RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that neonates with symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and absent ductus arteriosus (ADA) have worse clinical outcomes compared with those with a ductus arteriosus (DA), and that this difference is driven by those born with ADA and with critically deficient pulmonary blood flow (CDPBF). STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective, multicenter cohort study of neonates who underwent intervention for symptomatic TOF comparing death and reintervention between subjects with and without a DA identified on fetal echocardiogram or on echocardiogram performed in the first postnatal day. Exclusion criteria were as follows: inability to define DA status, collaterals supplying pulmonary blood flow, atrioventricular septal defect, and absent pulmonary valve. We defined CDPBF as undergoing a procedure to augment pulmonary blood flow on the date of birth or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation prior to such a procedure. RESULTS: The study cohort included 519 patients, among whom 11% had ADA. Patients with ADA were more likely to have a genetic syndrome and had smaller branch pulmonary artery size. In analyses adjusting for center, interventional treatment strategy, genetic syndrome, and minimum branch pulmonary artery size, ADA was associated with higher mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio of 2.37 (95% CI: 1.07,5.27; P = .034). Seven patients had CDPBF (1.3% of the entire cohort and 12% of patients with ADA). CONCLUSIONS: A minority of symptomatic TOF neonates have ADA, which is associated with higher adjusted mortality risk compared with those with a DA. CDPBF appears to be a rare but important entity in this population.
Assuntos
Tetralogia de Fallot , Humanos , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Masculino , Ecocardiografia , Estudos de Coortes , Canal Arterial/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Atrial flutter/fibrillation (AFL/AF) is a late complication in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Its effects on long-term prognosis are not fully understood. We evaluate the impact of AFL/AF in adults with repaired TOF on global mortality and unplanned hospitalizations during follow-up, and the predictors for AFL/AF occurrence. The presence of AFL/FA was analysed in all exams performed during the last 10 years of outpatients follow up in a unicentric cohort of repaired TOF between 1980 and 2003. Two-hundred and six patients were included; at a mean follow-up of 21 ± 8.2 years, there were 5 deaths (19.2%) in the AFL/AF group and 2 (1.1%) in those without arrhythmia (p < 0.001). Patients with AFL/AF where older at the time of the surgical repair (p < 0.001) and had a higher rate of reinterventions (p = 0.003). No differences were observed between the groups regarding the use of a transannular patch, ventriculotomy and previous palliative shunt. QRS duration was longer in patients with AFL/AF (174 ± 33.4) when compared to those without arrhythmia (147 ± 39.6; p < 0.0001). Age at surgery, QRS duration, and tricuspid regurgitation ≥ moderate were independent risk predictors for AFL/AF. In the multivariate analysis, atrial flutter/fibrillation and QRS duration were predictors of death and hospitalization. AFL/AF is associated with an increased risk of death and hospitalization during the follow-up of patients with repaired TOF. Early detection of AFL/AF and their predictors is an essential step in the evaluation of such population.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/etiologia , Flutter Atrial/etiologia , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Flutter Atrial/diagnóstico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tetralogia de Fallot/complicações , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We sought to identify patient and surgical factors associated with time to hospital discharge in patients undergoing complete repair for tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a prospective cohort study of patients with tetralogy of Fallot admitted for complete repair between May 1, 2012 and June 2, 2017 at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with detailed demographic, clinical, and operative characteristics. The primary outcome was time to hospital discharge. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify patient and operative predictors of time to hospital discharge. We enrolled 151 subjects, 62.8% male, 65.6% non-Hispanic white, and 9.9% non-Hispanic black. The median time to hospital discharge was 7 days (interquartile range 4, 12). Five patients died in the hospital, all of whom underwent tetralogy of Fallot repair beyond the neonatal period. Greater birth weight was associated with higher rate of hospital discharge (hazard ratio [HR]=1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.11, 1.64), while absent pulmonary valve versus pulmonary stenosis (HR=0.27, 95% CI=0.08, 0.91), pulmonary valve atresia versus pulmonary stenosis (HR=0.57, 95% CI=0.33, 0.97), presence of aortopulmonary collaterals (HR=0.44, 95% CI=0.24, 0.84), complete repair performed in the neonatal period (<30 days of life) (HR=0.45, 95% CI=0.27, 0.75), more than 1 cardiopulmonary bypass run (HR=0.33, 95% CI=0.18, 0.61), and longer aortic cross-clamp time (HR [per 10 minutes]=0.88, 95% CI=0.79, 0.97) were associated with lower rate of hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative hospital stay after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot is in part determined by patient and operative factors. Some (eg, surgical strategy for the symptomatic neonate) may be modifiable. These results may impact patient counseling, choice of surgical approach, and postoperative care.