RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: this study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of multilayer polyurethane foam with silicone (MPF) compared to transparent polyurethane film (TPF) dressings in the control of heel skin microclimate (temperature and moisture) of hospitalized patients undergoing elective surgeries. METHOD: the study took of a secondary analysis of a randomized self-controlled trial, involving patients undergoing elective surgical procedure of cardiac and gastrointestinal specialties in a university hospital in southern Brazil, from March 2019 to February 2020. Patients served as their own control, with their heels randomly allocated to either TPF (control) or MPF (intervention). Skin temperature was measured using a digital infrared thermometer; and moisture determined through capacitance, at the beginning and end of surgery. The study was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5GKNG5. RESULTS: significant difference in the microclimate variables were observed when the groups (intervention and control) and the timepoint of measurement (beginning and end of surgery) were compared. When assessing temperature, an increase (+3.3 °C) was observed with TPF and a decrease (-7.4 °C) was recorded with MPF. Regarding skin moisture, an increase in moisture (+14.6 AU) was recorded with TPF and a slight decrease (-0.3 AU) with MPF. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that MPF is more effective than TPF in controlling skin microclimate (temperature and moisture) in heels skin of hospitalized patients undergoing elective surgeries. However, this control should be better investigated in other studies.
Assuntos
Calcanhar , Microclima , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Brasil , Idoso , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Bandagens/normas , Bandagens/estatística & dados numéricos , Poliuretanos , AdultoRESUMO
Plyometric training has been used in several sports and fitness programs to improve jumping ability and explosive strength, both in individual and team sports. Eccentric muscle actions, such as those performed during plyometric jumps, induce muscle damage and consequently a rise in skin temperature (Tsk). Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the response of infrared thermography measurement as an indirect marker of muscle damage after a protocol of plyometric jumps in physically active subjects. Therefore, for the aim of this study ten male subjects with no previous experience in plyometric training participated in the research (age 22.5 ± 3.3 years, weight 71.7 ± 11.0 kg, height 171.1 ± 5.3 cm, and fat mass 15.5 ± 4.7%). To assess the muscle damage, countermovement jump (CMJ), creatine kinase (CK), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and infrared thermography (IRT) were measured at 24, 48, and 72 h after plyometric exercise. The acute exercise protocol of plyometric jumps induced muscle damage, as shown by the CK and DOMS (24 and 48 h, p < 0.05) but no statistical difference was shown between the moments analyzed in Tsk (warm zone). Nevertheless, when comparing baseline to 48h, a moderate effect was found in the Tsk (warm zone) for anterior right thigh (ES = 1.1) and posterior left thigh (ES = 0.9) and large effect was found for anterior left thigh (ES = 1.4) and posterior right thigh (ES = 1.3). A moderate effect in the Tsk (warm zone) was found for posterior right and left thigh (ES = 0.9 and ES = 1.1, respectively) when comparing baseline to 72h of IRT. These results suggest that a plyometric jumping session alters CK and DOMS, as well as the thigh's skin temperature in an evident way, bringing up a possible relation with markers of muscle damage.
Assuntos
Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Exercício Pliométrico , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Termografia , Adulto , Biomarcadores/análise , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Humanos , Raios Infravermelhos , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Mialgia/etiologia , Mialgia/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of head pre-cooling on the 5-km time-trial performance of amateur runners in the heat. In a counterbalanced design, 15 male amateur runners (22.6 ± 3.5 y; VO2 max in heat 42.3 ± 4.4 mLO2 /kg/min) completed two 5-km time trials performed in the heat (35°C, 50% relative humidity). In one trial (HCOOL), participants underwent 20 min of head cooling in a temperate environment (23°C, 70% relative humidity) prior to exercise. In another trial (CON), exercise was preceded by 20 min of rest under the same temperature conditions. Exercise time was shorter in HCOOL (25 min and 36 s ± 3 min) compared to CON (27 ± 3 min; p = 0.02). Rectal temperature was reduced during the pre-exercise intervention in HCOOL (p < 0.001), but not in CON (p = 0.55). Relative changes in rectal temperature and mean head temperature were lower throughout HCOOL when compared with CON condition (p = 0.005 and p = 0.022, respectively). Mean skin temperature, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion did not differ between HCOOL and CON conditions throughout exercise (p = 0.20, p = 0.52 and 0.31, respectively). Thermal comfort was lower in HCOOL condition in pre-exercise (p = 0.014) with no differences observed throughout exercise (p = 0.61). 5-km running performance in a hot environment was improved after a 20-min head cooling intervention, suggesting that this method may be practical as pre-cooling strategy and easily administered to both professional and amateur runners alike.
Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Cabeça/fisiologia , Temperatura Alta , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Corrida/fisiologia , Aclimatação/fisiologia , Temperatura Corporal/fisiologia , Temperatura Baixa , Água Potável/administração & dosagem , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Umidade , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Reto/fisiologia , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Sudorese/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between tools commonly used in the detection of physiological changes, such as clinical complaints, a biochemical marker of muscle injury, and performance data during official matches, with infrared thermography, which has been commonly used in the possible tracking of musculoskeletal injuries in athletes. Twenty-two athletes from a professional soccer club (age 27.7 ± 3.93 years; BMI 24.35 ± 1.80 kg/cm2) were followed during the season of a national championship, totaling 19 matches with an interval of 7 days between matches. At each match, the athletes used a Global Positioning System (GPS) device to collect performance data. Forty-eight hours after each match, every athlete's perception of recovery, fatigue, and pain was documented. Blood was collected for creatine kinase (CK) analysis, and infrared thermography was applied. Only athletes who presented pain above 4 in either limb were included for thermographic analysis. Each thermographic image was divided into 14 regions of interest. For statistical analysis, we included only the images that showed differences ≥ 1° C. Data normality was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with Dallal-Wilkinson-Lilliefors correction. We used the Pearson correlation coefficient to verify the correlation between infrared thermography and the biochemical marker, performance data, and clinical recovery scales. No correlation was observed between mean skin temperature and blood CK levels, pain level, perception of recovery, and fatigue perception (r <0.2, p>0.05). Thus, infrared thermography did not correlate with CK level, pain, fatigue perception, or recovery, nor with performance variables within the field.
Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Termografia/métodos , Adulto , Atletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior , Masculino , Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , Monitorização Fisiológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto/instrumentação , Futebol/fisiologia , Termografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to map the skin temperature (Tsk) of individuals with SCI and compare able-bodied individuals, and among the groups to demonstrate the effects of differences in the levels of injury (paraplegia and tetraplegia with high and low injuries). SETTING: Outpatient clinic, Brazil. METHODS: Individuals with tetraplegia (n = 20), paraplegia (n = 21), and able-bodied (n = 11) individuals were recruited. A noncontact infrared thermometer (IRT) was used to measure three times the Tsk at the forehead, and at the C2 to S2 dermatomes. Core body temperature was measured at the axilla using the IRT and three other clinical thermometers. RESULTS: Autonomic regulation is impaired by the injury. A Tsk map was constructed for the three groups. Significant differences in the Tsk of dermatomes were observed when comparing individuals with SCI and the able-bodied at the following dermatomes: C3, C7, T2, T3, T8, T9, L1, L2, L4, and S2. When comparing individuals with tetraplegia and able-bodied individuals, the dermatomes that showed significant differences were C5, C6, C8, T1, T10, L3, and S1. Dermatomes C5-C7, and T5 showed significant differences between individuals with tetraplegia and those with paraplegia. For L5 and S1 in paraplegia significant differences were found when comparing high with low injury. CONCLUSION: A Tsk map on dermatomes in individuals with SCI was implemented, and showed a significant difference between able-bodied. As temperature is a parameter for analyzing autonomic function, the study could benefit rehabilitation by providing baseline values when constructing clinical protocols.
Assuntos
Raios Infravermelhos , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Termografia/métodos , Termômetros , Adulto , Vértebras Cervicais/lesões , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares/lesões , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sacro/lesões , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico , Termografia/instrumentação , Termômetros/tendências , Vértebras Torácicas/lesõesRESUMO
Brito, CJ, Moreira, DG, Ferreira, JJ, Díaz-de-Durana, AL, Miarka, B, Bouzas Marins, JC, and Sillero-Quintana, M. Immune response related with skin thermal pattern in judokas: A new application for infrared thermography? J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2886-2894, 2020-This study investigated the association between body skin temperature (BST) and immune response after judo training, and compared the immune responses considering 2 post-training skin thermal pattern ("spots"-SPT and "localized"-LOC). For this, we evaluated 32 (25-male) black-belt judokas from the Spanish Junior National Team (18.0 ± 3.5 years, 72.4 ± 18.4 kg, and 17.1 ± 7.5% body fat). White blood cell and BST measurements were performed at pre-training, immediately, 1, and 24-hour post-training. Body skin temperature (° C) was estimated by skin temperature from 4 regions of interest (chest, upper arm, thigh, and calf). The main results indicated that 13 judokas were classified as SPT and 19 as LOC. In comparison with LOC, SPT had a significantly lower BST post-training (SPT = 33.0 ± 0.4 vs. LOC = 33.6 ± 0.8° C; p = 0.016), lower blood concentration of leukocytes (SPT = 7.9 ± 1.9 vs. LOC = 8.9 ± 1.9 cells × 10 per mm; p ≤ 0.001), and neutrophils (SPT = 5.5 ± 1.7 vs. LOC = 6.1 ± 2.2 cells × 10 per mm; p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, the BST and immune response after judo training seem to be not associated. However, when the skin thermal pattern is considered, the SPT skin thermal pattern presented a lower post-training BST, blood leukocytes, and neutrophils in comparison with the LOC group. These results show a possible relationship between skin thermal pattern and immune responses for the first time; however, further studies are needed to confirm the evidence presented here.
