RESUMO
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content is dependent on the energy requirements of tissues. To date, no comprehensive study has been conducted to examine mtDNA copy number variations in pigs. In the current study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify the mtDNA copy number in 15 pig tissue types at 5 growth stages from embryo to adult. Observable differences in mtDNA content were detected in the tissues, including a 6-fold greater mtDNA content in the heart compared with the lung of 180-day-old samples. mtDNA content in the heart, longissimus dorsi muscle, psoas major muscle, kidney, brain, ovary, and subcutaneous adipose increased with growth. Expression of the replicative mitochondrial helicase (TWINKLE), which regulates mtDNA turnover, was significantly associated with changes in mtDNA copy numbers across tissues during growth (r = 0.33, P = 0.01). We demonstrated that the expression levels of mitochondrial genes were positively correlated with mtDNA copy number.
Assuntos
Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Suínos/genética , Tecido Adiposo/embriologia , Tecido Adiposo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Encéfalo/embriologia , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , DNA Helicases/genética , DNA Helicases/metabolismo , Feminino , Rim/embriologia , Rim/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mitocôndrias/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/embriologia , Músculo Esquelético/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ovário/embriologia , Ovário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Suínos/embriologia , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
O lipoblastoma é um tumor mesenquimal raro, composto de lipoblastos que continuam sua proliferação após o período pós-natal e que acometem, predominantemente, a população pediátrica. Apresenta prognóstico excelente, apesar do potencial de invasão local e do crescimento rápido. Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente pediátrica portadora de volumosa lesão em antebraço direito, ocasionando importante comprometimento funcional do membro acometido. Aspectos relevantes no diagnóstico diferencial e manejo são discutidos neste trabalho, visto tratar-se de lesão com potencial risco incapacitante futuro, caso não manejada corretamente.
Lipoblastoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor occurring primarily in pediatric patients and formed by lipoblasts that proliferate after the postnatal period. Despite its potential for local invasion and rapid growth, its prognosis is excellent. In this study, we report the case of a pediatric patient with a ponderous lesion in the right forearm that caused considerable functional impairment of the affected limb. We also discuss the relevant aspects concerning the differential diagnosis and management of the disease, as it has the potential to cause incapacity without proper treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Lactente , História do Século XXI , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles , Cirurgia Plástica , Ferimentos e Lesões , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Tecido Adiposo , Adipócitos , Estudo de Avaliação , Lipoma , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologia , Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Ferimentos e Lesões/cirurgia , Tecido Adiposo/embriologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adipócitos/fisiologia , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Lipoblastoma , Lipoblastoma/cirurgia , Lipoblastoma/patologia , Lipoma/cirurgia , Lipoma/patologiaRESUMO
Both genetic and environmental factors (e.g. nutrition, life style) contribute to the development of the plurimetabolic syndrome, which has a high prevalence in the world population. Dietary n-3 PUFAs specially those from marine oil (EPA and DHA) appear to play an important role against the adverse effects of this syndrome. The present work examined the effectiveness of fish oil (FO) in reversing or improving the dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and adiposity induced in rats by long-term feeding a sucrose-rich diet (SRD). We studied several metabolic and molecular mechanisms involved in both lipid and glucose metabolisms in different tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, fat pad) as well as insulin secretion patterns from perifused islets under the stimulation of different secretagogues. Dietary FO reverses dyslipidemia and improves insulin action and adiposity in the SRD fed rats. FO reduces adipocytes cell size and thus, the smaller adipocytes are more insulin sensitive and the release of fatty acids decreases. In muscle, FO normalizes both the oxidative and non-oxidative glucose pathways. Moreover, FO modifies the fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids. In isolated beta cells, lipid contents and glucose oxidation return to normal. All these effects could contribute to the normalization of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and muscle insulin insensitivity.
Assuntos
Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo/embriologia , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Glucose/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sacarose/administração & dosagem , Triglicerídeos/metabolismoRESUMO
Chicken embryonic adipofibroblasts (CEA) accumulate intracytoplasmic lipids when cultured in medium containing chicken serum (CS), but not in medium with fetal bovine serum (FBS). To characterize this process of lipid accumulation, we evaluated the expression of the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.8) (GPDH), first in chicken tissues and then in CEA cultured under diverse conditions. GPDH activity in adipose depots from 4-wk-old broiler chickens was similar or higher than that shown by liver, the main organ for fatty acid synthesis in chickens, while skeletal muscle had the lowest levels of GPDH. In vitro, GPDH activity increased in CEA cultured in the presence of CS but not in medium with FBS, paralleling the lipid accumulation by these cells. Both lipid accumulation and GPDH activity were further increased in CEA cultured in the presence of embryonic CS. Our results show that GPDH is highly expressed in avian tissues related to lipid metabolism and therefore can be a reliable marker for avian adipogenesis, and suggest that ECS is an optimum source for the purification of avian adipogenic factors.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/enzimologia , Galinhas/metabolismo , Glicerolfosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Tecido Adiposo/embriologia , Animais , Sangue , Células Cultivadas , Embrião de Galinha , Meios de Cultura , Ácidos Graxos/biossíntese , Fibroblastos/enzimologia , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Fígado/citologia , Fígado/enzimologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/citologia , Músculo Esquelético/enzimologiaRESUMO
Currently the research on adipose tissue has yielded same insights of itïs function. On the embrionary state the differentiation between white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue signals different functions. The presence of multiple receptors and actions define itïs autocrine, paracline and endocrine roles
Assuntos
Humanos , Adipócitos , Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Receptor de Insulina , Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta , Receptores da Colecistocinina , Receptores da Corticotropina , Receptores de Glucagon , Receptores da Somatotropina , Receptores dos Hormônios Tireóideos , Tecido Adiposo/embriologia , Tecido Adiposo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de GlucocorticoidesRESUMO
There are still uncertainties about the origin of the fatty acids (FA) deposited in the foetus, notably the percentage derived from the maternal circulation. This study describes a method to determine the amount of FA synthesized de novo in the foetus and the amount derived from the maternal circulation. Autopsy samples of subcutaeneous adipose tissue were obtained from 42 black foetuses and newborn infants. Samples of similar tissue were obtained from 50 pregnant women and 13 non-pregnant black women during surgery. FA analysis was done by gas chromatography. The accretion rate of FA in foetal adipose tissue was calculated by linear regression analysis of the FA data obtained from foetal/infant samples from the 22nd to 43rd week of gestation. The rate of foetal FA synthesized de novo in adipose tissue was calculated as the difference between the total foetal FA accretion rate and an estimate of the maternally derived FA. The latter was estimated from the values for accretion rates of saturated FA (SAFA), mono-unsaturated FA (MUFA), and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and total FA in foetal tissue, and the SAFA, MUFA and PUFA composition of adipose tissue in women (Table). Results show that of the total FA increment in foetal adipose tissue (22.7mg/g wet wt./week), 86.6 per cent was synthesized de novo by the foetus and the rest (13.2 per cent) was maternally derived (AU)