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Tempo de Internação , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Fatores Etários , Peso ao Nascer , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postoperative major bleeding is a relatively common complication of patients undergoing corrective surgery of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Life-threatening blood losses can lead to aggressive transfusions or reoperation. Little is known about the risk factors associated with a bleeding tendency in TOF patients. This study aimed to establish predictive models for postoperative blood loss and mortality in TOF patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study involving patients with TOF who were posted for corrective cardiac surgery in a single hospital between 2010 and 2015. Hospital records including sociodemographic, pre- and intra-operative characteristics were extracted. Postoperative blood loss (within 24 and 48 h) and 30-day mortality were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to identify determinants of outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were included in this study. The median age was 1 year (interquartile range = 0.62-5) and the male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Mean postoperative blood loss within 24 h was 283 ± 212 mL. In multivariate linear regression, preoperative hematocrit (ß = 6.63, P = 0.042) and duration of intraoperative oxygenator with CPB (ß = 5.16, P = 0.025) were significantly correlated with postoperative blood loss within 24 h. After adjusting for sociodemographic, intra- and post-operative characteristics, preoperative hematocrit (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.21), and postoperative red blood cell transfusions (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.16-12.9) showed statistically significant association with 30-day mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the multivariable model was 0.863. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative levels of erythrocytosis appear to predict postoperative blood loss and short-term mortality in TOF patients undergoing corrective surgery.
Assuntos
Policitemia/mortalidade , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/mortalidade , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidade , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Policitemia/sangue , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objective: To study the in-hospital outcome of adult patients who had undergone surgical repair for Tetralogy of Fallot. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology searching the hospital records. All those adult patients who had undergone repair for Tetralogy of Fallot from January 2012 to December 2014 were included in the study. All the patients were operated by the same surgical team. Patients who underwent primary repair as well as those with previous palliative procedures were included in the study. Thirty days outcome was studied by recording variables from the database. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Results: A total of 80 patients was included in the study, in which there were 48 (60%) male patients and 32 (40%) female patients. Mean age was 21±0.21 years. Those with previous palliation were 15 (18.75%). The associated problems observed were: atrial septal defect 27 (33.75%), right aortic arch 30 (37.5%), patent ductus arteriosus 6 (7.5%) and double outlet right ventricle 3 (3.75%). In-hospital mortality recorded was 7 (8%). Postoperative complications encountered were low cardiac output syndrome 9 (11.25%), pleural effusion requiring tapping 3 (3.75%), reoperation for bleeding 3 (3.8%), pulmonary regurgitation (moderate to severe) 20 (25%) which occurred in the transannular patch group only and atrial arrhythmia 4 (5%). Conclusion: A large number of adult patients are still operated for tetralogy of Fallot in Pakistan. With increasing experience in the technique the mortality and morbidity is comparable to international literature.
Assuntos
Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To study the in-hospital outcome of adult patients who had undergone surgical repair for Tetralogy of Fallot. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology searching the hospital records. All those adult patients who had undergone repair for Tetralogy of Fallot from January 2012 to December 2014 were included in the study. All the patients were operated by the same surgical team. Patients who underwent primary repair as well as those with previous palliative procedures were included in the study. Thirty days outcome was studied by recording variables from the database. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Results: A total of 80 patients was included in the study, in which there were 48 (60%) male patients and 32 (40%) female patients. Mean age was 21±0.21 years. Those with previous palliation were 15 (18.75%). The associated problems observed were: atrial septal defect 27 (33.75%), right aortic arch 30 (37.5%), patent ductus arteriosus 6 (7.5%) and double outlet right ventricle 3 (3.75%). In-hospital mortality recorded was 7 (8%). Postoperative complications encountered were low cardiac output syndrome 9 (11.25%), pleural effusion requiring tapping 3 (3.75%), reoperation for bleeding 3 (3.8%), pulmonary regurgitation (moderate to severe) 20 (25%) which occurred in the transannular patch group only and atrial arrhythmia 4 (5%). Conclusion: A large number of adult patients are still operated for tetralogy of Fallot in Pakistan. With increasing experience in the technique the mortality and morbidity is comparable to international literature.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Fatores Etários , Resultado do Tratamento , Mortalidade HospitalarRESUMO
