RESUMO
Based on the fact that taurine can increase lipid metabolism, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of acute taurine supplementation on lipid oxidation levels in healthy young men after a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise. A double-blind, acute, and crossover study design was conducted. Seventeen men (age 24.8 ± 4.07y; BMI: 23.9 ± 2.57 kg/m²) participated in the present study. Different doses of taurine (TAU) (3 g or 6 g) or placebo were supplemented 90 minutes before a single bout of fasting aerobic exercise (on a treadmill at 60% of VO2 max). The subjects performed three trials, and each one was separated by seven days. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the exercise protocol of each test to analyze plasma levels of glycerol and taurine. Lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were determined immediately after exercise for 15 minutes by indirect calorimetry. We observed that TAU supplementation (6 g) increased lipid oxidation (38%) and reduced the respiratory coefficient (4%) when compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). However, no differences in lipid oxidation were observed between the different doses of taurine (3 g and 6 g). For glycerol concentrations, there were no differences between trials. Six grams of TAU supplementation 90 minutes before a single bout of aerobic exercise in a fasted state was sufficient to increase the lipid oxidation post-exercise in healthy young men.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Exercício Físico , Jejum , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Taurina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Calorimetria Indireta , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Masculino , Oxirredução/efeitos dos fármacos , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Taurina/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In neonates on total parenteral nutrition (TPN), amino acids may be a risk factor for developing total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (TPNAC). We aimed, first, to compare methionine, cysteine, and taurine plasma levels between neonates on TPN who were receiving an intravenous amino acid solution based on a breast milk aminogram and those on an intravenous solution of pediatric amino acids based on an umbilical cord aminogram, and second, to determine the frequency of TPNAC. METHODS: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. Ninety-four neonates with a birthweight of 1000g or more and a gestational age of 30 wk or older were admitted and enrolled. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 7, and 14 d of TPN, and plasma amino acid concentrations were determined by ultra-high-resolution liquid chromatography. Continuous variables were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Student's t test; categorical variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Thirty-five neonates completed the study (Primene, nâ¯=â¯14; TrophAmine, nâ¯=â¯21). On day 14, methionine plasma concentrations were significantly lower in the Primene group than in the TrophAmine group (27 µmol/L versus 32.9 µmol/L, Pâ¯=â¯0.044); the taurine concentration was significantly higher in the same group (72.4 µmol/L versus 45.3 µmol/L, P < 0.0001). There were no differences in TPNAC incidence. CONCLUSIONS: Administering an intravenous solution of pediatric amino acids based on the umbilical cord aminogram yielded a higher taurine and lower methionine plasma concentration than did administering a similar solution based on the breast milk aminogram.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/administração & dosagem , Colestase/epidemiologia , Cisteína/sangue , Metionina/sangue , Nutrição Parenteral/efeitos adversos , Taurina/sangue , Peso ao Nascer , Colestase/etiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Eletrólitos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Leite Humano/química , Soluções/administração & dosagem , Cordão Umbilical/químicaRESUMO
Despite its beneficial effects for the cardiovascular system, taurine remains a controversial substance. Taurine increases cardiac muscle strength and prevents arrhythmias, but its benefits go beyond this. Determining taurine levels may become an issue of life or death. In aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, taurine may be a warning signal informing of the risk of death in a patient. High plasma taurine levels may identify those patients at a high risk for death or a vegetative state at discharge from the hospital; thus, taurine may be a vital marker for the prognosis of this disorder. This is even more relevant considering that the result occurred in patients with a good neurological grade at admission that would usually receive a good prognosis but, despite this, one out of four died or remained in a vegetative state. Maybe taurine is key to explain this apparent paradox.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/fisiopatologia , Taurina/sangue , Biomarcadores , Edema Encefálico/etiologia , Edema Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Prognóstico , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/sangue , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/etiologia , Vasoespasmo Intracraniano/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Taurine can affect the energy system metabolism, specifically the lipid metabolism, since an increase in lipid oxidation may promote carbohydrate savings. We hypothesized that taurine supplementation associated with high-intensity exercise could increase levels of lipolysis, benefiting swimmer performance. Nine male competitive swimmers performed two 400-m front crawl maximal efforts with a 1-week washout, and the athletes received 6 g of taurine (TAU) or placebo (PLA) supplementation 120 min before performing the effort. Oxygen consumption and the contribution of the energy systems were analyzed post effort using a Quark CPET gas analyzer. Blood samples were collected before, and 5 min post the effort for taurine and glycerol analysis. Immediately before and 3, 5, and 7 min post the effort, blood samples from the earlobe were collected to determine lactate levels. An increase of 159% was observed in taurine plasma levels 120 min post ingestion. Glycerol levels were higher in both groups post effort; however, the TAU condition promoted an 8% higher increase than the PLA. No changes were observed in swimmer performance or lactate levels; however, the percentage change in lactate levels (∆[La-]) was different (TAU: 9.36 ± 2.78 mmol L-1; PLA: 11.52 ± 2.19 mmol L-1, p = 0.04). Acute taurine supplementation 120 min before performing a maximal effort did not improve swimmer performance; however, it increased glycerol plasma levels and reduced both the ∆[La-] and lactic anaerobic system contribution.