especies por la técnica de PCR. Los resultados mostraron que la sensibilidad para la técnica de PCR fue 1000 UFC/mL de saliva, diez veces superior a la sensibilidad del método microbiológico utilizado (10.000 UFC/mL). Además, el análisis de la especificidad de la amplificación, evaluada por restricción enzimática, confirmó la presencia de las bacterias investigadas. La prevalencia de S. mutans fue de 88.2 por ciento y para S. sobrinus de 11.8 por ciento. La presencia conjunta de ambas bacterias fue observada en 7.8 por ciento de los individuos. En conclusión, podemos señalar que la metodología implementada es útil para la detección rápida de S. mutans y S. sobrinus en saliva.
Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the main causative organisms of dental caries. Nevertheless, the microbiological and biochemical methods, available at the moment in Chile, do not allow to the fast detection and identification of these bacteria. The aim of this investigation is implement the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect the presence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in saliva. A total of 51 schoolchildren (5 to 17 years old) from five different schools from Temuco city (Chile) participated in this study. The presence of salivary mutans streptococci was determined by microbiological method, and the species differentiation was assessed using PCR technique. The sensitivity for the PCR technique was 1000 cfu/mL of saliva, ten times superior to the sensitivity of the microbiological method used (10,000 cfu/mL). In addition, the analysis of the specificity of the amplification, evaluated by enzymatic restriction, confirmed the presence of the investigated bacteria. The prevalence of S. mutans was of 88.2 percent and for 5. sobrinus was 11.8 percent. The combined presence of both bacteria was observed in 7.8 percent of the individuals. In conclusion, the obtained results indicate that the implemented methodology is useful for the rapid detection of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in saliva.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Saliva/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus sobrinus/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus sobrinus/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Chile , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Dental caries is a transmissible infectious disease in which Streptococcus mutans is a principal protagonist. Although it is widely believed that pregnancy is harmful to teeth, the effect of pregnancy on the development of caries is not clear. Considering this situation, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of infection and to differentiate bacterial species with cariogenic potential in pregnant women from the Araucania region in Chile, by bacteriological and molecular analysis. In this work, we evaluated 51 pregnant women aged 15 to 40 years. The results show that 100% of women are infected by mutans streptococci Group, and 70.6% exhibited high levels of infection (> 500.000 cfu/mL). The molecular analysis shows that Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus frequencies were 92.1% and 1.9%, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that pregnant women are a high risk group for caries development.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus sobrinus/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile , Índice CPO , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus sobrinus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Dental caries is a transmissible infectious disease in which Streptococcus mutans is a principal protagonist. Although it is widely believed that pregnancy is harmful to teeth, the effect of pregnancy on the development of caries is not clear. Considering this situation, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of infection and to differentiate bacterial species with cariogenic potential in pregnant women from the Araucania region in Chile, by bacteriological and molecular analysis. In this work, we evaluated 51 pregnant women aged 15 to 40 years. The results show that 100 percent of women are infected by mutans streptococci Group, and 70.6 percent exhibited high levels of infection (> 500.000 cfu/mL). The molecular analysis shows that Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus frequencies were 92.1 percent and 1.9 percent, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that pregnant women are a high risk group for caries development.
La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa, en la cual Streptococcus del grupo mutans, son los principales protagonistas. Aunque está ampliamente difundida la creencia de que el embarazo es perjudicial para la salud dental, el real efecto de esta condición sobre el desarrollo de caries aún no está claro. Considerando esta situación, el objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue evaluar los niveles de infección en mujeres embarazadas de la Región de La Araucanía (Chile) y diferenciar especies bacterianas con potencial cariogénico, de aquellas sin este potencial, mediante análisis bacteriológico y molecular. En el presente estudio fueron evaluadas 51 mujeres gestantes con edades que fluctuaron entre 15 y 40 años. Los resultados muestran que 100 por ciento) de las mujeres se encuentran infectadas por Streptococcus del grupo mutans, de las cuales 10,6 por ciento muestra un riesgo elevado de desarrollar caries (>500.000 ufc/ml). El análisis molecular mostró que las frecuencias de Streptococcus mutans y Streptococcus sobrinus fueron 92,1 por ciento y 1,9 por ciento, respectivamente. En conclusión, nuestros datos sugieren que las mujeres embarazadas son un grupo de alto riesgo para el desarrollo de caries dental.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus sobrinus/genética , Chile , Índice CPO , Fatores de Risco , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus sobrinus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The purposes of this study were to detect S. mutans and S. sobrinus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and to relate their presence to the incidence of dental caries in 42 Brazilian preschool children. Dental plaque samples were collected from the cervical margin of all erupted teeth of 5-6 years old children with primary dentition, using a sterile explorer. Examination of the dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index, performed following the World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria, showed a 2.71 score. Prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was respectively, of 85.7% and 14.3%; no dental plaque sample was either positive or negative for both bacterial species. Children harboring either S. mutans or S. sobrinus presented the same caries prevalence. PCR showed good discriminative ability for differentiation between these species, and suggested that it is a technique suitable for epidemiological studies on mutans streptococci.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus sobrinus/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Índice CPO , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus sobrinus/genética , Colo do Dente/microbiologia , Dente Decíduo/microbiologiaRESUMO
The purposes of this study were to detect S. mutans and S. sobrinus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and to relate their presence to the incidence of dental caries in 42 Brazilian preschool children. Dental plaque samples were collected from the cervical margin of all erupted teeth of 5-6 years old children with primary dentition, using a sterile explorer. Examination of the dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index, performed following the World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria, showed a 2.71 score. Prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was respectively, of 85.7 percent and 14.3 percent; no dental plaque sample was either positive or negative for both bacterial species. Children harboring either S. mutans or S. sobrinus presented the same caries prevalence. PCR showed good discriminative ability for differentiation between these species, and suggested that it is a technique suitable for epidemiological studies on mutans streptococci.