La tetralogía de Fallot es una de las cardiopatías congénitas cianógenas más frecuentes. A pesar de ello no existen en Venezuela reportes actualizados de los resultados de su corrección quirúrgica. Describir los resultados obtenidos en la reparación quirúrgica de pacientes con tetralogía de Fallot y evaluar los factores de riesgo de mortalidad operatoria relacionados así como describir la sobrevida actuarial y la libertad de reoperación del tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho. Se incluyeron en forma restrospectiva a todos aquellos pacientes intervenidos de corrección total de tetralogía de Fallot entre octubre 2006 a mayo 2010. Se evaluó el tiempo de by-pass cardiopulmonar, tiempo de pinzamiento aórtico, edad, peso, talla, relación de presiones entre el ventrículo derecho e izquierdo después de la corrección. Adicionalmente se trazaron las curvas actuariales para sobrevida y libertad de reoperación para el tracto de salida derecho. Solo el tiempo de circulación extracorporea mayor a 100 minutos estuvo relacionado a mortalidad operatoria. La mortalidad operatoria global fue de 5,8%. La sobrevida actuarial a los 4 años fue de 92,5%, y la libertad de reoperación por obstrucción del tracto de salida derecho fue de 98,4%. Los resultados obtenidos son similares a los observados en la literatura mundial en relación con la mortalidad operatoria y libertad de reoperación del tracto de salida derecho. Los tiempos de circulación extracorporea mayores a 100 minutos podrían estar relacionados a una mayor dificultad técnica de la corrección y esto a su vez estar relacionado a mortalidad.
Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the most common cyanotic congenital heart defects. However, in Venezuela there are no current reports of results of its surgical correction. To describe the results of surgical repair of Tetralogy of Fallot patients and evaluate the risk factors related to operative mortality and to describe the actuarial survival curves and freedom from reoperation for the right ventricule outflow tract obstruction. We included retrospectively all patients undergoing total correction of tetralogy of Fallot from October 2006 to May 2010. We evaluated time of cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamp time, age, weight, height, and pressure ratio between right and left ventricle after correction. Additionally actuarial curves were plotted for survival and freedom from reoperation for right outflow tract obstruction. Cardiopulmonary by-pass times longer than 100 minutes was related to operative mortality. The overall operative mortality was 5.8%. The actuarial survival at 4 years was 92.5%, and freedom from reoperation for right outflow tract obstruction was 98.4%. These results are similar to those observed in the literature regarding the operative mortality and freedom from reoperation for right outflow tract obstruction. Cardiopulmonary by-pass times longer than 100 minutes could be related to increased technical difficulties during correction and this in turn be related to mortality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardiovasculares/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Tetralogia de Fallot/diagnóstico , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hospital mortality for surgical reconstruction of the outflow of the right ventricle with pulmonary homograft is variable. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors associated with hospital mortality and clinical profile of patients. METHODS: Children underwent reconstruction of the outflow tract of right ventricle with pulmonary homograft. Analyzed as risk factors for the clinical, surgical and morphological aspects of the prosthesis. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients operated on between 1998 and 2005 presented mainly pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot. Forty patients were treated in the first month of life. He needed 38 surgeries to Blalock Taussig due to clinical severity. The median age at surgery for total correction was 22 months, ranging from 1 to 157 months. Size pulmonary homograft ranging from 12 to 26 mm and length of bypass was 132 +/- 37 minutes. After surgery there were seventeen deaths (18% cases) on average 10.5 +/- 7.5 days. The predominant cause was multiple organ failure. In the univariate analysis between the types of heart disease, they found in favor of age at surgery, size of homograft, pulmonary valve Z value, CPB time, maintaining the integrity of the homograft and pulmonary tree change. There was no statistical difference in hospital mortality between the variables and the type of heart disease. CONCLUSION: The congenital obstructive right requires surgical care in the first days of life. The total correction surgery has a risk rate of 18% but there was no association with any variable studied.