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Física/efeitos dos fármacos , Taurina/farmacologia , Adolescente , Atletas , Exercício Físico , Glicerol/sangue , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Masculino , Taurina/sangue , Taurina/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The practice of prolonged exercise with high intensity, as seen in triathlon training, can cause physiological imbalances that might result in muscle fatigue, muscle damage and changes in systemic inflammatory response, thus reduce the athletes' physical performance, therefore, both adequate total caloric and macronutrient intake also the use of a specific ergogenic aid, as taurine supplementation would be an alternative to prevent inflammation and muscle damage. In order to verify the effects of 8 weeks of taurine and chocolate milk supplementation, markers of muscle damage, inflammation, and aerobic capacity were quantified in triathletes. METHODS: A double-blind, crossover, randomized study was conducted with 9 male long-distance triathletes, aged 25-35 years. Supplementation of 3 g of taurine (TAU) or placebo (PLA) associated with 400 mL low fat chocolate milk was performed during an 8-week period. In order to verify the effects of the supplementation protocol markers of muscle damage as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), and inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified, also triathletes' performance was evaluated by exhaust test on a treadmill. RESULTS: It was observed a significant increase in taurine and CK plasma levels after TAU supplementation (P=0.02 and P=0.01, respectively). However, LDH concentrations did not differ significantly after the supplementations performed, and there were no changes in physical performance parameters; anaerobic threshold, perceived exertion, heart rate, and the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS: Taurine supplementation did not provide benefits on performance and muscle damage in triathletes.
Assuntos
Ciclismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Tolerância ao Exercício/efeitos dos fármacos , Fadiga Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Corrida , Natação , Taurina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Inflamação , Interleucina-6/sangue , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Masculino , Taurina/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ([(1)H]-NMR) spectroscopy has been used to investigate metabolites in serum and several types of tissue. We used NMR spectroscopy to explore the differential metabolic profiles in serum from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Moreover, metabolites with potential as biomarkers for identifying NPC patients were primarily identified. Serum samples were collected from 40 enrolled participants comprising 20 healthy subjects and 20 NPC patients. Samples were analyzed using a 600-MHz NMR spectrometer. The [(1)H]-NMR spectra were further analyzed with partial least squares-discriminant analysis for screening differential metabolites. NMR spectroscopy identified a total of eight metabolites that were present at different levels when the sera of NPC patients were compared with those of healthy individuals. Methionine, taurine (P < 0.05), and choline-like metabolites (P < 0.05) were mostly elevated in the sera of NPC patients. In contrast, the levels of lipids (P < 0.01), isoleucine (P < 0.05), unsaturated lipids (P < 0.01), trimethylamine oxidase (P < 0.05), and carbohydrates (P < 0.05) were lower in the sera of the NPC patients than in the healthy controls. We explored the differential metabolic profiles in sera from NPC patients. [(1)H]-NMR spectroscopy can be used to identify specific metabolites, and is capable of distinguishing between NPC patients and healthy individuals.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Metaboloma/genética , Metabolômica , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma , Colina/sangue , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Metionina/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologia , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Taurina/sangueRESUMO
Taurine (Tau) regulates ß-cell function and glucose homeostasis under normal and diabetic conditions. Here, we assessed the effects of Tau supplementation upon glucose homeostasis and the morphophysiology of endocrine pancreas, in leptin-deficient obese (ob) mice. From weaning until 90-day-old, C57Bl/6 and ob mice received, or not, 5% Tau in drinking water (C, CT, ob and obT). Obese mice were hyperglycemic, glucose intolerant, insulin resistant, and exhibited higher hepatic glucose output. Tau supplementation did not prevent obesity, but ameliorated glucose homeostasis in obT. Islets from ob mice presented a higher glucose-induced intracellular Ca(2+) influx, NAD(P)H production and insulin release. Furthermore, α-cells from ob islets displayed a higher oscillatory Ca(2+) profile at low glucose concentrations, in association with glucagon hypersecretion. In Tau-supplemented ob mice, insulin and glucagon secretion was attenuated, while Ca(2+) influx tended to be normalized in ß-cells and Ca(2+) oscillations were increased in α-cells. Tau normalized the inhibitory action of somatostatin (SST) upon insulin release in the obT group. In these islets, expression of the glucagon, GLUT-2 and TRPM5 genes was also restored. Tau also enhanced MafA, Ngn3 and NeuroD mRNA levels in obT islets. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the hypertrophy of ob islets tends to be normalized by Tau with reductions in islet and ß-cell masses, but enhanced δ-cell mass in obT. Our results indicate that Tau improves glucose homeostasis, regulating ß-, α-, and δ-cell morphophysiology in ob mice, indicating that Tau may be a potential therapeutic tool for the preservation of endocrine pancreatic function in obesity and diabetes.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Glucagon/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Taurina/administração & dosagem , Taurina/metabolismo , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Secreção de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/citologia , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Leptina/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/metabolismo , Taurina/sangueRESUMO
