RESUMO
Background: Aural or auricular hematoma is an important and prevalent surgical condition in small animals practice, and commonly reported in companion pets. The condition is characterized by blood accumulation between the pinnae's dermal surface and the underlying perichondrium. In farm animals, most cases present surgical treatment with drainage of serosanguineous fluid from acute cases with clinical evolution ranging from 1 to 5 days. Therefore, the present work reports the clinical features, surgical treatment and outcome of aural hematomas in 3 small ruminants with a chronic evolution (7 to 20 days), detailing the post-surgical complications, such as wound infection and recurrence, and final cosmetic appearance of the pinnae. Cases: Upon physical examination, all animals were alert and presenting a good body condition score. Clinical alteration was restricted to a bilateral (Case 1) or unilateral (Cases 2 & 3) painless, and fluid-filled swelling, presenting doughy consistency masses within the fluid during pinna manipulation. The fluid-filled swellings were located on the concave (Case 1 - left ear & Case 2) and convex (Case 1 - right ear & Case 3) surface of the pinna. No primary pruritic disorders of the pinna were detected, and a diagnosis of traumatic aural hematoma was proposed. Due to the chronicity of the cases, surgical approach was advisable. The small ruminants underwent general anesthesia, and a linear incision over the skin overlying the hematoma was performed (Cases 1 & 2). After removal of blood and fibrin clots, the cavity was flushed and captonated size 0 nylon mattress sutures were performed on either side of the incision, in order to obliterate the dead space. Due to recurrence after 14 days, Case 2 was submitted to a modified surgical approach using a S-shaped incision combined to multiple drainage holes (MDH) using a disposable 6 mm biopsy punch. The same approach has performed in Case 3. Then, size 0 nylon mattress sutures followed by a tight protective pressure and absorbent bandage combined with an Elizabethan collar was applied. Postoperatively, Case 1 presented surgical site infection and the antibiotic was changed after bacterial culture and antibiogram results. Hospital discharge varied from 14 to 19 days' post-surgery. All animals presented some degree of ear retraction and a linear or S-shaped scar on the affected ear, but final cosmetic appearance was satisfactory to all owners. Discussion: Aural or auricular hematomas are a frequent disorder in dogs and cats clinical practice. In sheep, the few reported cases have been associated with pruritic disorders of the pinna, such as ticks infestation and sarcoptic mange. Whilst in goats, traumatic injuries, such as ear tagging and trauma from others goats, are considered the main cause, especially in breeds with pendulous ear. In our cases with chronic evolution (> 7 days), the most important clinical feature was the presence of doughy consistency masses within the fluid, suggesting matured blood and fibrin clots. A linear incision with captonated size 0 nylon mattress sutures was associated to post-surgical complications, such as wound infection and aural hematoma recurrence. Therefore, a S-shaped incision associated to creation of MDH, in order to achieve better drainage, was the chosen approach in the second surgery (Case 2) and on the subsequent patient (Case 3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using the MDH approach in farm animals, that appears to be an effective treatment for chronic aural hematomas in small ruminants.
Assuntos
Animais , Sucção/veterinária , Cabras , Ovinos , Orelha/patologia , Hematoma/veterinária , Biópsia por Agulha/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy system has been used as a noninvasive wound managementtechnique for shell damage in Chelonians. These animals are excellent candidates for VAC therapy because of their uniqueshell anatomy consists of dermal bones, which make bandage placement easier. Beyond that, they are suited for this technique behaviorally, because they are not inclined to remove the vacuum system intentionally. Considering the possibilityof Testudines shell repair with the use of less invasive techniques, that result no additional dermal bone lesions, the objective of the present study is to describe the adaptation of a vacuum dressing protocol using low-cost and easily accessiblematerials for post-traumatic shell healing of a specimen of Chelonoidis carbonaria.Case: A specimen of tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria), a male, weighing 630 g, approximately 3-year-old, was received atthe Veterinary Hospital - Wild Animals Sector in the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) after of being run over by a vehicle.On physical examination, fractures of the dermal plaques and underlying bone structures were found, with rupture of thecoelomic cavity. In addition, there was exposure and incarceration of an intestinal loop, with the presence of bleeding.According to the findings of the physical screening examination, the patients prognosis was defined as good, as describedin the literature that specifically focused on chelonian shell injuries. The animal was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector.Then, drug therapy was provided for pain control, vitamins were administered for nutritional support, and antibiotics andanti-inflammatory drugs were instituted. For the closure of the shell and coelomic cavity, a bandage was used with theVAC therapy system adapted as described for Chelonians in previous reports. After a complete osteosynthesis and closureof the coelomic cavity, repair of the integumentary component of the shell was...