Assuntos
Imunidade/fisiologia , Artes Marciais/fisiologia , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Termografia/métodos , Adolescente , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Feminino , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Espanha , Termografia/normas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Stroke combined with Diabetes Mellitus may cause sensibility and vascular alterations. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sensitivity and plantar cutaneous temperature of clinically controlled patients with stroke and DM are different from those of patients with stroke only. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional case-control study. The volunteers were assessed for sensitivity by monofilament esthesiometry in their plantar region, and for temperature by infrared thermal imaging. The data was presented as means and standard deviations and comparisons were conducted with the Mann-Whitney statistical test, with statistical significance set at p< 0.05. RESULTS: Five cases and 11 controls were included according to the eligibility and pairing criteria. There were no discrepancies between the plegic and contralateral sides regarding temperature and sensibility of both cases and controls. However, in the control group, there was an observable tendency for different temperatures between the plegic and the contralateral sides, with p< 0.05 in most of the comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence that the cases and controls have different plantar sensibility nor different plantar temperature on their plegic and contralateral sides. However, significant temperature discrepancies between both plegic and contralateral sides were observed in the control group.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/patologia , Pé/patologia , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia , Fatores Etários , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , TermografiaRESUMO
The purposeof this study was to analyze skin temperature(Tsk)responses after a short-term maximum effort test in middle-distance runners.Aquasi-experimental study was conducted with ten men (age 23.5±5.10 years)who trained 5 days per week, 2 to 3 hours per day,and were submitted to thermographic evaluationbefore and after Cooper's 12-minute run test (CRT). The mean temperature of the anterior-superior,posterior-superior,anterior-inferior,and posterior-inferiorregionswas compared between the sides(i.e., left and right)before and after CRT.The paired t-testshowed asignificantdecrease in Tskafter CRT in thefollowingregions:right pectoralis major (-3.4%), left pectoralis major (-3.4%),and abdomen (-5%) in the anterior-superior view (p<0.01); and in the upper right trunk (-1.9%),upper lefttrunk(-1.9%) and lower back (-2.9%) in the posterior-superior view (p<0.05). In the lower limbs,asignificantincreaseintemperature of the left knee (1.6%),and right (3.6%) and left ankles (2.9%) in the anteriorview (p<0.05),as well as in theright (4.3%) and left ankles (3.7%) in the posteriorview (p<0.05)wereobserved. There was no difference in temperature between the right and left sides. In conclusion, the Tskchange of middle-distance runners wassymmetricalbetween sides,decreasing in upper limbs and trunk and increasing in lower limbs after a short-term maximum effort test.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Corrida/fisiologia , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Atletas , Termografia/instrumentação , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologia , Extremidade Superior/fisiologia , Esforço Físico/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in school-age children differs between the sexes and to explore the impact of dietary intake, sedentary behavior, and picky/fussy eating. STUDY DESIGN: Children aged 8.5-11.8 years of age (n = 36) underwent infrared thermography to determine the temperature of the skin overlying the main superficial BAT depot in the supraclavicular region before and after 5 minutes of mild cold exposure (single-hand immersion in cool tap water at about 20°C). The relationships between the supraclavicular region temperature and parental reports of food consumption, eating behavior, and inactivity were explored. RESULTS: The supraclavicular region temperature was higher in boys (n = 16) at baseline, and after cold exposure. Boys displayed a greater thermogenic response to cold. Strong negative correlations were observed between the supraclavicular region temperature and body mass index percentile, and differences in supraclavicular region temperature between girls and boys persisted after adjustment for body mass index percentile. A negative linear relationship was observed between protein and vegetable intake and supraclavicular region temperature in girls only, but did not persist after adjustment for multiple comparisons. There was no difference in the adjusted supraclavicular region temperature between active or inactive children, or picky and nonpicky eaters. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate sexual dimorphism in BAT thermogenic activity and a sex-specific impact of diet. Future studies should aim to quantify the contribution of BAT to childhood energy expenditure, energy imbalance, and any role in the origins of childhood obesity.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo Marrom/fisiologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Temperatura Cutânea/fisiologia , Termografia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Temperatura Baixa , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Termogênese , VerdurasRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different environment conditions on productive performance and surface temperatures of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during the initial stage of laying. In environmental controlled chambers, the birds were subjected to different temperatures and air velocities at the feeder. A total of 216 Japanese quails were distributed randomly in 2 galvanized wire cages, with 3 partitions each and 27 birds/cage. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with 2 treatments (air velocity at the feeder: 0, 1, 2, and 3 m/s and air temperature: 17, 23, 29, and 35°C) and 6 replicates. The productive performance was analyzed statistically (Sigma Plot 12.0) by 2-way ANOVA, with treatment means separated by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). To evaluate the main effects and interactions of the factors, the Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons test was performed using a mild condition as the control group (0 m/s). Feed intake did not differ (P > 0.05) among birds reared at temperatures of 23, 29, and 35°C, but higher feed intake was noted at 17°C. The mean values of egg production increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increased air velocity levels. It was observed that there was an increase in egg production and feed intake with the intensification of air velocity at the feeder, regardless of ambient temperature. Egg weight and feed conversion were not affected by air velocity treatments (P > 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between air temperature and mean surface temperature and head surface temperature. In contrast, a significant negative correlation was observed between air velocity and mean surface temperature and head surface temperature. Productive performance was affected by temperature and air velocity, except for egg weight and feed conversion, which was not influenced by air velocity. Air velocity is important in removing heat from the surface of birds.