RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of potentially life-threatening complications of hypocalcemia in infants and children in Olmsted County, Minnesota; and to determine if vitamin D deficiency contributed to these events and was, at the time of clinical presentation, considered as a possible cause. STUDY DESIGN: In this population-based descriptive study, data were abstracted from the Rochester Epidemiology Project, a medical record linkage system covering 95% of patients in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Participants were children aged 0-5 years who resided in Olmsted County between January 1, 1996 and June 30, 2017, and who received diagnoses of seizures, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, laryngospasm, and/or tetany. The incidence of hypocalcemia plus a potentially life-threatening complication was calculated. RESULTS: Among 15â419 patients aged 0-5 years in Olmsted County during the study period, 1305 had eligible complications: 460 had serum calcium checked within 14 days of presentation and 85 had hypocalcemia. Patients were excluded when causes other than hypocalcemia likely triggered the complication, leaving 16 children whose complication was attributed to hypocalcemia. Three of these 16 patients had a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement and 2 were deficient (≤6 ng/mL [15 nmol/L]). Among children aged 0-5 years, the incidence of hypocalcemia plus a potentially life-threatening complication was 6.1 per 100â000 person-years (95% CI, 3.5-10.0). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is an underinvestigated cause of complications of hypocalcemia in children. Serum calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D should be measured in children with these complications to identify possibly life-threatening vitamin D deficiency.
Assuntos
Hipocalcemia/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Cálcio/sangue , Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Cardiomiopatias/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Coleta de Dados , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Feminino , Parada Cardíaca/complicações , Parada Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipocalcemia/epidemiologia , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Laringismo/complicações , Laringismo/epidemiologia , Masculino , Minnesota , Insuficiência Respiratória/complicações , Insuficiência Respiratória/epidemiologia , Convulsões/complicações , Convulsões/epidemiologia , Tetania/complicações , Tetania/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the country's progress in eliminating neonatal tetanus based on the information obtained from epidemiologic surveillance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study of the epidemiological surveillance of neonatal tetanus in Colombia in the period ranging from 1989 to 2005. Available information was consulted regarding confirmations of this event of interest for Public Health. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 830 cases of neonatal tetanus were reported. In 1989, the rate of neonatal tetanus in Colombia was 0.22 per 1000 live births. In 2005, this value was reduced to 0.01 cases per 1000 live births; a reduction of nearly 94 %. CONCLUSIONS: Given the information provided by epidemiological surveillance, Colombia has achieved the goal of maintaining a rate<1 case per 1000 live births. Nevertheless, even one case anywhere in the country should be considered a failure of the healthcare system.
Assuntos
Vigilância da População , Tetania/prevenção & controle , Colômbia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Notificação de Doenças , Objetivos , Humanos , Incidência , Morbidade/tendências , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tetania/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objective Hypocalcaemia is a frequently arising complication following total thyroidectomy. Routine postoperative prophylactic administration of vitamin D or metabolites and calcium reduce the incidence of symptomatic hypocalcaemia; this article reports evaluating its cost-effectiveness in Colombia. Methods Meta-analysis was used for comparing the administration of vitamin D or metabolites to oral calcium or no treatment at all in patients following total thyroidectomy and a cost-effectiveness analysis was designed based on a decision-tree model with local costs. Results The OR value for the comparison between calcitriol and calcium compared to no treatment and to exclusive calcium treatment groups was 0.32 (0.13-0.79 95 %CI) and 0.31 (0.14-0.70 95 %CI), respectively. The most cost-effective strategy was vitamin D or metabolites and calcium administration, having a US $0.05 incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Conclusion Prophylactic treatment of hypocalcaemia with vitamin D or metabolites + calcium or calcium alone is a cost-effective strategy.
Objetivos La hipo calcemia es la complicación más frecuente después de tiroidectomía. La administración profiláctica de vitamina D o metabolitos y calcio reduce la incidencia de hipocalcémia sintomática. Se evalúa su costo-efectividad en Colombia. Materiales y métodos Utilizamos la información de un meta-análisis que comparó la administración de vitamina D o metabolitos contra calcio no tratamiento en pacientes llevados a tiroidectomía total y diseñamos un análisis de costo-efectividad basados en un modelos de decisiones con costos locales. Resultados El valor del OR para la comparación entre calcitriol y calcio comparado con no tratamiento o calcio exclusivo fue de 0.32 (95 % IC, 0.13- 0.79) y 0.31 (95 % IC, 0.14-0.70), respectivamente. La estrategia más costo-efectiva fue la administración de vitamina D o metabolitos y calcio, con una relación de costo-efectividad incremental de US $0.05. Conclusiones El tratamiento profiláctico de la hipo calcemia con vitamina D o metabolitos y calcio o calcio exclusivo después de tiroidectomía total es una estrategia costo-efectiva.
Assuntos
Humanos , Calcitriol/uso terapêutico , Carbonato de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Gluconato de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Hipocalcemia/prevenção & controle , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/economia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Tireoidectomia , Calcitriol/administração & dosagem , Calcitriol/economia , Carbonato de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Carbonato de Cálcio/economia , Gluconato de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Gluconato de Cálcio/economia , Cálcio/sangue , Colômbia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Árvores de Decisões , Custos de Medicamentos , Emergências/economia , Hipocalcemia/economia , Hipocalcemia/epidemiologia , Hipocalcemia/etiologia , Tempo de Internação/economia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Probabilidade , Tetania/epidemiologia , Tetania/etiologia , Tetania/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Hypocalcaemia is a frequently arising complication following total thyroidectomy. Routine postoperative prophylactic administration of vitamin D or metabolites and calcium reduce the incidence of symptomatic hypocalcaemia; this article reports evaluating its cost-effectiveness in Colombia. METHODS: Meta-analysis was used for comparing the administration of vitamin D or metabolites to oral calcium or no treatment at all in patients following total thyroidectomy and a cost-effectiveness analysis was designed based on a decision-tree model with local costs. RESULTS: The OR value for the comparison between calcitriol and calcium compared to no treatment and to exclusive calcium treatment groups was 0.32 (0.13-0.79 95 %CI) and 0.31 (0.14-0.70 95 %CI), respectively. The most cost-effective strategy was vitamin D or metabolites and calcium administration, having a US $0.05 incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic treatment of hypocalcaemia with vitamin D or metabolites + calcium or calcium alone is a cost-effective strategy.