PURPOSE: Some researchers found decreased levels of plasma taurine in obese subjects and animals, and reduced expression of an important enzyme of taurine synthesis. These evidences, coupled with the metabolic imbalance of obesity and the possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of taurine, highlighted the use of taurine as a supplement in obesity treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether taurine supplementation, associated with nutritional counseling, modulates oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and glucose homeostasis in obese women. METHODS: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted with 16 women with obesity diagnosis and 8 women in the normal weight range. The obese volunteers were matched by age and body mass index and randomly assigned to either the placebo (3 g/day starch flour) or taurine (3 g/day taurine) group. The study lasted 8 weeks, and the experimental protocol included nutritional assessment and determination of plasma sulfur amino acids, insulin, and adiponectin, serum glycemia, and markers of inflammatory response and oxidative stress. RESULTS: Plasma taurine levels were significantly decreased (41%) in the obese volunteers. Both the placebo and taurine groups showed significant reduction in weight (3%), with no differences between groups. Different from placebo, taurine-supplemented group showed significant increase in plasma taurine (97%) and adiponectin (12%) and significant reduction in the inflammatory marker hs-C-reactive protein (29%) and in the lipid peroxidation marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Eight weeks of taurine supplementation associated with nutritional counseling is able to increase adiponectin levels and to decrease markers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in obese women.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Estresse Oxidativo , Taurina/uso terapêutico , Adiponectina/sangue , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/análise , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Dieta Redutora , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/imunologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Taurina/sangue , Redução de PesoRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive effects of taurine (TAU) supplementation upon monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity. Rats treated during the first 5 days of life with MSG or saline were distributed into the following groups: control (CTL), CTL-treated with TAU (CTAU), MSG and MSG-supplemented with TAU (MTAU). CTAU and MTAU received 2.5% of TAU in their drinking water from 21 to 90 days of life. At the end of treatment, MSG and MTAU rats were hyperinsulinemic, glucose intolerant and insulin resistant, as judged by the HOMA index. MSG and MTAU rat islets secreted more insulin at 16.7 mM glucose compared to CTL. MSG rats also showed higher triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) plasma levels, Lee Index, retroperitoneal and periepidydimal fat pads, compared with CTL, whereas plasma lipid concentrations and fat depots were lower in MTAU, compared with MSG rats. In addition, MSG rats had a higher liver TG content compared with CTL. TAU decreased liver TG content in both supplemented groups, but fat content only in MTAU rats. TAU supplementation did not change glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion and action, but reduced plasma and liver lipid levels in MSG rats.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos/sangue , Obesidade/metabolismo , Taurina/farmacologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Colesterol/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Hiperinsulinismo/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreção de Insulina , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Obesidade/induzido quimicamente , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Glutamato de Sódio , Taurina/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid for human that is involved in the control of glucose homeostasis; however, the mechanisms by which the amino acid affects blood glucose levels are unknown. Using an animal model, we have studied these mechanisms. Mice were supplemented with taurine for 30 d. Blood glucose homeostasis was assessed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTT). Islet cell function was determined by insulin secretion, cytosolic Ca2+ measurements and glucose metabolism from isolated islets. Islet cell gene expression and translocation was examined via immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Insulin signaling was studied by Western blot. Islets from taurine-supplemented mice had: (i) significantly higher insulin content, (ii) increased insulin secretion at stimulatory glucose concentrations, (iii) significantly displaced the dose-response curve for glucose-induced insulin release to the left, (iv) increased glucose metabolism at 5.6 and 11.1-mmol/L concentrations; (v) slowed cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) oscillations in response to stimulatory glucose concentrations; (vi) increased insulin, sulfonylurea receptor-1, glucokinase, Glut-2, proconvertase and pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1) gene expression and (vii) increased PDX-1 expression in the nucleus. Moreover, taurine supplementation significantly increased both basal and insulin stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in skeletal muscle and liver tissues. Finally, taurine supplemented mice showed an improved IPGTT. These results indicate that taurine controls glucose homeostasis by regulating the expression of genes required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In addition, taurine enhances peripheral insulin sensitivity.