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Tartarugas/lesões , Sucção/veterinária , Consolidação da Fratura , Vácuo , Bandagens/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy system has been used as a noninvasive wound managementtechnique for shell damage in Chelonians. These animals are excellent candidates for VAC therapy because of their uniqueshell anatomy consists of dermal bones, which make bandage placement easier. Beyond that, they are suited for this technique behaviorally, because they are not inclined to remove the vacuum system intentionally. Considering the possibilityof Testudines shell repair with the use of less invasive techniques, that result no additional dermal bone lesions, the objective of the present study is to describe the adaptation of a vacuum dressing protocol using low-cost and easily accessiblematerials for post-traumatic shell healing of a specimen of Chelonoidis carbonaria.Case: A specimen of tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria), a male, weighing 630 g, approximately 3-year-old, was received atthe Veterinary Hospital - Wild Animals Sector in the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) after of being run over by a vehicle.On physical examination, fractures of the dermal plaques and underlying bone structures were found, with rupture of thecoelomic cavity. In addition, there was exposure and incarceration of an intestinal loop, with the presence of bleeding.According to the findings of the physical screening examination, the patients prognosis was defined as good, as describedin the literature that specifically focused on chelonian shell injuries. The animal was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector.Then, drug therapy was provided for pain control, vitamins were administered for nutritional support, and antibiotics andanti-inflammatory drugs were instituted. For the closure of the shell and coelomic cavity, a bandage was used with theVAC therapy system adapted as described for Chelonians in previous reports. After a complete osteosynthesis and closureof the coelomic cavity, repair of the integumentary component of the shell was...
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Consolidação da Fratura , Sucção/veterinária , Tartarugas/lesões , Bandagens/veterinária , VácuoRESUMO
The present study evaluated superovulatory responses and in vivo embryo production in cows treated with FSH starting 1 or 2 days after ovum pick-up (OPU). Thirty-three non-lactating Nelore cows were subjected to aspiration of all follicles ≥3mm for OPU. After OPU, cows were randomly divided into two groups in which the follicle superstimulatory treatments with FSH started 1 or 2 days after OPU (Groups D1 and D2, respectively). Data are presented as the least squares mean±s.e.m. The number of follicles ≥3mm before OPU was similar between groups (~34); however, cows in Group D2 had more follicles ≥3mm on the first day of FSH (15.2±2.3 vs 7.6±1.7; P=0.04) and a higher ratio of the number of follicles at first FSH/number of follicles before OPU (0.41±0.04 vs 0.24±0.02; P=0.01). In addition, Group D2 cows had a greater superovulatory response than did cows in Group D1 (18.9±2.8 vs 9.1±1.9 corpora lutea, respectively; P<0.03). However, there was no difference in the total number of recovered ova and embryos from cows in Groups D2 and D1 (5.1±1.4 vs 4.9±1.3, respectively; P>0.10). Nevertheless Group D2 cows had more freezable embryos than Group D1 cows (3.2±1.1 vs 1.3±0.5, respectively; P<0.05). Cows from Group D2 had a much higher proportion (P<0.001) of follicles ≥8mm compared with follicles ≥6mm and <8mm at the time of the last treatment with FSH. In conclusion, to obtain a greater production of viable embryos in superovulated cows after OPU, it is recommended to wait at least 2 days before starting FSH treatment.
Assuntos
Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Fertilização/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/administração & dosagem , Recuperação de Oócitos/veterinária , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Indução da Ovulação/veterinária , Superovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Bovinos , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Gravidez , Sucção/veterinária , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicle aspiration is used to recover cumulus-oocyte complexes (for IVF) and to synchronize follicular wave emergence (ablation of dominant follicle). Although aspirated follicles are generally supposed to undergo immediate atresia, there are indications that they may remain active. The objective was to evaluate the occurrence and characteristics of residual follicles (RF) after transvaginal follicle aspiration in cattle. Ovarian follicular wave emergence was synchronized in Holstein cows (N = 13) in the presence (groups 1 and 3) or absence (groups 2 and 4) of norgestomet implants. The largest follicle was aspirated at a diameter of 8 mm (groups 1 and 2) or 12 mm (groups 3 and 4). Ovarian follicles were visualized (transrectal ultrasonography) every 12 h after wave emergence. Follicular fluid samples were collected from the largest follicle and from the ensuing RF and concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were determined. After aspiration, 73.2% (52/71) of the follicles refilled with fluid, and a new antrum was detected 12 to 24 h later. Norgestomet did not affect (P > 0.05) RF occurrence or diameter, but in RF from group 4, concentrations of estradiol decreased (-530.7 ± 133.9 ng/mL; P < 0.01) whereas progesterone increased (+429.6 ± 171.7 ng/mL; P < 0.05) relative to preaspiration. In RF, there were three steroidogenesis patterns: (1) high estradiol concentration and high estradiol:progesterone ratio (estradiol-active RF); (2) low estradiol, but high progesterone concentrations (luteinized RF); and (3) low estradiol and low progesterone concentrations (inactive RF). Estradiol-active RF were more likely (P < 0.05) from follicles with high estradiol concentrations (regardless of diameter). In conclusion, fluid-filled structures (RF) with variable steroid production patterns are frequently formed after ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration. The occurrence and features of these RF depended on the diameter and status of these follicles before aspiration.