Assuntos
Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Valva Pulmonar/transplante , Obstrução do Fluxo Ventricular Externo/cirurgia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Valva Pulmonar/patologia , Valva Pulmonar/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidade , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Transplante Homólogo , Obstrução do Fluxo Ventricular Externo/classificação , Obstrução do Fluxo Ventricular Externo/congênitoRESUMO
FUNDAMENTO: Mortalidade hospitalar na cirurgia de reconstrução da via de saída do ventrículo direito com homoenxerto pulmonar é variável. OBJETIVOS: Identificar os fatores de risco associados à mortalidade hospitalar e ao perfil clínico dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo de crianças submetidas à reconstrução da via de saída do ventrículo direito com homoenxerto pulmonar. Analisados como fatores de risco as variáveis clínicas, cirúrgicas e de aspectos morfológicos da prótese. RESULTADOS: Noventa e dois pacientes foram operados entre 1998 e 2005, apresentando principalmente atresia pulmonar com comunicação interventricular e a tetralogia de Fallot. Quarenta pacientes foram atendidos no primeiro mês de vida. Necessitaram de 38 cirurgias de Blalock Taussig devido à gravidade clínica. A idade mediana na cirurgia de correção total foi de 22 meses, variando de 1 mês a 157 meses. O tamanho homoenxerto pulmonar variou de 12 a 26 mm e o tempo de extracorpórea foi 132 ± 37 minutos. Após a cirurgia houve 17 óbitos (18 por cento casos), em média 10,5 ± 7,5 dias após. A causa predominante foi falência de múltiplos órgãos. Na análise univariada entre os tipos de cardiopatia, estas deferiram na idade, momento da cirurgia, tamanho do homoenxerto, valor Z da valva pulmonar, tempo de circulação extracorpórea, manutenção da integridade do homoenxerto e alteração da árvore pulmonar. Não houve diferença estatística com relação à mortalidade hospitalar entre as variáveis e o tipo de cardiopatia. CONCLUSÃO: As cardiopatias obstrutivas do lado direito necessitam de atendimento cirúrgico nos primeiros dias de vida. A cirurgia de correção total apresenta risco de mortalidade de 18 por cento, mas não houve associação com nenhuma variável estudada.
BACKGROUND: Hospital mortality for surgical reconstruction of the outflow of the right ventricle with pulmonary homograft is variable. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors associated with hospital mortality and clinical profile of patients. METHODS: Children underwent reconstruction of the outflow tract of right ventricle with pulmonary homograft. Analyzed as risk factors for the clinical, surgical and morphological aspects of the prosthesis. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients operated on between 1998 and 2005 presented mainly pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot. Forty patients were treated in the first month of life. He needed 38 surgeries to Blalock Taussig due to clinical severity. The median age at surgery for total correction was 22 months, ranging from 1 to 157 months. Size pulmonary homograft ranging from 12 to 26 mm and length of bypass was 132 ± 37 minutes. After surgery there were seventeen deaths (18 percent cases) on average 10.5 ± 7.5 days. The predominant cause was multiple organ failure. In the univariate analysis between the types of heart disease, they found in favor of age at surgery, size of homograft, pulmonary valve Z value, CPB time, maintaining the integrity of the homograft and pulmonary tree change. There was no statistical differencein hospital mortality between the variables and the type of heart disease. CONCLUSION: The congenital obstructive right requires surgical care in the first days of life. The total correction surgery has a risk rate of 18 percent but there was no association with any variable studied.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Valva Pulmonar/transplante , Obstrução do Fluxo Ventricular Externo/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Valva Pulmonar/patologia , Valva Pulmonar/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco , Transplante Homólogo , Tetralogia de Fallot/mortalidade , Tetralogia de Fallot/cirurgia , Obstrução do Fluxo Ventricular Externo/classificação , Obstrução do Fluxo Ventricular Externo/congênitoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate short-term and medium-term results of intracardiac correction of tetralogy of fallot in the first year of life. METHODS: From January 1996 to October 2004, 67 consecutive infants ranging in age from 1 to 11 months (mean: 7.2 months) and weighing from 4 to 10 kilograms (mean: 7.1 kilograms) underwent elective total correction of tetralogy of fallot. The surgery was accomplished with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and moderate hypothermia. Right ventriculotomy was performed in 60 (89.5%) cases and an atriopulmonary approach was used in the other seven (10.5%) cases. RESULTS: Cardiopulmonary bypass time ranged from 35 to 147 minutes (mean: 78.8 +/- 21 minutes), and aortic clamping time ranged from 25 to 86 minutes (mean: 51.8 +/- 15.6 minutes). Transannular enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract was needed in 50 (64.1%) patients. Gradient between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery after correction varied from 0 to 54 mmHg (mean: 15.5 +/- 10.8 mmHg). There were two (2.98%) early deaths. Follow-up of the 65 survivors ranged from 7 to 115 months (mean:44.0 +/- 35 months). There was one late noncardiac death. All other patients are asymptomatic. The actuarial survival curve at 12 years, including operative mortality, was 97%. Ten patients were evaluated by magnetic nuclear angioresonance. CONCLUSIONS: Intracardiac correction of tetralogy of fallot in the first year of life may be performed with low morbidity and mortality and good late results.