A presença de Streptococcus mutans e S. sobrinus, detectadas através da técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi comparada com a incidência de cárie dental em 42 crianças pré-escolares brasileiras. As amostras da placa dental foram obtidas utilizando-se um explorador estéril, o qual foi passado na margem cervical de todos os dentes erupcionados nas crianças de 5-6 anos de idade, as quais possuíam a dentição primária. Foi realizado um exame dental para a avaliação do índice ceod (índice de dentes decíduos cariados, extraídos por cárie ou obturados) de acordo com os critérios de diagnóstico de cárie preconizados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). O índice ceod foi de 2,71. A presença de S. mutans e S. sobrinus foi detectada em 85,7 por cento e 14,3 por cento das crianças analisadas respectivamente, nenhuma amostra da placa dental foi positiva ou negativa para a presença das duas bactérias ao mesmo tempo. As crianças que apresentavam S. mutans ou S. sobrinus isoladamente apresentaram o mesmo índice de cárie. A técnica de PCR apresentou um grande poder discriminatório entre as duas espécies o que sugere que ela é adequada para estudos epidemiológicos no grupo mutans.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus sobrinus/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Índice CPO , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Fatores Sexuais , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus sobrinus/genética , Colo do Dente/microbiologia , Dente Decíduo/microbiologiaRESUMO
Dental caries is an infectious and transmissible disease, in which many genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors interact. The mutans streptococci (MS), mainly Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the microorganisms most strongly associated with this disease. The main virulence factors associated with MS cariogenicity include adhesion, acidogenicity and acid tolerance. These properties work together to modify the physico-chemical properties of the biofilm, resulting in ecological changes in the form of increased proportions of S. mutans and other acidogenic and aciduric species. In addition, reports of higher numbers of S. mutans genotypes with increased virulence in caries-active subjects suggest the importance of microenvironmental factors in increasing the risk of caries. This review focuses on the transmission and establishment of different genotypes of S. mutans and the role they play in the development of dental caries.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/transmissão , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus mutans/patogenicidade , Animais , Aderência Bacteriana/genética , Bacteriocinas/genética , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Streptococcus sobrinus/genética , Streptococcus sobrinus/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
This study investigated the possible intrafamilial similarity of mutans streptococcal strains in some families with a child with Down syndrome using chromosomal DNA fingerprinting. The isolates were genotyped using arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction with the OPA 02 and OPA 03 primers. The results showed that five children with Down syndrome harbored mutans streptococci genotypes different from those of their mothers. A matching of genotypes was observed within the control pair (mother/child without Down syndrome). After six months, new samples were collected from all participants. Analysis showed that samples from children with Down syndrome were colonized by a new strain of Streptococcus mutans that did not match the previously collected one. The results suggest the S. mutans indigenous bacteria change more than once in children with Down syndrome.
Assuntos
Impressões Digitais de DNA/métodos , Primers do DNA , Síndrome de Down/microbiologia , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico/métodos , Streptococcus mutans/classificação , Adolescente , Criança , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Feminino , Seguimentos , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Mães , Saliva/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus sobrinus/classificação , Streptococcus sobrinus/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to perform a follow-up evaluation of the Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus colonization profile of children's oral cavities, which included the pattern of vertical transmission from mother to child, genotypic diversity, and stability of the strains. The subjects were 16 mother-child pairs, who were monitored for 20 months. Samples of saliva, tongue dorsum, alveolar ridge mucosa, and dental plaque from the children were collected bimonthly. Saliva samples from the mothers were also collected. After isolation and identification, the arbitrarily primed PCR method was performed for the genotypic characterization of S. mutans (968 isolates) and S. sobrinus (111 isolates). At the time the strains were acquired, the children harbored one to four distinct genotypes of S. mutans and only one genotype of S. sobrinus. Although S. mutans prevalence and genotypic diversity were greater than those of S. sobrinus, the presence of matching genotypes of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was similar (in 81.25 and 83.33% of mother-child pairs, respectively), suggesting vertical transmission for both species. This longitudinal study showed an increase in genotypic diversity of S. mutans in the oral cavity during the follow-up period: most of the initially acquired genotypes persisted, normally those genotypes transmitted by the mother, and some were lost during follow-up; new strains were also acquired. In conclusion, S. mutans and S. sobrinus genotypes acquired from maternal or alternative sources may show effective persistence in the oral cavity and/or transitory detection in the children's mouths, reflecting the continuous development of oral microbiota in children.