Assuntos
Bovinos , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/veterinária , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Bovinos/fisiologia , Células do Cúmulo , Estradiol/análise , Feminino , Líquido Folicular/química , Oócitos , Folículo Ovariano/diagnóstico por imagem , Folículo Ovariano/cirurgia , Pregnenodionas/administração & dosagem , Progesterona/análise , Sucção/veterinária , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodosRESUMO
The aim of the present study was two-fold. Experiment I: evaluate the effect of buserelin on llama's oocyte maturation after exogenous follicular activity suppression, followed by ovarian superstimulation with different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Experiment II: compare the number of follicles aspirated and the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered according to different doses of eCG followed by buserelin. Experiment I consisted in a control group (without buserelin) and a treatment group (with buserelin), both subdivided according to eCG dose administered: A: 500 IU; B: 1000 IU; C: 1500 IU. The treatment group received a single i.v. dose of 8 microg of buserelin when two or more dominant follicles were found at ultrasound evaluation and 20 h later were subjected to surgery. In group A, 83% of the llamas did not respond to superstimulation. In groups B and C differences were observed between the control and the treatment groups for the degree of COCs maturation (p < 0.05). In experiment II animals were divided into two groups according to the eCG dose administered: 1000 and 1500 IU. Twenty hours before surgery females received a single i.v. dose of 8 microg of buserelin. Average number of follicles aspirated and COCs recovered was higher (p < 0.05) with the administration of 1500 IU of eCG. A larger number of expanded COCs were obtained from follicles > or =7 mm in diameter. We conclude that buserelin aids the recovery of a larger number of expanded COCs. Administration of 1500 IU of eCG produces a higher number of follicles for aspiration and number of COCs recovered.
Assuntos
Busserrelina/administração & dosagem , Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Gonadotropina Coriônica/administração & dosagem , Células do Cúmulo/fisiologia , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Oócitos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Células do Cúmulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Cavalos , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Folículo Ovariano/diagnóstico por imagem , Indução da Ovulação/veterinária , Sucção/veterinária , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Coleta de Tecidos e Órgãos/veterinária , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate oocyte recovery and embryo yield using two different ovarian follicular aspiration schedules in donor cows of the Gir breed. Pluriparous, non-lactating Gir cows (n = 14) were randomly allocated to one of two groups, one of which had aspirations of ovarian follicular contents conducted once a week (TVFA-1x) and the other twice weekly (TVFA-2x), for nine consecutive weeks. Before follicle aspiration, follicular population was recorded in three classes according to size (> 6 mm, 6-9 mm and > 9 mm). The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered were identified, morphologically classified and in vitro matured, fertilized with Gir sperm and cultured in CR2 medium for 7 days. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the size of the largest follicle, number of follicles identified or follicular content aspirations between TVFA-1x and TVFA-2x groups. Large follicles (> 9 mm) were observed for all the aspiration intervals considered (3, 4 or 7 days). More oocytes were recovered per session in TVFA-1x as compared with TVFA-2x (8.9 +/- 0.8 versus 7.0 +/- 0.7, P < 0.01), resulting in a greater recovery rate in this group (74.3% versus 58.7%, P < 0.01). More COCs of Grade I were recovered from TVFA-2x (22.6% versus 13.3%, P < 0.01). There was no difference in cleavage rate between groups, but the percentage of embryos that reached the blastocyst stage was greater in TVFA-2x as compared with the TVFA-1x (31.8% versus 21.6%, P < 0.01). The greater in vitro performance qualities of TVFA-2x oocytes compensates for the greater oocyte recovery rate in TVFA-1x, demonstrating a greater embryo production potential. Despite showing uncommon follicular dynamics characteristics when subjected to follicular aspiration, Gir cows can be successfully used as oocyte donors for in vitro embryo production.